DIFFERENCES BETWEEN MEN AND WOMEN WITH A DISMISSING ATTACHMENT STYLE REGARDING THEIR ATTITUDES AND BEHAVIOUR IN ROMANTIC RELATIONSHIPS.

R esearch to date has revealed that the association between gender, attachment and the quality and functioning of intimate relationships is complex. This study examined the relationship between gender and attachment styles in attitudes to communication with one’s partner and in the number of past relationships in a sample of 746 Spanish undergraduates. The Relationship Questionnaire was administered to them to determine the adult attachment style. The results revealed the existence of differences according to the adult attachment style and gender with regard to the two measured variables, and a significant effect of the interaction between gender and attachment. Dismissing men reported the highest average scores in the number of past relationships, with significant differences appearing when they were compared with secure and preoccupied men. However, dismissing women did not differ from the rest of the women with other attachment styles. When men and women with the same attachment styles were compared in this variable, the only significant differences were found between dismissing men and women (with the latter reporting fewer partners). In the case of attitudes to expressing feelings to one’s partner, dismissing men reported the most negative attitudes, compared with secure and preoccupied men. Dismissing women, unlike the men, did not differ in their attitudes either from preoccupied or fearful women. Moreover, clear differences were shown between dismissing men and women in these attitudes (more negative in the case of men)

Differences Between and Within Genders in Gender Role Orientation According to Age and Level of Education

This study analyses the masculinity and femininity in a Spanish simple made upof 164 adult workers (88menand 76 women). To be specific, the objective was to demonstrate whether age and level of education were related to differences in masculinity and femininity, both when comparing between the two genders and when the comparisons are made within the same gender. The results indicated that the two variables predicted differences in women, but not in men. There were only differences between genders in masculinity and femininity between the ages of 20 and 39, and when the level of education is low. The results appear to support Hofstede’s hypothesis that there are fewer differences between genders in gender role orientation in feminine countries

PERCEIVED BENEFITS AND COSTS OF ROMANTIC RELATIONSHIPS FOR YOUNG PEOPLE:DIFFERENCES BY ADULT ATTACHMENT STYLE

Bowlby’s attachment theory suggested that the attachment experiences of early childhood influence adult approaches to close relationships. As a result of these experiences, the child develops typical mental schemas or internal working models. The aim of this study was to analyze how young people with different attachment styles perceive the benefits and costs involved in spending as much time as possible with their partner, and to determine whether their beliefs reflect the internal working models associated with their attachment style. A sample of 1,539 university students responded to the Relationship Questionnaire (Bartholomew & Horowith, 1991), and to a questionnaire about behavioral beliefs (perceived benefits and costs). Results show that young people with different attachment styles hold different beliefs about the consequences derived from engaging in a specific behavior in romantic relationships. Secure and preoccupied individuals perceived more benefits than costs associated with the behavior, whereas dismissing and fearful individuals perceived more costs than benefits. Furthermore, secure and preoccupied individuals rated those behavioral consequences leading to enhanced intimacy or closeness more positively than avoidant individuals, whereas dismissing individuals rated more negatively those consequences that involved a loss of independence. These results confirm that a congruity exists between the beliefs associated with the behavior studied and the internal working models related to each adult attachment style

Algunas consideraciones sobre la medida de la actividad colinesterasa eritrocitaria humana por la técnica del pH-START

It has been presented an intralaboratory quality control result to the determination of the human erytrocytes cholinesterase activity by the pH-stat technique. It indicated the necessity of carryng out these controls mainly when the cholinesterase activity is used as indicator of the organophosphorus plaguicides polution, what requires the continued analysis of a high samples number. It has similarly been studied the influence of measure time in the cholinesterase activity and the best concentration of substrate is confirmed.Se presenta el resultado de un control de calidad intralaboratorio aplicado a la determinación de la actividad colinesterasa eritrocitaria humana por la técnica del pH-stat. Se pone de manifiesto la necesidad de realizar este tipo de controles, sobre todo cuando se utiliza la actividad colinesterasa como indicador de contaminación por plaguicidas organofosforados, lo que requiere el análisis continuado de un elevado número de muestras. Igualmente se estudia la influencia del tiempo de medida en la actividad colinesterasa y se confirma la concentración óptima de sustrato

Algunas consideraciones sobre la medida de la actividad colinesterasa eritrocitaria humana por la técnica del pH-START

Se presenta el resultado de un control de calidad intralaboratorio aplicado a la determinación de la actividad colinesterasa eritrocitaria humana por la técnica del pH-stat. Se pone de manifiesto la necesidad de realizar este tipo de controles, sobre todo cuando se utiliza la actividad colinesterasa como indicador de contaminación por plaguicidas organofosforados, lo que requiere el análisis continuado de un elevado número de muestras. Igualmente se estudia la influencia del tiempo de medida en la actividad colinesterasa y se confirma la concentración óptima de sustrato.It has been presented an intralaboratory quality control result to the determination of the human erytrocytes cholinesterase activity by the pH-stat technique. It indicated the necessity of carryng out these controls mainly when the cholinesterase activity is used as indicator of the organophosphorus plaguicides polution, what requires the continued analysis of a high samples number. It has similarly been studied the influence of measure time in the cholinesterase activity and the best concentration of substrate is confirme

Electronic document readers

This is both a historical overview of reader devices of electronic documents and a description of the current technology characterized by the so called “electronic paper”. Gyricon technologies are analysed as well as the electrophoretic screens and devices that use the electrowetting principle. A wide variety of file formats compatible with the different kinds of reader devices are shown, as well as the problems derived from reader incompatibility. The more outstanding models available in the market and their services are also described. A reflection is proposed about the different usages and their effectiveness, document dissemination, and the expectations that the e-readers have created regarding future development. Nowadays these devices make the reading of electronic documents easier and more comfortable

Study of the use of a new exopolysaccharide obtained from Paenibacillus jamilae in food additives

Paenibacillus jamilae es una nueva especie bacteriana formadora de esporas, recientemente descrita por nuestro grupo de investigación y aislada a partir de una muestra de compost de maíz tratado con alpechín. P. jamilae es capaz de producir un nuevo exopolisacárido (EPS) en medio con sacarosa como única fuente de carbono. Este nuevo EPS ofrece algunas características reológicas de interés. La suspensión de este EPS en leche entera al 1% (p/V) presentó una viscosidad 5.7 veces mayor a la ofrecida en agua destilada a la misma concentración y mostró un claro carácter pseudoplástico. El gel formado con carragenanos, polímeros muy utilizados en la industria alimentaria, presentó buenas características en su aplicación como posible aditivo alimentario por una menor pérdida de agua.Paenibacillus jamilae is an endospore-forming strain isolated from corn-compost treated with olive-mill wastewater (“alpechín”). This strain has been recently described by our research group. A new exopolysaccharide (EPS) was produced from Paenibacillus jamilae when grown in a medium containing sucrose as a sole carbon source. This EPS presents interesting rheological properties. The suspension of this EPS in milk at 1% (p/V) showed an interesting viscosity and a pseudoplastic behaviour. The gel formed with carrageenan, polymer used in the food industry, revealed good characteristics for its use as a possible food additive due to its lower water loss.La investigación fue llevada a cabo gracias al Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología, España (proyectos OLI96-2189 y REN2000-1502)

Candida albicans: genetics, dimorphism and pathogenicity

Candida albicans is a dimorphic fungus that causes severe opportunistic infections in humans. Recent advances in molecular biology techniques applied to this organism (transformation systems, gene disruption strategies, new reporter systems, regulatable promoters) allow a better knowledge of both the molecular basis of dimorphism and the role of specific genes in Candida morphogenesis. These same molecular approaches together with the development of appropriate experimental animal models to analyze the virulence of particular mutants, may help to understand the molecular basis of Candida virulence