Sistema Contable en la Cooperativa Multisectorial Maracuyá del Norte (COMANOR), del municipio de San Ramón, Departamento de Matagalpa en el I Semestre del año 2013

En esta investigación se abordó el Sistema Contable en la Cooperativa Multisectorial Maracuyá del Norte (COMANOR, RL), en el Municipio de San Ramón, Departamento de Matagalpa en el I semestre del año 2013. El propósito de la investigación es evaluar el Sistema Contable de la Cooperativa COMANOR, RL ya que es un pilar fundamental para el registro de las operaciones diarias, aprovechamiento de los recursos asignados y alcance de objetivos. Contar con un Sistema Contable le será de gran beneficio para la elaboración de sus estados financieros, permitiendo así información útil para la toma de decisiones y el logro de las metas de la Cooperativa Conforme a los resultados obtenidos en la investigación, se pudo determinar que en este momento la Cooperativa COMANOR, RL no tiene un Sistema Contable bien definido que le permita el adecuado registro de sus operaciones y el desempeño adecuado de las funciones, ya que sus registros contables están limitados al control de los ingresos, egresos y el inventario de los diferentes productos. Se propone a la Cooperativa COMANOR, RL un Catálogo de Cuentas y su Instructivo, tomando en cuenta el tamaño y actividad comercial de la misma, igualmente un Manual de Funciones que oriente al personal para el correcto desempeño de sus funciones, de manera que brinden información confiable y de calida

How we move is universal: scaling in the average shape of human activity

Human motor activity is constrained by the rhythmicity of the 24 hours circadian cycle, including the usual 12-15 hours sleep-wake cycle. However, activity fluctuations also appear over a wide range of temporal scales, from days to a few seconds, resulting from the concatenation of a myriad of individual smaller motor events. Furthermore, individuals present different propensity to wakefulness and thus to motor activity throughout the circadian cycle. Are activity fluctuations across temporal scales intrinsically different, or is there a universal description encompassing them? Is this description also universal across individuals, considering the aforementioned variability? Here we establish the presence of universality in motor activity fluctuations based on the empirical study of a month of continuous wristwatch accelerometer recordings. We study the scaling of average fluctuations across temporal scales and determine a universal law characterized by critical exponents $\alpha$, $\tau$ and $1/{\mu}$. Results are highly reminiscent of the universality described for the average shape of avalanches in systems exhibiting crackling noise. Beyond its theoretical relevance, the present results can be important for developing objective markers of healthy as well as pathological human motor behavior.Comment: Communicated to the Granada Seminar, "Physics Meets the Social Sciences: Emergent cooperative phenomena, from bacterial to human group behavior". June 14-19, 2015. La Herradura, Spai

Impacto de la crisis financiera en el sector de la construcción, estrategias para dinamizarlo

81 Páginas.Para poner en contexto la situación actual del sector, debemos tener en cuenta dos factores coyunturales que cambiaron el rumbo económico de la ciudad y sucedieron en Venezuela promediando el año 2009, el pánico y la incertidumbre generada por expropiaciones por parte gobierno venezolano y la caída de los cupos de dólares CADIVI. El sector de la construcción fue uno de los más afectados por dos razones principalmente: En primer lugar, el gobierno venezolano implantó una política agresiva de expropiación de bienes la cual llevó a los venezolanos a buscar medios para proteger su patrimonio vendiendo sus bienes con la intención de invertirlo en el extranjero. En este contexto Cúcuta fue favorecida temporalmente porque se crearon constructoras con capital venezolano que reactivaron la economía local. En segundo promediando el año 2007 y 2008 el gobierno central venezolano incremento el cupo de dólares CADIVI para compras en el exterior y Cúcuta fue uno de los destinos más buscados por los venezolanos por su cercanía y facilidades de intercambio de divisas en la calle. La diferencia que se manejaba entre el dólar oficial y el dólar negro conseguido en las calles de la ciudad conllevó a la especulación con el tipo de cambio y por consiguiente una oferta de dólares muy atractiva para los comerciantes cucuteños. El sector de la construcción se vio afectado por esta circunstancia extraordinaria ya que por la gran cantidad de dinero que circulaba en la ciudad, se empezaron a construir viviendas, edificaciones, locales comerciales con el firme deseo de captar la mayor cantidad de dólares

Better Executive Functions Are Associated With More Efficient Cognitive Pain Modulation in Older Adults: An fMRI Study

Growing evidence suggests that aging is associated with less efficient endogenous pain modulation as demonstrated by reduced conditioned pain modulation, and that these changes may be mediated by differences in frontal functioning. Yet, little is known about potential age-related changes in cognitive pain modulation, such as distraction from pain. In a first session, 30 healthy young (19–35 years) and 30 healthy older (59–82 years) adults completed a battery of neuropsychological tests. In a second session, we acquired functional brain images while participants completed a working memory task with two levels of cognitive load (high vs. low) and concurrently received individually adjusted heat stimuli (warm vs. painful). In both age groups, completing the high load task was associated with a significant reduction in the perceived intensity and unpleasantness of painful stimuli and a reduction in activation of brain regions involved in pain processing. Group comparisons revealed that young adults showed a stronger de-activation of brain regions involved in pain processing during the high load vs. the low load task, such as the right insula, right mid cingulate cortex and left supramarginal gyrus, compared to older adults. Older adults, on the other hand, showed an increased activation in the anterior cingulate cortex during the high load vs. low load task, when compared to young adults. Covariate analyses indicated that executive functions significantly predicted neural pain modulation in older adults: Better executive functions were associated with a more pronounced de-activation of the insula, thalamus and primary somatosensory cortex and increased activation of prefrontal regions during the high vs. low load task. These findings suggest that cognitive pain modulation is altered in older age and that the preservation of executive functions may have beneficial effects on the efficacy of distraction from pain

En comunitat, utilitza la creativitat! Compartim els projectes de treball comunitari: fira de projectes

En el marc de l'assignatura de treball social comunitari del grau de treball social de la Universitat de Barcelona es promou el treball cooperatiu i la participació activa dels estudiants, el qual incentiva el desenvolupament de les capacitats i habilitats dels estudiants i desperta les seves intel·ligències múltiples. Les propostes d'activitats creatives milloren la comprensió dels aprenentatges teòrics vinculats a la intervenció social comunitària

RESTING STATE FUNCTIONAL CONNECTIVITY MARKERS FOR THE EFFICACY OF COGNITVE PAIN MODULATION IN AGING

A growing number of studies suggest that aging is associated with a decrease in efficacy of cognitive pain modulation. Resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) analysis of the brain offers one way of investigating the potential neural mechanisms that may underly this age-related decline. In this study, 32 young (26.7 ± 4.3 years) and 32 healthy older (68.3 ± 7.1 years) adults underwent a 6-minute resting state fMRI scan, as well as a pain distraction paradigm. In the latter, participants received painful heat stimuli while performing either an easy or a difficult working memory task. We performed region-of-interest (ROI) to ROI rsFC analysis of the imaging data, focusing on regions implicated in pain processing and descending pain control. We then examined the relationship between rsFC parameters and the magnitude of the distraction effect (the reduction in perceived pain intensity during the difficult vs the easy task). Older adults showed reduced connectivity compared to young adults between several descending pain modulatory regions, including the ACC and PAG, the right secondary somatosensory cortex (SII) and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and between the ACC and left amygdala. Importantly, rsFC in older adults correlated positively with the distraction effect, between several regions including the right SI and right amygdala, the left SI and right insula and between the ACC and left amygdala. Our findings thus demonstrate, for the first time, that reduced cognitive pain modulation in older age is directly associated with decreased rsFC within key nodes of the descending pain control network

Effect of an Exogenous Phytase on Growth Performance in Growing Holstein Calves

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect on the productive performance, apparent digestibility of DM, serum phosphorus and phosphorus balance in Holstein calves which received a high concentrate diet with different doses of exogenous phytase for a period of 60d. The experiment was conducted with a completely randomized design with three treatments of eight calves each, the treatment included dietary supplementation of exogenous phytase at 0, 12 and 24 g/ton. Phytase inclusion increased (P0.05) on DM intake, feed conversion and DM digestibility. Adding phytase in the diet decreased phosphorus excretion in faeces (P<0.05) showing a significant linear increase with increasing level of supplementation (the values being 9.96, 9.14 and 8.13 g/d) which, in turn, increased the P retention (4.69, 5.37 and 6.45 g/d, resectively, for the three groups). In conclusion, supplementation of phytase could improve the growth performance of calves without any discernible effects on feed intake or digestibility of nutrients