Spiritual and religious assistance to cancer patients in the hospital context

Objective: To investigate how patients with diagnosis of cancer conceive the religious/spiritual support in the hospital context. Methods: Exploratory study, with qualitative approach, conducted with patients affected by cancer, assisted in the Medical and Surgical Clinic of the University Hospital Lauro Wanderley (HULW/UFPB). Results: From the analysis of the qualitative data, after attentive readings of the speeches of the interviewed, the following thematic categories emerged: Category 1 - Meaning of the religious/spiritual support received during hospitalization; Category 2 - Promoters of the religious/spiritual support in the hospital environment; Category 3 - Participation in religious/spiritual activities during hospitalization. Conclusion: The results revealed that religiosity/spirituality is an important tactic in facing the oncologic disease, considering that the patients interviewed reported the positive meaning of the support received, because faith provides a constructive way of thinking. Thus, it was possible to evidence the relevance of the religious/spiritual support for oncologic patients during the hospital stay

Assistência espiritual e religiosa a pacientes com câncer no contexto hospitalar Spiritual and religious assistance to cancer patients in the hospital context

Objetivo: Investigar como pacientes com diagnóstico de câncer concebem o apoio religioso/espiritual no contexto hospitalar. Métodos: Estudo exploratório, com abordagem qualitativa, realizado com pacientes acometidos por câncer, assistidos na Clínica Médica e Cirúrgica do Hospital Universitário Lauro Wanderley - HULW/UFPB. Resultados: Da análise dos dados qualitativos, depois das leituras atentivas das falas dos entrevistados, emergiram as seguintes categorias temáticas: Categoria 1 - Significado do apoio religioso/espiritual recebido durante hospitalização; Categoria 2 - Promotores do apoio religioso/espiritual no ambiente hospitalar; Categoria 3 - Participação em atividades religiosas/espirituais durante hospitalização. Conclusão: Os resultados revelaram que a religiosidade/espiritualidade é uma tática importante no enfrentamento da doença oncológica, considerando que os pacientes entrevistados relataram o significado positivo do apoio recebido, pois a fé proporciona uma maneira de pensar construtiva. Assim, foi possível evidenciar a relevância do apoio religioso/espiritual para pacientes oncológicos durante a internação hospitala

Evolution of overload in mothers of children with congenital zika cirus syndrome / Evolução da sobrecarga de mães de crianças com síndrome congênita pelo zika vírus

Objective: To analyze the progress of the physical, emotional and social overload from mothers of children with Congenital Zika Virus Syndrome (CZVS). Method: 22 mothers and their respective sons with CZVS participated. They were inserted in a State Rehabilitation Center. Sociodemographic and clinical evaluations questionnaires were applied, the scale Gross Motor Function Classification System Scale (GMFCS), and Informal Caregiver Burden Assessment Questionnaire (ICBAQ). Results: there was an improvement in the mothers' burden of care in relation to the financial aspect (p<0.01) and a worsening in the mechanism of effectiveness and control (p=0.04) and satisfaction with the role and the family (p<0.01). Conclusion: The overload of caring from mothers of CZVS children presented improvement and worsening on different aspects during the follow-up period. The family support network should be strengthened and specialized care provided by a multidisciplinary team should be guaranteed. DESCRIPTORS: Zika virus; Overload; CaregiverObjetivo: analizar la evolución de la sobrecarga física, emocional y social de las madres de niños con Síndrome Congénito por el Virus Zika (SCZV). Método: Participaron 22 madres y sus respectivos hijos com SCZV, insertados em um Centro Estadual de Rehabilitación. Se aplicaron cuestionarios de evaluación demográfica, clínica y de sobrecarga del cuidador. Resultados: El estudio mostró que hubo una mejora en la carga de cuidado de las madres en relación al aspecto financiero y un empeoramiento en el mecanismo de efectividad y control, siendo las más afectadas en el segundo cobro, y la satisfacción con el rol y el miembro de la familia. Conclusión: La sobrecarga mostró mejoras y empeoramientos en diferentes aspectos. Esto se debe a las diferentes perspectivas de estas madres. La pandemia parece haber influido en el empeoramiento de algunos dominios, pues centralizó aún más los cuidados en la madre. DESCRIPTORES: Virus zika; Sobrecarga; Cuidador.Objetivo: analisar a evolução da sobrecarga física, emocional e social de mães de crianças com Síndrome Congênita pelo Zika Vírus (SCZV). Método: participaram 22 mães e seus respectivos filhos com SCZV, inseridas em um Centro Estadual de Reabilitação. Foram aplicados questionários de avaliação sociodemográfica e clínica, a Escala Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) e o Questionário Avaliação de Sobrecarga do Cuidador Informal (QASCI). Resultados: houve melhora na sobrecarga do cuidado das mães em relação ao aspecto financeiro (p<0,01) e piora no mecanismo de eficácia e controle (p=0,04) e satisfação com o papel e o familiar (p<0,01). Conclusão: a sobrecarga do cuidado de mães de crianças com SCZV apresentou melhoras e pioras em diferentes aspectos durante o período de acompanhamento. Deve-se fortalecer a rede de apoio familiar e garantir cuidado especializado, por uma equipe multiprofissional.

Bone aging and functional capacity of smokers

Objetivo: avaliar o conteúdo e densidade mineral óssea relacionada a capacidade funcional de tabagistas. Método:  trata-se de estudo transversal, de métodos e procedimentos próprios da pesquisa epidemiológica descritiva e de abordagem quantitativa. A pesquisa realizou-se em um Centro de Referência em Reabilitação e Assistência à Saúde no município de São Paulo. Aplicou-se um questionário sociodemográfico e fatores relacionados, o instrumento Fagerström de avaliação da dependência nicotínica e o teste de caminhada de seis minutos para avaliação da capacidade funcional. Realizou-se Absortometria Radiológica de Raio X de Dupla Energia – de coluna lombar, colo do fêmur e fêmur total. Resultados: avaliaram-se 24 tabagistas com idade entre 45 e 75 anos, de ambos os sexos, idade média de 58,6±5,9 anos, Índice de Massa Corporal médio de 26,7±3,4, a maioria do sexo feminino 16 (66%). Grau de dependência nicotínica prevalente baixa. Houve ainda significante associação entre massa óssea e capacidade funcional entre mulheres tabagistas. Conclusão: houve significante associação entre massa óssea e capacidade funcional entre tabagistas do sexo feminino. Torna-se desejável os prestadores de cuidados de saúde no contexto clínico da reabilitação, empregar sistemas que assegurem abordar outras comorbidades coocorrentes, tais como o tabagismo

Can type of school be used as an alternative indicator of socioeconomic status in dental caries studies? A cross-sectional study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Despite the importance of collecting individual data of socioeconomic status (SES) in epidemiological oral health surveys with children, this procedure relies on the parents as respondents. Therefore, type of school (public or private schools) could be used as an alternative indicator of SES, instead of collecting data individually. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of the variable type of school as an indicator of socioeconomic status as a substitute of individual data in an epidemiological survey about dental caries in Brazilian preschool children.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>This study followed a cross-sectional design, with a random sample of 411 preschool children aged 1 to 5 years, representative of Catalão, Brazil. A calibrated examiner evaluated the prevalence of dental caries and parents or guardians provided information about several individual socioeconomic indicators by means of a semi-structured questionnaire. A multilevel approach was used to investigate the association among individual socioeconomic variables, as well as the type of school, and the outcome.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>When all significant variables in the univariate analysis were used in the multiple model, only mother's schooling and household income (individual socioeconomic variables) presented significant associations with presence of dental caries, and the type of school was not significantly associated. However, when the type of school was used alone, children of public school presented significantly higher prevalence of dental caries than those enrolled in private schools.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The type of school used as an alternative indicator for socioeconomic status is a feasible predictor for caries experience in epidemiological dental caries studies involving preschool children in Brazilian context.</p

Os livros brancos da defesa da República Popular da China 1998-2010

Este estudo é uma análise da evolução das perceções de (in)segurança da República Popular da China (RPC), através da aferição quantitativa e qualitativa de expressões idiomáticas caracterizadoras da evolução do sistema internacional, as quais foram selecionadas e associadas a tais perceções, e que constam das sete edições do Livro Branco da Defesa publicadas pelo Conselho de Estado entre 1998 e 2010. Procura-se através de um enquadramento conceptual e metodológico derivado da análise crítica do discurso baseado nas teorias de Michel Foucault e de Norman Fairclough, bem como do da perceção de ameaças por parte dos Estados no sistema internacional formulado por Robert Jervis, identificar e justificar variações nas perceções de (in)segurança da RPC entre 1998 e 2010, concluindo-se que estas refletem uma visão de natureza essencialmente realista estrutural e Lockeana quanto à evolução do sistema internacional

Factors influencing terrestriality in primates of the Americas and Madagascar

Among mammals, the order Primates is exceptional in having a high taxonomic richness in which the taxa are arboreal, semiterrestrial, or terrestrial. Although habitual terrestriality is pervasive among the apes and African and Asian monkeys (catarrhines), it is largely absent among monkeys of the Americas (platyrrhines), as well as galagos, lemurs, and lorises (strepsirrhines), which are mostly arboreal. Numerous ecological drivers and species-specific factors are suggested to set the conditions for an evolutionary shift from arboreality to terrestriality, and current environmental conditions may provide analogous scenarios to those transitional periods. Therefore, we investigated predominantly arboreal, diurnal primate genera from the Americas and Madagascar that lack fully terrestrial taxa, to determine whether ecological drivers (habitat canopy cover, predation risk, maximum temperature, precipitation, primate species richness, human population density, and distance to roads) or species-specific traits (bodymass, group size, and degree of frugivory) associate with increased terrestriality. We collated 150,961 observation hours across 2,227 months from 47 species at 20 sites in Madagascar and 48 sites in the Americas. Multiple factors were associated with ground use in these otherwise arboreal species, including increased temperature, a decrease in canopy cover, a dietary shift away from frugivory, and larger group size. These factors mostly explain intraspecific differences in terrestriality. As humanity modifies habitats and causes climate change, our results suggest that species already inhabiting hot, sparsely canopied sites, and exhibiting more generalized diets, are more likely to shift toward greater ground use

Goodbye Hartmann trial: a prospective, international, multicenter, observational study on the current use of a surgical procedure developed a century ago

Background: Literature suggests colonic resection and primary anastomosis (RPA) instead of Hartmann's procedure (HP) for the treatment of left-sided colonic emergencies. We aim to evaluate the surgical options globally used to treat patients with acute left-sided colonic emergencies and the factors that leading to the choice of treatment, comparing HP and RPA. Methods: This is a prospective, international, multicenter, observational study registered on ClinicalTrials.gov. A total 1215 patients with left-sided colonic emergencies who required surgery were included from 204 centers during the period of March 1, 2020, to May 31, 2020. with a 1-year follow-up. Results: 564 patients (43.1%) were females. The mean age was 65.9 ± 15.6&nbsp;years. HP was performed in 697 (57.3%) patients and RPA in 384 (31.6%) cases. Complicated acute diverticulitis was the most common cause of left-sided colonic emergencies (40.2%), followed by colorectal malignancy (36.6%). Severe complications (Clavien-Dindo ≥ 3b) were higher in the HP group (P &lt; 0.001). 30-day mortality was higher in HP patients (13.7%), especially in case of bowel perforation and diffused peritonitis. 1-year follow-up showed no differences on ostomy reversal rate between HP and RPA. (P = 0.127). A backward likelihood logistic regression model showed that RPA was preferred in younger patients, having low ASA score (≤ 3), in case of large bowel obstruction, absence of colonic ischemia, longer time from admission to surgery, operating early at the day working hours, by a surgeon who performed more than 50 colorectal resections. Conclusions: After 100&nbsp;years since the first Hartmann's procedure, HP remains the most common treatment for left-sided colorectal emergencies. Treatment's choice depends on patient characteristics, the time of surgery and the experience of the surgeon. RPA should be considered as the gold standard for surgery, with HP being an exception