66 research outputs found
Levetiracetam as an alternative therapy for Tourette syndrome
Tourette syndrome is a common childhood-onset neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by chronic tics and frequent comorbid conditions such as attention deficit disorder. Most currently used tic-suppressing drugs are frequently associated with serious adverse events. Thus, alternative therapeutic agents with more favorable side-effect profiles are being evaluated. New hypotheses and recent studies involving GABAergic system in the pathophysiology of Tourette syndrome suppose a reason for the evaluation of GABAergic drugs. Levetiracetam is a drug with an atypical GABAergic mechanism of action that might be expected to improve tics. Although trials performed to evaluate the efficacy of levetiracetam in the treatment of Tourette syndrome have provided conflicting results, it may be useful in some patients. The established safe profile of levetiracetam makes this drug an alternative for treatment if intolerance to currently used drugs appears, but additional evaluation with larger and longer duration controlled studies are necessary to assess the real efficacy in patients with Tourette syndrome
Objective Quantification of Posterior Capsule Opacification after Cataract Surgery, with Optical Coherence Tomography
PURPOSE: To evaluate posterior capsule opacification (PCO) in humans after
cataract surgery with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation, by using optical
coherence tomography (OCT-1). METHODS: Sixty-six eyes with PCO and 20 eyes with a
normal posterior capsule were analyzed. A 3-mm-long horizontal scan of the
posterior capsule was obtained. Measurements at three points and their average
were recorded. Intraoperator and interoperator reliabilities were assessed.
Investigated was peak intensity (PI) and posterior capsule thickening (PCT), with
PCT indicating the distance between two reflectivity spikes, with an approximate
axial resolution of 10 microm. Results were compared with visual acuity (VA) and
PCO type. RESULTS: Intraoperator reliability was 0.59 and 0.97 for average PI and
PCT, respectively. The interoperator concordance correlation coefficient was 0.70
and 0.82 for average PI and PCT, respectively. Median (interquartile range)
intensities of the reflectivity spike were 16.88 (dB) (range, 12.88-20.41) and
11.9 (8.58-14.28), respectively, in the PCO and control eyes (P = 0.001). PCT was
found in PCO eyes (median: 86.13 microm; range, 46.33-115.33), whereas no second
spike appeared in control eyes (P = 0.001). The area under the receiver operating
characteristic curve of the average PCT for differentiating pearl-type from
fibrosis-type PCO was 0.87 (P = 0.001). For a cutoff point of 55.3 microm, the
sensitivity was 97.5%, and the specificity was 69%. Worse VA correlated
significantly only with larger PCT (r(o) = 0.66; P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: OCT-1
appears useful to quantitate PCO. In addition, this system seems to discriminate
between different types of PCO. PCT may be a previously unrecognized factor in VA
degradation
The development and first validation of the “Preterm social, cognitive, health and learning outcomes” (Pre-School) socioeconomics indicators inventory
Background: The consequences of preterm birth, to the individual and society at large, remain a major financial, emotional, social and personal burden in all countries. A complex infuence network between the family socioeconomic status, nutrition and infant social interactions determines early childhood environment. The socioeconomic characteristics of families and households define much of the starting conditions and the posible future development of any newborn.
Aim: To develop a socioeconomics indicators inventory specifically focused on preterm children, in order to characterize their early childhood environment to evaluate potential social affordances of infants under 24 months of age.
Methods: The process was divided into four phases: questionnaire development (items and domains generation), pilot testing, validation and exploratory analysis. The final version of the PRE-SCHOOL questionnaire consisted of 190 items, each related to one or more of eight domains (personal data, family situation, health status, economical situation, level of education, social network, leisure and residence conditions). For the exploratory and validation analysis, 52 children were recruited. The parent interview was conducted by two specially trained social workers when the child reached 24 months of age. Internal consistency of the questionnaire was high for all domains (Cronbach’s a coefficient of 0.964).
Conclusions: The social and economic contexts define spaces of possibility that directly affect the evolution and life development of each newborn. The PRE-SCHOOL socioeconomics indicators inventory improves the anamnesis process in preterm infants at risk of cognitive impairement. We need to increased socioecnomical informations of the early childhood enviroment in order to propose focused family-centred cost-effective interventions to improve cognitive development
Amniotic membrane transplantation with fibrin glue as treatment of refractory conjunctivochalasis
Case report: A 63-year-old man with bilateral conjunctivochalasis
presented with tearing, irritation,
foreign body sensation and a delayed fluorescein
clearance test. After no symptomatic improvement
with topical treatment, surgery was carried out,
with amniotic membrane transplantation and fibrin
sealant.
Discussion: Conjunctivochalasis is a frequent
disorder that shares symptoms with dry eye syndrome.
When there is no response to topical treatment,
surgical treatment is needed. The surgical technique
described by Tseng, and based on amniotic membrane
transplantation without suture, resulted in a
very useful response, due to less inflammation and
a rapid resolution and improvement of symptom
MetodologĂas conversacionales participativas al servicio de la transformaciĂłn de conflictos
Los conflictos no son inherentes al ser humano, ni a las relaciones sociales, ni a la sociedad. Esta afirmaciĂłn no es una cuestiĂłn baladĂ, ya que si el conflicto fuese inherente a la vida humana no habrĂa más remedio que intentar vivir lo mejor posible con Ă©l, pero si no lo es, si es contingente, se pueden adoptar medidas para que Ă©ste no tenga lugar o para transformarlo si se ha producido. Una cosa son las contradicciones/oposiciones internas de la vida, los desequilibrios o las crisis, que sĂ son consustanciales con la vida biolĂłgica y social, y, otra, los conflictos. El conflicto es una sustantiva realidad relacional entre sujetos, que puede presentarse cuando las necesidades sociales no son atendidas de modo sinĂ©rgico. Si bien, no será apelando a la buena voluntad de quienes atienden sus necesidades de modo violador o destructor como, asĂ, sin más, dejarán de hacerlo, ni necesariamente quienes padecen el malestar abogarán porque sean atendidas las necesidades de manera sinĂ©rgica; pues podrán decantarse por otros modos de atenderlas sin que el conflicto se transforme de manera satisfactoria para el conjunto de la sociedad. Para que asĂ sea, se ha de acabar o, al menos, disminuir sustancialmente, la base que sustenta el modo de atender las necesidades de manera violadora o destructora. Para tal fin se ha de implicar no solo a las realidades grupales afines a quienes padecen el malestar, sino, tambiĂ©n, a las realidades grupales que se encuentran distantes e indiferentes, procurando despertar el interĂ©s de quienes están ajenos. La implementaciĂłn de procesos participativos conversacionales de construcciĂłn de conocimiento y propuestas de actuaciĂłn con las que evitar los conflictos o transformarlos satisfactoriamente (si ya han cristalizado) puede coadyuvar a ello
Regeneración de la superficie ocular: stem cells/células madre y técnicas reconstructivas Regeneration of the ocular
La cĂłrnea es un tejido transparente constituido
microscĂłpicamente por 5 capas bien diferenciadas. El
epitelio corneal es esencial para la transparencia corneal
y se encuentra en continua renovaciĂłn a lo largo
de la vida a partir de la población de células madre limbocorneales.
La localización de estas células madre
limbocorneales parece residir en las capas basales del
epitelio limbocorneal, de vital importancia para mantener
el microambiente de estas células madre limbocorneales,
que depende de una variedad de factores
intrĂnsecos y extrĂnsecos. La insuficiencia lĂmbica se
produce cuando ocurre una pérdida parcial o total de
estas células madre limbocorneales. Este cuadro lleva
a una opacificación corneal con la consiguiente pérdida
de visiĂłn. En estos casos, el trasplante corneal
supone Ăşnicamente un reemplazo temporal del epitelio
corneal; es necesario llevar a cabo un tratamiento
previo con trasplante de limbo autólogo o alogénico,
que permita regenerar la población de células limbocorneales
dañadas. Para disminuir el riesgo que supone
el trasplante de limbo en el ojo donante, se han propuesto
técnicas de cultivo de células limbocorneales a
partir de pequeñas biopsias limbocorneales
OftalmopatĂa tiroidea: determinaciĂłn de parámetros de actividad clĂnica de la oftalmopatĂa tiroidea como factor pronĂłstico de respuesta al tratamiento inmunosupresor
Objective: To determine the usefulness of the clinical, biochemical and thyroid imaging parameters in patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy, in predicting their response to immunosuppressive treatment.
Methods: This retrospective study of 16 patients with thyroid ophthalmopathy considered a number of variables including sex, age, thyroid hormone levels, treatment of the thyroid dysfunction, clinical activity score (CAS), severity (NOSPECS) of the ophthalmopathy, signs in standardized A-mode ultrasonography, in CAT and/or NMR, and previously used treatments and their effectiveness.
Results: The average age of the patients was 50.81 (S.D: 11.89) years; there were 5 males (31.3%) and 11 females (68.8%). The ophthalmopathy was classified as active in 10/16 patients (62.5%) and inactive in 6/16 (37.5%); and as moderate in 9/16 (56.25%) and severe in 7/16 (43.75%) according to the severity defined in NOSPECS. Ultrasonography was diagnostic in 100% of the cases.
The severity decreased significantly (p ≤ 0.05), however the clinical activity decrease did not reach significance (p=0.38) during immunosuppressive therapy. Better results were obtained during treatment of patients with a higher CAS (p=0.04) and in those with more severe ophthalmopathy (p=0.02). There was a tendency for the patients with higher levels of TSI to respond better to the treatment (p=0.06).
Conclusions: The CAS is the best parameter to quantify the activity of the disease and predicting the response to treatment. The higher the CAS and the more severe the ophthalmopathy, the better the response to treatment. No association existed between thyroid function and the activity or severity of the ophthalmopathy; or the effectiveness of treatmen
Retinal thickness study with optical coherence tomography in patients with diabetes
To quantitatively assess retinal thickness by optical coherence
tomography (OCT) in normal subjects and patients with diabetes. This study was
intended to determine which retinal thickness value measured with OCT best
discriminates between diabetic eyes, with and without macular edema. METHODS: OCT
retinal thickness was measured by a manual technique in a total of 26 healthy
volunteers (44 control eyes) and 85 patients with diabetes (148 eyes) with the
clinical diagnosis of no diabetic retinopathy (45 eyes), nonproliferative
diabetic retinopathy without clinically significant macular edema (CSME; 54
eyes), proliferative diabetic retinopathy without CSME (21 eyes), and 28 eyes
with diabetic retinopathy with CSME. Independent predictors of the presence of
CSME were quantified by using univariate and multivariate logistic regression
analyses. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated to
evaluate and compare the predictor variables. The correlation of retinal
thickness measurements and visual acuity was calculated. RESULTS: There were
statistically significant differences in foveal thickness between control eyes
and all the other eye groups (P = 0.001). Diabetic eyes with CSME had a
statistically significant greater thickness in each of the areas compared with
the other groups. In a multivariate logistic regression model, foveal thickness
was a strong and independent predictor of CSME (odds ratio [OR], 1.037; 95%
confidence interval [CI] 1.02-1.05). The area under the ROC curve of this
predictor variable was 0.94 (P = 0.001). For a cutoff point of 180 microm, the
sensitivity was 93%, and specificity was 75%. Foveal thickness correlated with
visual acuity in a log minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) scale (Spearman's rho
= 0.9, P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that foveal thickening over
180 microm measured by OCT may be useful for the early detection of macular
thickening and may be an indicator for a closer follow-up of the patient with
diabetes
Cirrus high-definition optical coherence tomography compared with Stratus optical coherence tomography in glaucoma diagnosis
To compare the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) evaluation using Cirrus
optical coherence tomography (OCT) and Stratus OCT in glaucoma diagnosis.
METHODS: One hundred thirty normal and 86 patients with glaucoma were included in
this prospective study. The signal strengths of the OCTs were evaluated. The
sensitivities and specificities of global RNFL average thickness were compared in
the four quadrants and in each clock hour sector. Receiver operating
characteristic (ROC) curves, areas under the ROC (AUC), and the likelihood ratio
(LR) were plotted for RNFL thickness. Agreement between the OCTs was calculated
by using the Bland-Altman method and kappa (kappa) coefficient. RESULTS:
Twenty-three percent of all cases examined with Stratus OCT and 1.9% examined
with Cirrus OCT had a signal strength below 6 (P = 0.01). In cases with signal
strengths > or =6, the mean signal strength was higher with Cirrus OCT than with
Stratus OCT (P = 0.01). The RNFL measurements by Cirrus were thicker than those
of Stratus OCT (P < 0.05). The AUCs were 0.829 for Stratus and 0.837 for Cirrus
OCT (P = 0.706) for global RNFL average. LRs were similar in both OCTs in global
RNFL classification but varied in quadrants. The widths of the limits of
agreement varied between 42.16 and 97.79 microm. There was almost perfect
agreement (kappa = 0.82) in the average RNFL classification. CONCLUSIONS: Cirrus
OCT has better scan quality than Stratus OCT, especially in glaucomatous eyes. In
cases with good-quality scans, the sensitivity and specificity, and AUCs were
similar. The best agreement was in the global average RNFL classification. The
widths of limits of agreements exceed the limits of resolution of the OCTs
Integración espacial y cointegración: una aplicación al mercado de cereales en España.
Postprint (published version
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