1,332 research outputs found

    Gee, But I\u27d Like to Make You Happy

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    Illustration of women in various styles of clothes.https://scholarsjunction.msstate.edu/cht-sheet-music/2899/thumbnail.jp

    Impact of Nutrition Intervention on Mental Health Outcomes in Adults: Preliminary Evidence from a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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    Background and objectives: Mental health disorders are the leading cause of ill health and disability in adults, with depression and anxiety being the most prevalent. Emerging evidence indicates roles for specific nutrients—particularly, omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin D, folate, and the metabolically related B vitamins (B12, B6 and riboflavin)—in protecting against depression and anxiety, but the evidence is conflicting. The aim was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis investigating the effect of intervention with nutritional factors on mental health outcomes in adults. Methods: Searches were conducted using the following electronic bibliographic databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE and PsycINFO. Inclusion criteria were randomised controlled trials (RCTs) or controlled dietary interventions, participants aged ≥18 years, study duration ≥12 weeks and depression or anxiety outcome measures. The risk of bias and quality of the evidence were assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool and the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) framework, respectively. Results: A total of 83 studies met the inclusion criteria, of which 73 were included in the meta-analysis. Regarding the role of specific nutrients in depression, RCTs with B vitamins (standardised mean difference, SMD, −1.91 95% CI −3.69, −0.13) and zinc (SMD −0.59 95% CI −0.86, −0.30) indicated significant benefits in reducing depression. Although no overall effect of vitamin D intervention in reducing depression for studies was found, subgroup analysis showed a beneficial effect of 12-week duration (SMD −0.29 95% CI −0.57, −0.01), while no significant effect of omega-3 fatty acid intervention was observed (SMD −0.47 95% CI −0.98, 0.04). RCTs with vitamin D indicated beneficial effects in reducing anxiety (SMD −0.69 95% CI −1.27, −0.11). No significant effect of omega-3 fatty acids on anxiety was shown, while there were insufficient RCTs with B vitamins and zinc in relation to anxiety. Discussion: This preliminary analysis demonstrated a potential role for B vitamins, vitamin D and zinc, but no benefit of intervention with omega-3 fatty acids, on depression. Vitamin D may play a role in reducing anxiety, whereas omega-3 does not. Confirmation of these preliminary findings is required from new RCTs with relevant nutrients

    Men Are More Likely to Be Homeless Than Women

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    Gender has an impact on people with mental illnesses. Men are more likely to be homeless than women. More social support needs to be provided to members of both gendersYork's Knowledge Mobilization Unit provides services and funding for faculty, graduate students, and community organizations seeking to maximize the impact of academic research and expertise on public policy, social programming, and professional practice. It is supported by SSHRC and CIHR grants, and by the Office of the Vice-President Research & Innovation. [email protected] www.researchimpact.c

    Baffin Island Expedition, 1950: A Preliminary Report

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    Brief resume by the leader, of the personnel, itinerary, camps, transportation and program of an expedition sponsored by Arctic Institute of North America, Royal Canadian Air Force, Geological Survey of Canada, Swiss Foundation for Alpine Research and the Canadian Geographical Society, to the east coast of Baffin Island at Clyde settlement, May-Aug. 1950; with short "initial reports on progress" of the scientific studies..

    Understanding friendship and learning networks of international and host students using longitudinal Social Network Analysis

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    While the number of international students travelling abroad for higher education constantly increases, it has been recognised among educators that international students have difficulty adjusting to their host educational environment. Past research indicates that international students’ personal ties with other international, home and host students can influence their cross-cultural adjustment to their new environment. Drawing from cross-cultural, educational science and social network research, we conducted a longitudinal study using dynamic social network analyses into how 485 international and 107 host students build learning and work relationships at both bachelor and post-graduate level. Results indicate that students from different cultural backgrounds develop dissimilar co-national and international friendships and learning relationships over time. Additionally, in contrast to previous findings our MRQAP and multiple regression analyses indicate that social interactions among international and host students did not become more intertwined over time. However, active (mixed) group activities (temporarily) increase cross-cultural interaction, indicating that institutions can play an active role in improving cross-cultural adjustment

    HI Narrow Line Absorption in Dark Clouds

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    We have used the Arecibo telescope to carry out an survey of 31 dark clouds in the Taurus/Perseus region for narrow absorption features in HI (λ\lambda 21cm) and OH (1667 and 1665 MHz) emission. We detected HI narrow self--absorption (HINSA) in 77% of the clouds that we observed. HINSA and OH emission, observed simultaneously are remarkably well correlated. Spectrally, they have the same nonthermal line width and the same line centroid velocity. Spatially, they both peak at the optically--selected central position of each cloud, and both fall off toward the cloud edges. Sources with clear HINSA feature have also been observed in transitions of CO, \13co, \c18o, and CI. HINSA exhibits better correlation with molecular tracers than with CI. The line width of the absorption feature, together with analyses of the relevant radiative transfer provide upper limits to the kinetic temperature of the gas producing the HINSA. Some sources must have a temperature close to or lower than 10 K. The correlation of column densities and line widths of HINSA with those characteristics of molecular tracers suggest that a significant fraction of the atomic hydrogen is located in the cold, well--shielded portions of molecular clouds, and is mixed with the molecular gas. The average number density ratio [HI]/[\h2] is 1.5×10−31.5\times10^{-3}. The inferred HI density appears consistent with but is slightly higher than the value expected in steady state equilibrium between formation of HI via cosmic ray destruction of H2_2 and destruction via formation of H2_2 on grain surfaces. The distribution and abundance of atomic hydrogen in molecular clouds is a critical test of dark cloud chemistry and structure, including the issues of grain surface reaction rates, PDRs, circulation, and turbulent diffusion.Comment: 40 pages, 10 figures, accepted by Ap

    Upper Kellwasser carbon isotope excursion pre-dates the F–F boundary in the Upper Devonian Lennard shelf carbonate system, Canning Basin, Western Australia

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    Here we report four high-resolution carbon isotope records in addition to trace element data for the Frasnian–Famennian (F–F) boundary interval in the Lennard Shelf carbonate system of the Canning Basin, Western Australia. This region lacks the characteristic black shale horizons associated with the global Late Devonian Kellwasser extinction events, yet still exhibits a trend in carbon isotope character similar to what has been reported from elsewhere in the world (two positive δ13C excursions with ~3–4‰ amplitudes). Enrichments in select trace element ratios suggest that both excursions are related to periods of oxygen deprivation and perhaps increased biological productivity. Given the continuous and stratigraphically expanded nature of Lennard Shelf sections, together with high-density sampling constrained by both conodont biostratigraphy and magnetostratigraphy, we observe that the Upper Kellwasser isotope excursion (maximum δ13C values) and associated trace element enrichments occur distinctly lower than the F–F boundary level. These results have implications for the paleoenvironmental conditions leading up to the Late Devonian Mass Extinction in terms of ocean chemistry and circulation patterns. This data set allows for a rare, detailed look at the temporal relationship between the Kellwasser events and the F–F boundary and constrains the pattern of carbon isotope perturbations at the intra-zonal scale

    Slow and fast diffusion in a lead sulphate gravity separation process

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    A model for the growth of lead sulphate particles in a gravity separation system from the crystal glassware industry is presented. The lead sulphate particles are an undesirable byproduct, and thus the model is used to ascertain the optimal system temperature configuration such that particle extraction is maximised. The model describes the evolution of a single, spherical particle due to the mass flux of lead particles from a surrounding acid solution. We divide the concentration field into two separate regions. Specifically, a relatively small boundary layer region around the particle is characterised by fast diffusion, and is thus considered quasistatic. In contrast, diffusion in the far-field is slower, and hence assumed to be time-dependent. The final system consisting of two nonlinear, coupled ordinary differential equations for the particle radius and lead concentration, is integrated numerically
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