Introducción

There are miraculous encounters. Under the good auspices of Cartagena de Indias, collaboration began between the Francisco José de Caldas District University (Colombia) and the Jean-Jaurès University of Toulouse (France). In the framework of a meeting organized by the Colombian Association of Universities (ASCUN) entitled "A contribution to public policy on Doctoral training in Colombia", the University of Toulouse was invited to present the organization of the doctoral diploma in March 2015 in France, following a project newly coined in Toulouse as the School of Doctors. This school that brings together 4,500 doctoral students and 7,000 researchers could be an example to enhance the dynamics of research and innovation through doctoral studentsHay encuentros milagrosos. Bajo los buenos auspicios de Cartagena de Indias empezó la colaboración entre la Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas (Colombia) y la Universidad de Toulouse Jean-Jaurès (Francia). En el marco de un encuentro organizado por la Asociación Colombiana de Universidades (ASCUN) titulada “Un aporte a la política pública sobre la formación Doctoral en Colombia”, la Universidad de Toulouse fue invitada a presentar en marzo del 2015 la organización del diploma de doctorado en Francia, a raíz de un proyecto nuevamente acuñado en Toulouse como Escuela de Doctores. Esta escuela que reúne a 4.500 doctorandos y 7.000 investigadores podía ser un ejemplo para potenciar la dinámica de la investigación e innovación a través de los doctorandosExistem encontros milagrosos. Sob os bons auspícios de Cartagena das Índias, a colaboração começou entre a Universidade do Distrito Francisco José de Caldas (Colômbia) e a Universidade Jean-Jaurès de Toulouse (França). No âmbito de uma reunião organizada pela Associação Colombiana de Universidades (ASCUN) intitulada "Uma contribuição para as políticas públicas de formação de doutorado na Colômbia", a Universidade de Toulouse foi convidada a apresentar a organização do diploma de doutorado em março de 2015 na França, na sequência de um projeto recentemente cunhado em Toulouse como a Escola de Médicos. Esta escola que reúne 4.500 doutorandos e 7.000 pesquisadores pode ser um exemplo para aprimorar a dinâmica da pesquisa e inovação por meio de doutorando

The lung vascular filter as a site of immune induction for T cell responses to large embolic antigen

The bloodstream is an important route of dissemination of invading pathogens. Most of the small bloodborne pathogens, like bacteria or viruses, are filtered by the spleen or liver sinusoids and presented to the immune system by dendritic cells (DCs) that probe these filters for the presence of foreign antigen (Ag). However, larger pathogens, like helminths or infectious emboli, that exceed 20 µm are mostly trapped in the vasculature of the lung. To determine if Ag trapped here can be presented to cells of the immune system, we used a model of venous embolism of large particulate Ag (in the form of ovalbumin [OVA]-coated Sepharose beads) in the lung vascular bed. We found that large Ags were presented and cross-presented to CD4 and CD8 T cells in the mediastinal lymph nodes (LNs) but not in the spleen or liver-draining LNs. Dividing T cells returned to the lungs, and a short-lived infiltrate consisting of T cells and DCs formed around trapped Ag. This infiltrate was increased when the Toll-like receptor 4 was stimulated and full DC maturation was induced by CD40 triggering. Under these conditions, OVA-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses, as well as humoral immunity, were induced. The T cell response to embolic Ag was severely reduced in mice depleted of CD11chi cells or Ly6C/G+ cells but restored upon adoptive transfer of Ly6Chi monocytes. We conclude that the lung vascular filter represents a largely unexplored site of immune induction that traps large bloodborne Ags for presentation by monocyte-derived DCs

SITUATION ACTUELLE DE LA DELEGATION DE PAIEMENT PAR TELETRANSMISSION DANS UNE OFFICINE DU DEPARTEMENT DU RHONE (PERSPECTIVES POUR SESAM/VITALE)

LYON1-BU Santé (693882101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Conformational studies of pectins by small-angle neutron scattering

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