Deliverable DJRA1.3: Tool prototype for creating and stitching multiple network resources for virtual infrastructures

This document describes the prototype FEDERICA Slice Tool developed for the virtualization of network elements in FEDERICA and for creating and stitching network resources over this virtual infrastructure. An SNMP-based resource discovery prototype is also introduced as a new functionality to be integrated in the tool.The deliverable also presents aviability study for the use of traffic prioritization in the FEDERICA infrastructure and some network performance measurements on a real slice within FEDERICA.This document reports the final results of JRA1.2 Activity in the development of a tool prototype for creating sets ofvirtual resourcesinFEDERICA.The prototype goal is to simplify and automate part of the work for NOC.The tool may also serve,with different privileges, a FEDERICA user to operate on his/her slice. The tool described here was designed with the objective of providing an interactive application with a graphical interface to operate on resources for the NOC and the end users (researchers). The tool simplify the creation and configuration of resources in a slice and it is a mandatory step to ensure scalability of the NOC effort. It offers an interactive Graphical User Interface that translates the users’ actions to commands in the substrate (networknodesandV-nodes)andslice elements(VirtualMachines).User accounts may be created for the NOC and for researchers, each with specific privileges to enable different sets of capabilities. The NOC account has full access to all the resources in the substrate, while each user’account has full access only to the virtual resources in his/her slice. The tool has been developed using the Java programming language as Open Source code and relies on the open source Globus® Toolkit. Testing has been performed in a laboratory environment and on some FEDERICA substrate equipment (1switch, 2VMwareServers) in their standard configuration. For testing the router, web services and GUI an additional computer was used, using a public IP address.Postprint (published version

Herramientas para virtualización y suministro de red a nivel 2

Este PFC se centra en las herramientas para crear virtual slices y satisfacer las necesidades de la infraestructura y del cliente en la capa de enlace de datos (nivel dos de la pila OSI). Es una de las funcionalidades de la aplicación completa de FEDERICA (tool-bench) que se encarga de suministrar y gestionar las redes virtualizadas (slices). Es importante que dicha gestión sea lo más centralizada posible. Es decir, que desde un mismo punto de control (NOC) se pueda estructurar toda la red. En este proyecto se configuran los switchs, los cuales pueden estar repartidos por toda la comunidad europea (aquellos países implicados en FEDERICA). Con lo cual, los objetivos específicos del PFC son: 1. Implementar una herramienta que configure los switchs que se encuentran dentro de la infraestructura de FEDERICA. Es un programa en Java que se comunica con los dispositivos vía SSH y NetConf y que es capaz de ejecutar las órdenes de configuración. Debe gestionar VLANs y parametrizar los puertos del switch. También debe mantener el estado de los dispositivos; para ello se hace una petición de su configuración al dispositivo parseando los resultados (devueltos por el switch en XML) y volcándolos en las clases Java correspondientes. Para llevar a cabo la labor, el objetivo se divido en varias partes: a. Estudio de los requisitos: Averiguar los comandos que se tienen que enviar a cada switch en el escenario de FEDERICA y agruparlos en acciones. b. Implementación del modelo del switch: El modelo tiene que capturar todo aquello que sea relevante para FEDERICA: configuraciones, inventario… c. Implementación de las acciones y los comandos para los switchs: basados en los requisitos obtenidos del primer sub-objetivo. d. Tests: validación del modelo (engine) mediante tests JUnit

Deliverable DJRA1.2. Solutions and protocols proposal for the network control, management and monitoring in a virtualized network context

This deliverable presents several research proposals for the FEDERICA network, in different subjects, such as monitoring, routing, signalling, resource discovery, and isolation. For each topic one or more possible solutions are elaborated, explaining the background, functioning and the implications of the proposed solutions.This deliverable goes further on the research aspects within FEDERICA. First of all the architecture of the control plane for the FEDERICA infrastructure will be defined. Several possibilities could be implemented, using the basic FEDERICA infrastructure as a starting point. The focus on this document is the intra-domain aspects of the control plane and their properties. Also some inter-domain aspects are addressed. The main objective of this deliverable is to lay great stress on creating and implementing the prototype/tool for the FEDERICA slice-oriented control system using the appropriate framework. This deliverable goes deeply into the definition of the containers between entities and their syntax, preparing this tool for the future implementation of any kind of algorithm related to the control plane, for both to apply UPB policies or to configure it by hand. We opt for an open solution despite the real time limitations that we could have (for instance, opening web services connexions or applying fast recovering mechanisms). The application being developed is the central element in the control plane, and additional features must be added to this application. This control plane, from the functionality point of view, is composed by several procedures that provide a reliable application and that include some mechanisms or algorithms to be able to discover and assign resources to the user. To achieve this, several topics must be researched in order to propose new protocols for the virtual infrastructure. The topics and necessary features covered in this document include resource discovery, resource allocation, signalling, routing, isolation and monitoring. All these topics must be researched in order to find a good solution for the FEDERICA network. Some of these algorithms have started to be analyzed and will be expanded in the next deliverable. Current standardization and existing solutions have been investigated in order to find a good solution for FEDERICA. Resource discovery is an important issue within the FEDERICA network, as manual resource discovery is no option, due to scalability requirement. Furthermore, no standardization exists, so knowledge must be obtained from related work. Ideally, the proposed solutions for these topics should not only be adequate specifically for this infrastructure, but could also be applied to other virtualized networks.Postprint (published version

Valoración de las metodologías y herramientas docentes por el alumnado. Impulso del mentoring para profesores en la enseñanza online y presencial

Depto. de Derecho CivilFac. de DerechoFALSEsubmitte

Herramientas para virtualización y suministro de red a nivel 2

Este PFC se centra en las herramientas para crear virtual slices y satisfacer las necesidades de la infraestructura y del cliente en la capa de enlace de datos (nivel dos de la pila OSI). Es una de las funcionalidades de la aplicación completa de FEDERICA (tool-bench) que se encarga de suministrar y gestionar las redes virtualizadas (slices). Es importante que dicha gestión sea lo más centralizada posible. Es decir, que desde un mismo punto de control (NOC) se pueda estructurar toda la red. En este proyecto se configuran los switchs, los cuales pueden estar repartidos por toda la comunidad europea (aquellos países implicados en FEDERICA). Con lo cual, los objetivos específicos del PFC son: 1. Implementar una herramienta que configure los switchs que se encuentran dentro de la infraestructura de FEDERICA. Es un programa en Java que se comunica con los dispositivos vía SSH y NetConf y que es capaz de ejecutar las órdenes de configuración. Debe gestionar VLANs y parametrizar los puertos del switch. También debe mantener el estado de los dispositivos; para ello se hace una petición de su configuración al dispositivo parseando los resultados (devueltos por el switch en XML) y volcándolos en las clases Java correspondientes. Para llevar a cabo la labor, el objetivo se divido en varias partes: a. Estudio de los requisitos: Averiguar los comandos que se tienen que enviar a cada switch en el escenario de FEDERICA y agruparlos en acciones. b. Implementación del modelo del switch: El modelo tiene que capturar todo aquello que sea relevante para FEDERICA: configuraciones, inventario… c. Implementación de las acciones y los comandos para los switchs: basados en los requisitos obtenidos del primer sub-objetivo. d. Tests: validación del modelo (engine) mediante tests JUnit

Herramientas para virtualización y suministro de red a nivel 2

Este PFC se centra en las herramientas para crear virtual slices y satisfacer las necesidades de la infraestructura y del cliente en la capa de enlace de datos (nivel dos de la pila OSI). Es una de las funcionalidades de la aplicación completa de FEDERICA (tool-bench) que se encarga de suministrar y gestionar las redes virtualizadas (slices). Es importante que dicha gestión sea lo más centralizada posible. Es decir, que desde un mismo punto de control (NOC) se pueda estructurar toda la red. En este proyecto se configuran los switchs, los cuales pueden estar repartidos por toda la comunidad europea (aquellos países implicados en FEDERICA). Con lo cual, los objetivos específicos del PFC son: 1. Implementar una herramienta que configure los switchs que se encuentran dentro de la infraestructura de FEDERICA. Es un programa en Java que se comunica con los dispositivos vía SSH y NetConf y que es capaz de ejecutar las órdenes de configuración. Debe gestionar VLANs y parametrizar los puertos del switch. También debe mantener el estado de los dispositivos; para ello se hace una petición de su configuración al dispositivo parseando los resultados (devueltos por el switch en XML) y volcándolos en las clases Java correspondientes. Para llevar a cabo la labor, el objetivo se divido en varias partes: a. Estudio de los requisitos: Averiguar los comandos que se tienen que enviar a cada switch en el escenario de FEDERICA y agruparlos en acciones. b. Implementación del modelo del switch: El modelo tiene que capturar todo aquello que sea relevante para FEDERICA: configuraciones, inventario… c. Implementación de las acciones y los comandos para los switchs: basados en los requisitos obtenidos del primer sub-objetivo. d. Tests: validación del modelo (engine) mediante tests JUnit

Deliverable DJRA1.3: Tool prototype for creating and stitching multiple network resources for virtual infrastructures

This document describes the prototype FEDERICA Slice Tool developed for the virtualization of network elements in FEDERICA and for creating and stitching network resources over this virtual infrastructure. An SNMP-based resource discovery prototype is also introduced as a new functionality to be integrated in the tool.The deliverable also presents aviability study for the use of traffic prioritization in the FEDERICA infrastructure and some network performance measurements on a real slice within FEDERICA.This document reports the final results of JRA1.2 Activity in the development of a tool prototype for creating sets ofvirtual resourcesinFEDERICA.The prototype goal is to simplify and automate part of the work for NOC.The tool may also serve,with different privileges, a FEDERICA user to operate on his/her slice. The tool described here was designed with the objective of providing an interactive application with a graphical interface to operate on resources for the NOC and the end users (researchers). The tool simplify the creation and configuration of resources in a slice and it is a mandatory step to ensure scalability of the NOC effort. It offers an interactive Graphical User Interface that translates the users’ actions to commands in the substrate (networknodesandV-nodes)andslice elements(VirtualMachines).User accounts may be created for the NOC and for researchers, each with specific privileges to enable different sets of capabilities. The NOC account has full access to all the resources in the substrate, while each user’account has full access only to the virtual resources in his/her slice. The tool has been developed using the Java programming language as Open Source code and relies on the open source Globus® Toolkit. Testing has been performed in a laboratory environment and on some FEDERICA substrate equipment (1switch, 2VMwareServers) in their standard configuration. For testing the router, web services and GUI an additional computer was used, using a public IP address

Deliverable DJRA1.2. Solutions and protocols proposal for the network control, management and monitoring in a virtualized network context

This deliverable presents several research proposals for the FEDERICA network, in different subjects, such as monitoring, routing, signalling, resource discovery, and isolation. For each topic one or more possible solutions are elaborated, explaining the background, functioning and the implications of the proposed solutions.This deliverable goes further on the research aspects within FEDERICA. First of all the architecture of the control plane for the FEDERICA infrastructure will be defined. Several possibilities could be implemented, using the basic FEDERICA infrastructure as a starting point. The focus on this document is the intra-domain aspects of the control plane and their properties. Also some inter-domain aspects are addressed. The main objective of this deliverable is to lay great stress on creating and implementing the prototype/tool for the FEDERICA slice-oriented control system using the appropriate framework. This deliverable goes deeply into the definition of the containers between entities and their syntax, preparing this tool for the future implementation of any kind of algorithm related to the control plane, for both to apply UPB policies or to configure it by hand. We opt for an open solution despite the real time limitations that we could have (for instance, opening web services connexions or applying fast recovering mechanisms). The application being developed is the central element in the control plane, and additional features must be added to this application. This control plane, from the functionality point of view, is composed by several procedures that provide a reliable application and that include some mechanisms or algorithms to be able to discover and assign resources to the user. To achieve this, several topics must be researched in order to propose new protocols for the virtual infrastructure. The topics and necessary features covered in this document include resource discovery, resource allocation, signalling, routing, isolation and monitoring. All these topics must be researched in order to find a good solution for the FEDERICA network. Some of these algorithms have started to be analyzed and will be expanded in the next deliverable. Current standardization and existing solutions have been investigated in order to find a good solution for FEDERICA. Resource discovery is an important issue within the FEDERICA network, as manual resource discovery is no option, due to scalability requirement. Furthermore, no standardization exists, so knowledge must be obtained from related work. Ideally, the proposed solutions for these topics should not only be adequate specifically for this infrastructure, but could also be applied to other virtualized networks

On the optimal allocation of virtual resources in cloud computing networks

© 2013 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other worksCloud computing builds upon advances on virtualization and distributed computing to support cost-efficient usage of computing resources, emphasizing on resource scalability and on demand services. Moving away from traditional data-center oriented models, distributed clouds extend over a loosely coupled federated substrate, offering enhanced communication and computational services to target end-users with quality of service (QoS) requirements, as dictated by the future Internet vision. Toward facilitating the efficient realization of such networked computing environments, computing and networking resources need to be jointly treated and optimized. This requires delivery of user-driven sets of virtual resources, dynamically allocated to actual substrate resources within networked clouds, creating the need to revisit resource mapping algorithms and tailor them to a composite virtual resource mapping problem. In this paper, toward providing a unified resource allocation framework for networked clouds, we first formulate the optimal networked cloud mapping problem as a mixed integer programming (MIP) problem, indicating objectives related to cost efficiency of the resource mapping procedure, while abiding by user requests for QoS-aware virtual resources. We subsequently propose a method for the efficient mapping of resource requests onto a shared substrate interconnecting various islands of computing resources, and adopt a heuristic methodology to address the problem. The efficiency of the proposed approach is illustrated in a simulation/emulation environment, that allows for a flexible, structured, and comparative performance evaluation. We conclude by outlining a proof-ofconcept realization of our proposed schema, mounted over the European future Internet test-bed FEDERICA, a resource virtualization platform augmented with network and computing facilities.This work has been partially supported by the European Commission, 7th Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development, Capacities, Grant No. 257867 - NOVI.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Cortical disinhibition in Parkinson's disease

In Parkinson's disease, striatal dopamine depletion produces profound alterations in the neural activity of the cortico-basal ganglia motor loop, leading to dysfunctional motor output and parkinsonism. A key regulator of motor output is the balance between excitation and inhibition in the primary motor cortex, which can be assessed in humans with transcranial magnetic stimulation techniques. Despite decades of research, the functional state of cortical inhibition in Parkinson's disease remains uncertain. Towards resolving this issue, we applied paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation protocols in 166 patients with Parkinson's disease (57 levodopa-naïve, 50 non-dyskinetic, 59 dyskinetic) and 40 healthy controls (age-matched with the levodopa-naïve group). All patients were studied OFF medication. All analyses were performed with fully automatic procedures to avoid confirmation bias, and we systematically considered and excluded several potential confounding factors such as age, gender, resting motor threshold, EMG background activity and amplitude of the motor evoked potential elicited by the single-pulse test stimuli. Our results show that short-interval intracortical inhibition is decreased in Parkinson's disease compared to controls. This reduction of intracortical inhibition was obtained with relatively low-intensity conditioning stimuli (80% of the resting motor threshold) and was not associated with any significant increase in short-interval intracortical facilitation or intracortical facilitation with the same low-intensity conditioning stimuli, supporting the involvement of cortical inhibitory circuits. Short-interval intracortical inhibition was similarly reduced in levodopa-naïve, non-dyskinetic and dyskinetic patients. Importantly, intracortical inhibition was reduced compared to control subjects also on the less affected side (n = 145), even in de novo drug-naïve patients in whom the less affected side was minimally symptomatic (lateralized Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale part III = 0 or 1, n = 23). These results suggest that cortical disinhibition is a very early, possibly prodromal feature of Parkinson's disease.Department of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness and Co-financed by the European Union (FEDER) “A way to make Europe” (grant SAF2017-86246-R MINECO/AEI/FEDER, UE), by “The Michael J. Fox Foundation” (grant 9205) and by Comunidad de Madrid (fellowship 2017-T2/BMD-5231).13.501 JCR (2020) Q1, 6/208 Clinical Neurology5.142 SJR (2020) Q1, 35/2446 Medicine (miscellaneous)No data IDR 2020UE