Hyphy Sparked a Social Movement

“Hyphy,” a genre of rap and lifestyle associated with Bay Area hip hop evolved into a counter-cultural social movement for marginalized youth in early 2000. Hyphy originated from Black youth as a musical protest in response to their historical lack of social power, economic resources and systematic institutional oppression. Hyphy provided a space to release tension, celebrate life and freedom of expression, primarily as a means of resisting hegemonic perceptions of Black youth and their cultural productions. Applying a cultural studies theoretical approach, this ethnographic research examines literature and media coverage pre and post Hyphy highlighting the ways in which it fostered a personal and political agenda, attracting organizations that employed hip hop to provide direct services to youth as a means of advocating for social justice. This article argues that the Hyphy Movement although dated, supported the foundation of the Black Lives Matter movement in the Bay Area by playing a pivotal role in shifting the revolutionary consciousness of young people when addressing police violence during a pivotal social upheaval in 2009, the unjust murder of Oscar Grant III

Radial distribution and strong lensing statistics of satellite galaxies and substructure using high resolution LCDM hydrodynamical simulations

We analyse the number density and radial distribution of substructures and satellite galaxies using cosmological simulations that follow the gas dynamics of a baryonic component, including shock heating, radiative cooling and star formation within the hierarchical concordance LCDM model. We find that the dissipation of the baryons greatly enhances the survival of subhaloes, expecially in the galaxy core, resulting in a radial distribution of satellite galaxies that closely follows the overall mass distribution in the inner part of the halo. Hydrodynamical simulations are necessary to resolve the adiabatic contraction and dense cores of galaxies, resulting in a total number of satellites a factor of two larger than found in pure dark matter simulation, in good agreement with the observed spatial distribution of satellite galaxies within galaxies and clusters. Convergence tests show that the cored distribution found by previous authors in pure N-body simulations was due to physical overmerging of dark matter only structures. We proceed to use a ray-shooting technique in order to study the impact of these additional substructures on the number of violations of the cusp caustic magnification relation. We develop a new approach to try to disentangle the effect of substructures from the intrinsic discreteness of N-Body simulations. Even with the increased number of substructures in the centres of galaxies, we are not able to reproduce the observed high numbers of discrepancies observed in the flux ratios of multiply lensed quasars.Comment: 11 pages, 15 figures, comparison with previous works updated, one more plot added, minor changes to match the accepted version by MNRA

Reframing Sexual Responsibility: Hooking-up

“Hook-up” culture can be seen as an outlet for women’s sexual freedom. For centuries women have not been allowed to express or have equal rights as men. Some feminists believe that women have grasped this “hook-up” culture as a way to gain sexual freedom and thus become more equal to men, but did this phenomenon backfire? This paper traces the historical emergence of “hooking-up” as a courtship ritual, explaining where it came from as well as what is new about it. The paper addresses the three themes of drugs and alcohol, sexual satisfaction, and the psychological well-being as lenses to assess hook-up practice and its relationship with sexuality. The paper also examines whether or not hook-up culture is empowering or disenfranchising for women

Narrative language competence in children and adolescents with Down syndrome

This study was designed to examine the narrative language abilities of children and adolescents with Down syndrome in comparison to same-age peers with fragile X syndrome and younger typically developing children matched by nonverbal cognitive ability levels. Participants produced narrative retells from a wordless picture book. Narratives were analyzed at the macrostructural (i.e., their internal episodic structure) and the microstructural (i.e., rate of use of specific word categories) levels. Mean length of utterance, a microstructural metric of syntactic complexity, was used as a control variable. Participants with Down syndrome produced fewer episodic elements in their narratives (i.e., their narratives were less fully realized) than the typically developing participants, although mean length of utterance differences accounted for the macrostructural differences between participant groups. At the microstructural level, participants with Down syndrome displayed a lower rate of verb use than the groups with fragile X syndrome and typical development, even after accounting for mean length of utterance. These findings reflect both similarities and differences between individuals with Down syndrome or fragile X syndrome and contribute to our understanding of the language phenotype of Down syndrome. Implications for interventions to promote language development and academic achievement are discussed

Radial distribution and strong lensing statistics of satellite galaxies and substructure using high-resolution ΛCDM hydrodynamical simulations

We analyse the number density and radial distribution of substructures and satellite galaxies using cosmological simulations that follow the gas dynamics of a baryonic component, including shock heating, radiative cooling and star formation within the hierarchical concordance Lambda cold dark matter model. We find that the dissipation of the baryons greatly enhances the survival of subhaloes, especially in the galaxy core, resulting in a radial distribution of satellite galaxies that closely follows the overall mass distribution. Hydrodynamical simulations are necessary to resolve the adiabatic contraction and dense cores of galaxies, resulting in a total number of satellites a factor of 2 larger than that found in pure dark matter simulation, in good agreement with the observed spatial distribution of satellite galaxies within galaxies and clusters. Convergence tests show that the cored distribution found by previous authors in pure N-body simulations was due to the physical overmerging of dark matter only structures. We proceed to use a ray-shooting technique in order to study the impact of these additional substructures on the number of violations of the cusp caustic magnification relation. We develop a new approach to try to disentangle the effect of substructures from the intrinsic discreteness of N-body simulations. Even with the increased number of substructures in the centres of galaxies, we are not able to reproduce the observed high numbers of discrepancies observed in the flux ratios of multiply lensed quasar