Adenovirus 5 produces obesity and adverse metabolic, morphological, and functional changes in the long term in animals fed a balanced diet or a high‑fat diet: a study on hamsters

Adenovirus 5 (Ad-5) infection is a common cause of acute respiratory infections and the main vector used in gene therapy. There are few studies on the relationship of Ad-5 to obesity. In the present study, we evaluated the chronic effects of Ad-5 infection on golden (Syrian) hamsters fed either a balanced diet (BD) or a high-fat diet (HFD). After a single inoculation with Ad-5 (1 × 107 pfu), the body weight of the animals was measured weekly. Medium-term (22 weeks) serum biochemical analyses and long-term (44 weeks) liver morphology, adiposity, and locomotive functionality (movement velocity) assessments were carried out. In the animals fed the BD, adenovirus infection produced hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. In the long term, it produced a 57% increase in epididymal pad fat and a 30% body weight gain compared with uninoculated animals. In addition, morphological changes related to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) were observed. The animals fed the HFD had similar but more severe changes. In addition, the hamsters presented an obesity paradox: at the end of the study, the animals that had the most morphological and functional changes (significantly reduced movement velocity) had the lowest body weight. Despite the fact that an HFD appears to be a more harmful factor in the long term than adenovirus infection alone, infection could increase the severity of harmful effects in individuals with an HFD. Epidemiological studies are needed to evaluate the effect of adenovirus as a precursor of chronic liver and cardiovascular diseases, including the chronic effects of gene therapy

GENERACIÓN DE UN VECTOR ADENOVIRAL ONCOLÍTICO SELECTIVO PARA NEOPLASIAS SOBRE-EXPRESORAS DE STAT3

Facultad de Medicin

Influence of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (PPAR)-gamma Coactivator (PGC)-1 alpha gene rs8192678 polymorphism by gender on different health-related parameters in healthy young adults

This study aimed to analyze the influence of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma coactivator (PGC)-1 alpha (PPARGC1A) gene rs8192678 C > T polymorphism on different health-related parameters in male and female young adults. The PPARGC1A gene rs8192678 polymorphism was ascertained by polymerase chain reaction in 74 healthy adults (28 women; 22.72 +/- 4.40 years) from Andalusia (Spain). Health-related variables included cardiometabolic risk, anthropometry and body composition, biochemical parameters, insulin sensitivity (QUICKI and HOMA-IR indexes), blood pressure (BP) at rest and after exercise, diet, basal metabolism, physical activity, maximal fat oxidation, and cardiorespiratory fitness. Our results showed differences by PPARGC1A gene rs8192678 C > T polymorphism in body mass (p = 0.002), body mass index (p = 0.024), lean body mass (p = 0.024), body fat (p = 0.032), waist circumference (p = 0.020), and BP recovery ratio (p T polymorphism is associated with body composition, basal metabolism, total energy expenditure, and BP recovery, where the CC genotype confers a protective effect. Moreover, our study highlighted sexual dimorphism in the influence of PPARGC1A gene rs8192678 C > T polymorphism on the QUICKI index

Colombia in the Face of Sustainable Development Goals: Challenges from the Perspective of Human Rights

Próximos a cumplir el primer quinquenio de los quince años previstos para alcanzar el máximo resultado en la realización de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS), la Universidad del Rosario, en cabeza del Observatorio Legislativo y el Grupo de Investigación en Derechos Humanos, en asociación con la Fundación Hanns Seidel, ha brindado el espacio propicio de investigación para los estudiantes interesados en reflexionar, discutir y proponer trabajos académicos relacionados con los ODS. Así, este libro recoge las ponencias de los estudiantes ganadores del IX Concurso de Semilleros de Investigación, en procura de propiciar espacios académicos de fortalecimiento de la democracia, la institucionalidad y los derechos humanos, dentro de los cuales este concurso se destaca no solo por perdurabilidad en el tiempo, al atender temas coyunturales para el país, sino por la pertinencia de dar valor a la investigación como herramienta de cambio social y como instrumento pedagógico de enseñanza que debe fomentarse en la educación superior.Close to the end of the first five years of the fifteen-year period planned to get maximum results in the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the Universidad del Rosario—under the leadership of the Legislative Observatory and the Human Rights Research Group, in partnership with the Hanns Seidel Foundation—has opened up an appropriate research space for students interested in reflecting, discussing, and proposing academic works related to the SDGs. Thus, this book gathers the papers of a group of students who were the winners of the IX Research Incubator Contest, which sought to foster academic spaces for the strengthening of democracy, institutionality, and human rights; this contest stands out not only for its durability in time, dealing with relevant issues for the country, but also for its importance of giving value to research as a tool of social change and a pedagogical instrument that should be promoted in higher education

Statistical Data-Driven Model for Hardness Prediction in Austempered Ductile Irons

This research evaluates the effect of temperature and time austempering on microstructural characteristics and hardness of ductile iron, validating the results by means of a statistical method for hardness prediction. Ductile iron was subjected to austenitization at 950 °C for 120 min and then to austempering heat treatment in a salt bath at temperatures of 290, 320, 350 and 380 °C for 30, 60, 90 and 120 min. By increasing austempering temperature, a higher content of carbon-rich austenite was obtained, and the morphology of the thin acicular ferrite needles produced at 290 °C turned completely feathery at 350 and 380 °C. A thickening of acicular ferrite needles was also observed as austempering time increased. An inversely proportional behavior of hardness values was thus obtained, which was validated through data analysis, statistical tools and a regression model taking temperature and time austempering as input variables and hardness as the output variable, which achieved a correlation among variables of about 97%. The proposal of a mathematical model for the prediction of hardness in austempered ductile iron represents a numerical approximation which validates the experimental results at 95.20%

Reviews

Cardine, Vito. Gaspard Monge, padre dell’ingegnere contemporaneo (Por Antonio Álvaro Tordesillas) pp.4.-- Docci, Mario y Chiavoni, Emanuela . Saper leggere l’architettura (por Carlos Montes Serrano) pp.4-6.-- Goitia, Aitor. Le Corbusier. Fragmentos (Por Clara Maestre Galindo) pp.6.-- Jaén i Urban, Gaspar. Formació d’una ciutat moderna de grandària mitjana: Elx, 1740-1962. Del pont i el raval de Santa Teresa al Pla General d’Ordenació Urbana (Por Concepción López González) pp.7-8.-- Jouannais, Jean-Yves. El uso de las ruinas. Retratos obsidionales (Por Daniel Galván Desvaux) pp.8.-- Moreno Rodríguez, Ignacio. Dibujos mentales. Principios del universo creativo de Navarro Baldeweg (Por Fernando Linares García) pp.8-9.-- Gámiz Gordo, Antonio y Ruiz Padrón, LuisMálaga en las tarjetas postales de Purger & Co. hacia 1905 (Por José Mª Gentil Baldrich) pp.9-10.-- Torres Cueco, Jorge y Mejía Vallejo, Clara E. La recherche patiente. Le Corbusier. Cincuenta años después. Fifty years later (Por Joan Calduch) pp.10-11.-- Cundari, Cesare; et. al. La Villa Farnesina a Roma. L’invenzione di Baldassare Peruzzi (Por Pilar Chías Navarro) pp.11-12.-- Carlevalis, Laura. La ricerca nell’ambito della geometria descrittiva (Por Pilar Chías Navarro) pp.12-13.-- Alonso Rodríguez, Marta. Oviedo. Forma Urbis. Evolución urbana de su centro histórico a partir de permanencias y ausencias, y su tratamiento con el método de restitución infográfica (Por Pilar Chías Navarro) pp.13.-- XIV Congreso de la Unione Italiana per il Disegno (UID) Nápoles 14-17 de Septiembre 2017 (Por Flavio Celis, Ernesto Echeverría) pp.14.-- La metrópoli soñada. La imagen del rascacielos en la publicidad de las revistas españolas de arquitectura y construcción de los años treinta. Biblioteca de la ETSAM 4 enero-30 abril 2017 (Por Javier Mosteiro) pp.15Álvaro Tordesillas, A.; Montes Serrano, C.; Maestre Galindo, C.; López González, C.; Galván Desvaux, D.; Linares García, F.; Gentil Baldrich, JM.... (2018). Reseñas de libros. EGA Expresión Gráfica Arquitectónica. 23(32):4-15. https://doi.org/10.4995/ega.2018.9874OJS415233

Histological changes caused by meclofenamic acid in androgen independent prostate cancer tumors: evaluation in a mouse model

ABSTRACT Meclofenamic acid is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that has shown therapeutic potential for different types of cancers, including androgen-independent prostate neoplasms. The antitumor effect of diverse nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs has been shown to be accompanied by histological and molecular changes that are responsible for this beneficial effect. The objective of the present work was to analyze the histological changes caused by meclofenamic acid in androgen-independent prostate cancer. Tumors were created in a nude mouse model using PC3 cancerous human cells. Meclofenamic acid (10 mg/kg/day; experimental group, n=5) or saline solution (control group, n=5) was administered intraperitoneally for twenty days. Histological analysis was then carried out on the tumors, describing changes in the cellular architecture, fibrosis, and quantification of cellular proliferation and tumor vasculature. Meclofenamic acid causes histological changes that indicate less tumor aggression (less hypercellularity, fewer atypical mitoses, and fewer nuclear polymorphisms), an increase in fibrosis, and reduced cellular proliferation and tumor vascularity. Further studies are needed to evaluate the molecular changes that cause the beneficial and therapeutic effects of meclofenamic acid in androgen-independent prostate cancer

Protective Effect of Neutral Electrolyzed Saline on Gentamicin-Induced Nephrotoxicity: Evaluation of Histopathologic Parameters in a Murine Model

Background and Objectives: Gentamicin (GM) is a nephrotoxic aminoglycoside. Neutral electrolyzed saline (SES) is a compound with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties. The objective of the present study was to evaluate whether kidney damage by GM can be prevented and/or reversed through the administration of SES. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out as a prospective, single-blind, five-arm, parallel-group, randomized, preclinical trial. The nephrotoxicity model was established in male BALB/c mice by administering GM at a dose of 100 mg/kg/day intraperitoneally for 30 days, concomitantly administering (+) SES or placebo (physiologic saline solution), and then administering SES for another 30 days after the initial 30 days of GM plus SES or placebo. At the end of the test, the mice were euthanized, and renal tissues were evaluated histopathologically. Results: The GM + placebo group showed significant tubular injury, interstitial fibrosis, and increased interstitial infiltrate of inflammatory cells compared with the group without GM. Tubular injury and interstitial fibrosis were lower in the groups that received concomitant GM + SES compared with the GM + placebo group. SES administration for 30 days after the GM administration periods (GM + placebo and GM + SES for 30 days) did not reduce nephrotoxicity. Conclusions: Intraperitoneal administration of SES prevents gentamicin-induced histologic nephrotoxicity when administered concomitantly, but it cannot reverse the damage when administered later