Observada la "Partícula de Dios" en el LHC

In this article, we present an analysis and consequences of the results about the search for the Higgs Boson in the largest high energy laboratory, the LHC or large Hadron Collider operating at the European Center for Nuclear Research CERN. The Higgs boson, more commonly called "the divine particle" is responsible for the mechanism that generates the mass within the context of the Standard Model of the Physics of elementary particles.En este artículo presentamos un análisis y conse-cuencias de los resultados acerca de la búsqueda del Bosón de Higgs en el laboratorio más grande de altas energías, el LHC o gran colisionador de Hadrones que funciona en el Centro Europeo de Investiga-ciones Nucleares CERN. El bosón de Higgs, más comúnmente llamado "la partícula divina" es el responsable del mecanismo que genera la masa dentro del contexto de Modelo Estándar de la Física de partículas elementales

Macrophages and Galectin 3 Control Bacterial Burden in Acute and Subacute Murine Leptospirosis That Determines Chronic Kidney Fibrosis

Previous studies have suggested that macrophages may contribute to acute Leptospira dissemination, as well as having a major role in kidney fibrosis. Our aim was to characterize the role of macrophages and galectin 3 (Gal-3) on the survival, clinical course, bacterial burden, interstitial nephritis, and chronic kidney fibrosis in Leptospira interrogans serovar Copenhageni (LIC)-induced experimental murine leptospirosis. C57BL/6J mice depleted of macrophages by liposome-encapsulated clodronate treatment and infected with LIC presented a higher bacterial burden, had reduced subacute nephritis and enhanced chronic kidney fibrosis relative to untreated, infected mice. Moreover, LIC infection in mice whose Gal-3 was disrupted (Lgals3-/-) had a higher bacterial burden and enhanced subacute nephritis and chronic kidney fibrosis when compared to C57BL/6J wild-type mice. Chronic fibrosis did not correlate with higher transcription levels of TGF-β1 or IL-13 in the kidneys. Kidney fibrosis was found in chronically infected rats as well as in wild infected rats. On the other hand, human fibroblast cultures exhibited enhanced differentiation to myofibroblasts after treatment with LIC. Our results demonstrate that macrophages and Gal-3 play a critical role in controlling the LIC burden but has a minor role in subsequent fibrosis. Instead, kidney fibrosis was better correlated with bacterial burden. Taken together, our results do not support a role for macrophages to disseminate leptospires during acute infection, nor in chronic kidney fibrosis.Fil: Ferrer, Maria Florencia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Scharrig Fernandez, Maria Emilia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Charó, Nancy Lorena. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Medicina Experimental. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Rípodas, Ana L.. Bio-lab; ArgentinaFil: Drut, Ricardo. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Ministerio de Salud. Hospital de Niños "Sor María Ludovica" de La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Carrera Silva, Eugenio Antonio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Medicina Experimental. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Nagel, Ariel Gastón. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Biotecnología; ArgentinaFil: Nally, Jarlath E.. United States Department of Agriculture. Agriculture Research Service; Estados UnidosFil: Montes de Oca, Daniela Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Schattner, Mirta Ana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Medicina Experimental. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Gomez, Ricardo Martin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular; Argentin

Shagosoft, multimedia para el estudio de los sitios y monumentos históricos en Santiago de Cuba

Introduction: historical sites and monuments are a tribute to those who marked out the course of history, thus these places must be studied by Medical Science students as part of their training. Objective: to create an educational multimedia about the sites and monuments of Santiago de Cuba for students of the medical sciences. Method: a technological development research was carried out from February to May 2017, at Santiago de Cuba University of Medical Sciences. The product was made in the Matchware Mediator version 9.0. The target group comprised 430 medical students from the third academic-year. Results: the multimedia has a module of introduction that includes historical reviews, historical sites, sites of interest and videos. Before applying the educational multimedia only 25 % of the respondents showed high level of knowledge on the subject; after applying the product, it increased up to 88 %; 100 % of respondents expressed satisfaction with the multimedia. Conclusions: the applied multimedia constitutes an important tool in the teaching-learning process for teaching the History of Cuba, since it provides professors a complementary tool and provides updated information on the most important historical sites and monuments of Santiago de Cuba.Introducción: los sitios y monumentos históricos constituyen tributo a aquellos que dejaron huellas en el cauce de la historia, por lo cual deben ser estudiados por los estudiantes de las Ciencias Médicas como parte de su formación.Objetivo: confeccionar una multimedia educativa sobre los sitios y monumentos de Santiago de Cuba para estudiantes de las ciencias médicas.Método: se realizó una investigación de desarrollo tecnológico en el período febrero a mayo del 2017, en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Santiago de Cuba. El producto se confeccionó en el Matchware Mediator en su versión 9.0. Se validó el producto mediante la consulta a un comité de expertos. El universo estuvo constituido por 430 estudiantes de tercer año de medicina.Resultados: la multimedia cuenta con un módulo de presentación que incluye reseñas históricas, sitios históricos, sitios de interés y videos. Antes de aplicar la multimedia educativa solo el 25 % de los encuestados poseía un elevado nivel de conocimiento respecto al tema; tras ser aplicado el producto, aumentó hasta el 88 %. El 100 % de los encuestados manifestaron satisfacción respecto a la multimedia.Conclusiones: la multimedia aplicada constituye una importante herramienta en el proceso docente-educativo de la asignatura Historia de Cuba, puesto que sirve a los docentes como medio auxiliar y brinda información actualizada sobre los diversos sitios y monumentos históricos más relevantes de Santiago de Cuba

ANORMALDENT, tool for learning developmental dental anomalies

Introducción: las anomalías dentales son malformaciones congénitas de los tejidos del diente que se dan como consecuencia de cambios que afectan el proceso natural de la odontogénesis.Objetivo: confeccionar una multimedia sobre las anomalías dentarias del desarrollo para estudiantes de la carrera de Estomatología.Método: se realizó una investigación de innovación tecnológica en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Santiago de Cuba, en el período comprendido de diciembre de 2019 a enero de 2020. Se efectuó una validación mediante el método Delphi por un grupo de 15 expertos. Se trabajó con el total del universo (N=30). Para la confección de la multimedia se utilizaron el CrheaSoft 3.5.2 y una programación objeto a objeto, Adobe Photoshop 10 CS3 Portable y Adobe Reader. Resultados: el total de expertos (n=15) valoró la calidad de realización y del contenido actualizado de la herramienta educativa como alta y que brinda una total utilidad práctica. Antes de aplicado el producto a los estudiantes, 25 de ellos presentaban nivel de conocimientos inadecuados sobre el tema y luego de aplicado 27 estudiantes presentaban nivel adecuado. Del total de estudiantes y especialistas, 43 aceptaron el empleo de la multimedia como medio de enseñanza.Conclusiones: ANORMALDENT demostró ser una herramienta didáctica integradora con utilidad práctica y efectividad en el proceso de enseñanza- aprendizaje de las anomalías dentarias del desarrollo.Introduction: dental anomalies are congenital malformations of tooth tissues that occur as a consequence of changes that affect the natural process of odontogenesis, in which various genes that regulate the process intervene. Objective: to make a multimedia on the dental anomalies of development that facilitates the process teaching-learning in students of the career ofDentistry. Method: a technological innovation investigation was carried out at the Medical Sciences University of Santiago de Cuba from December 2019 to January 2020. A validation was carried out using the Delphi method by a group of 15 experts. We worked with the total of the universe. CrheaSoft 3.5.2 and object-to-object programming, Adobe Photoshop 10 CS3 Portable and Adobe Reader were used to create the multimedia. Results: the total of experts (n=15) rated the quality of implementation and the updated content of the educational tool as high and that it provides total practical utility. Before applying the product to the students, 25 of them had an inadequate level of knowledge on the subject and after applying the product, 27 students had an adequate level. 43 of the total of students and specialists accepted the use of multimedia as a teaching medium. Conclusions: ANORMALDENT proved to be an integrative teaching tool with practical utility and effectiveness in the teaching-learning process of developmental dental anomalies

Comportamiento de los indicadores peso semanal, ganancia media semanal, ganancia media diaria y ganancia media acumulada semanal en dos líneas de hembras Broilers en condiciones ambientales del trópico

To study the behavior of weekly weights, feed consumption, and feed conversion associated to meat production in female broilers in the tropics, 400 one-day old female broilers (200 Ross 308 and 200 Cobb 500 broilers) were chosen. Breeding was made in two houses with uncontrolled environmental conditions. A multifactorial design was used to study lines (Cobb 500 and Ross 308), feed presentation (meal and pellets), and two houses, for a base design of eight combinations of factors and a repetition, totaling N=16 quarters. The experimental unit was made of 25 female broilers in each quarter, with a density of 12 chicken/m2, similar to the usual local production conditions. Simple and multiple analyses of variance were made with interactions and analysis of covariance. The values achieved for the weekly weights, feed consumption, and feed conversion, were adequate for the production conditions of female broilers in the tropic, and similar to reports of yielding purposes of the lines studied.Se utilizaron 200 hembras Broilers Ross 308 y 200 COBB 500 al día de edad. La crianza se realizó en dos naves con el objetivo de valorar el comportamiento de los indicadores pesos, ganancia media, ganancia media acumulada semanalmente y ganancia media diaria en condiciones de trópico. Se utilizó un diseño multifactorial, los factores estudiados fueron: las líneas, presentación del alimento (harina y peletizado) y dos naves, para un diseño base de ocho combinaciones de los factores y una réplica para totalizar N=16 cuarteles. La unidad experimental fue de 25 hembras con densidad de 12 pollos/m². Para los datos se utilizó el paquete estadístico IBM SPSS Versión 23, se realizaron análisis de varianza múltiple con interacciones de segundo orden y de covarianza con el peso inicial y la temperatura de los cuarteles. Finalmente, cada modelo fue ajustado al criterio de parquedad hasta dejar sólo los efectos que resultaron significativos. La ganancia media semanal y ganancia media acumulada semanal presenta valores permisibles para explotaciones en el trópico con medias marginales estimadas del rango de 109,4 g a 145,5 g para la semana 1 y 376,9 g a 487,4 g en la semana 6 para la ganancia media semanal. La ganancia media acumulada semanal con rangos de 110,1 g a 135,5 g para la primera semana y 2 035,4 g a 2 086,1 g para la sexta semana. Los valores de las tres variables son ligeramente inferiores a los planteados por los manuales de rendimiento productivo de las líneas en estudio

Improving air quality in metropolitan Mexico City : an economic valuation

Mexico City has for years experienced high levels of ozone and particulate air pollution. In 1995-99 the entire population of the Mexico City metropolitan area was exposed to annual average concentrations of fine particulate pollution (particulates with a diameter of less than 10micrometers, or PM10) exceeding 50 micrograms per cubic meter, the annual average standard in both Mexico and the United States. Two million people were exposed to annual average PM10 levels of more than 75 micrograms per cubic meter. The daily maximum one-hour ozone standard was exceeded at least 300 days a year. The Mexico Air Quality Management Team documents population-weighted exposures to ozone and PM10 between 1995 and 1999, project exposures in 2010, and computes the value of four scenarios for 2010: A 10 percent reduction in PM10 and ozone. A 20 percent reduction in PM10 and ozone. Achievement of ambient air quality standards across the metropolitan area. A 68 percent reduction in ozone and a 47 percent reduction in PM10 across the metropolitan area. The authors calculate the health benefits of reducing ozone and PM10 for each scenario using dose-response functions from the peer-reviewed literature. They value cases of morbidity and premature mortality avoided using three approaches: Cost of illness and forgone earnings only (low estimate). Cost of illness, forgone earnings, and willingness to pay for avoided morbidity (central case estimate). Cost of illness, forgone earnings, willingness to pay for avoided morbidity, and willingness to pay for avoided mortality (high estimate). The results suggest that the benefits of a 10 percent reduction in ozone and PM10 in 2010 are about $760 million (in 1999 U.S. dollars) annually in the central case. The benefits of a 20 percent reduction in ozone and PM10 are about$1.49 billion annually. In each case the benefits of reducing ozone amount to about 15 percent of the total benefits. By estimating the magnitude of the benefits from air pollution control, the authors provide motivation for examining specific policies that could achieve the air pollution reductions that they value. They also provide unit values for the benefits from reductions in ambient air pollution (for example, per microgram of PM10) that could be used as inputs into a full cost-benefit analysisof air pollution control strategies.Montreal Protocol,Public Health Promotion,Global Environment Facility,Air Quality&Clean Air,Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Montreal Protocol,Air Quality&Clean Air,Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Global Environment Facility,Transport and Environment

Immune protection against Trypanosoma cruzi induced by TcVac4 in a canine model

Chagas disease, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, is endemic in southern parts of the American continent. Herein, we have tested the protective efficacy of a DNA-prime/T. rangeli-boost (TcVac4) vaccine in a dog (Canis familiaris) model. Dogs were immunized with two-doses of DNA vaccine (pcDNA3.1 encoding TcG1, TcG2, and TcG4 antigens plus IL-12- and GMCSF- encoding plasmids) followed by two doses of glutaraldehyde-inactivated T. rangeli epimastigotes (TrIE); and challenged with highly pathogenic T. cruzi (SylvioX10/4) isolate. Dogs given TrIE or empty pcDNA3.1 were used as controls. We monitored post-vaccination and post-challenge infection antibody response by an ELISA, parasitemia by blood analysis and xenodiagnosis, and heart function by electrocardiography. Post-mortem anatomic and pathologic evaluation of the heart was conducted. TcVac4 induced a strong IgG response (IgG2>IgG1) that was significantly expanded post-infection, and moved to a nearly balanced IgG2/IgG1 response in chronic phase. In comparison, dogs given TrIE or empty plasmid DNA only developed high IgG titers with IgG2 predominance in response to T. cruzi infection. Blood parasitemia, tissue parasite foci, parasite transmission to triatomines, electrocardiographic abnormalities were significantly lower in TcVac4-vaccinated dogs than was observed in dogs given TrIE or empty plasmid DNA only. Macroscopic and microscopic alterations, the hallmarks of chronic Chagas disease, were significantly decreased in the myocardium of TcVac4-vaccinated dogs.We conclude that TcVac4 induced immunity was beneficial in providing resistance to T. cruzi infection, evidenced by control of chronic pathology of the heart and preservation of cardiac function in dogs. Additionally, TcVac4 vaccination decreased the transmission of parasites from vaccinated/infected animals to triatomines.CONACYT PROY No. 156701 UAEM PROY No. 2381/2006U National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases http://www.niaid.nih.gov/Pages/ default.aspx GRANT NUMBER (AI072538) NJG; American Heart Association http://www.heart.org/ HEARTORG/ GRANT NUMBER (0855059F) to NJG

Comportamiento reproductivo del Cebú Cubano Bermejo de la Empresa Genética Rescate de Sanguily del municipio Camagüey

Records of 3,075 deliveries between the years 1981 - 2002 were used in the herd 22 of Cebu Bermejo of the Genetic Rescue Company of Sanguily, aged 28 to 256 months, with the objective of determining the influence of non-genetic factors : number of births (12), time (6), year of delivery (22) and sex of the offspring (2) and as genetic factor the stallions (35). For the statistical analysis a linear model was used by the method of Minimum Squares (SPSS, 2001), estimating the general means and their standard deviations for each trait studied. Reproductive traits period of service (PS) and labor-delivery interval (IPP) were significantly affected (P <0.01) for the time of delivery and the stallion for the number of services per gestation (S / G). The general averages and their standard deviations were: PS (287.6 ± 17.16 days); IPP (572.9 ± 36.18 days); DG (285.3 ± 3.28 days) and S / G (1.8 ± 1.04) inseminations performed).Se utilizaron los registros de 3 075 partos comprendidos entre los años 1981 – 2002 en el rebaño 22 de Cebú Bermejo de la Empresa Genética Rescate de Sanguily, con edades de 28 a 256 meses, con el objetivo de determinar la influencia de los factores no genéticos: número de partos (12), época (6), año del parto (22) y sexo de las crías (2) y como factor genético los sementales (35). Para el análisis estadístico se empleó un modelo lineal por el método de los Mínimos Cuadrados (SPSS, 2001), estimándose las medias generales y sus desviaciones estándar para cada rasgo estudiado. Los rasgos reproductivos periodo de servicio (PS) e intervalo parto–parto (IPP) fueron afectados significativamente (P< 0.01) para la época del parto y el semental para el número de servicios por gestación (S/G). Las medias generales y sus desviaciones estándar fueron: PS (287.6 ±17.16 días); IPP (572.9 ± 36.18 días); DG (285.3 ± 3.28 días) y S/G (1.8 ± 1.04) inseminaciones realizadas)