27 research outputs found
Efecto de la sustitución de la harina y el aceite de pescado por fuentes vegetales y animales en la alimentación de la seriola (Seriola dumerili. Risso, 1810)
Tesis por compendio[ES] La Seriola dumerili (Risso, 1810) se presenta como una especie emergente en la acuicultura, con una buena adaptación a la cautividad y un rápido crecimiento. Sin embargo, apenas se dispone de información acerca de la composición adecuada de los piensos para esta especie, lo que es de especial importancia, dado que muchos de los ingredientes óptimos, como las harinas y aceites de pescado, se consideran recursos limitados, tanto desde el punto de vista ambiental como económico. En la presente tesis doctoral, se llevaron a cabo diferentes experimentos en Seriola dumerili, con el objetivo de evaluar el efecto de la sustitución de la harina de pescado y el aceite de pescado en el crecimiento, parámetros nutritivos, eficiencia del crecimiento y calidad del producto final. Los experimentos se iniciaron con una prueba para determinar la digestibilidad de fuentes proteicas alternativas para su inclusión en dietas para la seriola, con el objetivo de comprobar su idoneidad para esta especie, permitiendo en las siguientes pruebas formular los piensos en base a los coeficientes digestibles. Se ensayon 12 materias primas, vegetales y animales (harinas de: habas, camelina, soja, guisante, girasol, trigo, krill, krill desengrasado, pollo, calamar y pescado). Las proteínas animales fueron las que resultaron más adecuadas para la especie, y las vegetales por sí mismas no ofrecían un buen balance nutricional, aunque combinadas con otras fuentes proteicas, podían ser consideradas un ingrediente proteico. Posteriormente, se llevó a cabo un experimento de sustitución de la harina de pescado por una mezcla de fuentes proteicas animales y vegetales. El experimento se inició con peces de 39 g y se finalizó con un peso medio de 365 g tras 154 días. Se ensayaron cuatro niveles de sustitución de la harina de pescado (0%, 33%, 66% y 100%). De los resultados de esta prueba se concluyó que la sustitución total de la harina de pescado no es posible para esta especie, ya que el crecimiento fue mucho menor, debido principalmente a la menor digestibilidad de los aminoácidos esenciales, así como de la energía, además con este pienso se observó una mayor mortalidad. Con la sustitución del 66% se obtuvieron buenos resultados de crecimiento, eficiencia nutritiva y una elevada supervivencia. A partir de los resultados obtenidos en la primera prueba de fuentes proteicas, se inició un segundo experimento con peces de 530 g (los peces fueron alimentados con los mismos piensos durante todo el periodo de crecimiento) y finalizó tras 84 días con un peso medio de 850 g de peso medio. Se ensayaron los tres piensos de la prueba anterior que mejores resultados habían proporcionado (0%, 33%, 66% de sustitución de harina de pescado), con el objetivo de estudiar el efecto de éstos en la calidad de la carne (perfil de ácidos grasos, metales pesados, análisis sensorial y organoléptico) de peces a talla comercial. Al final del experimento, se observó una reducción en la mayor parte de los ácidos grasos a medida que aumentaba la sustitución. En cuanto al nivel de metales pesados en el músculo, éstos no excedieron en ningún caso los valores recomendados por la UE. Algunos de los parámetros fisicoquímicos del filete sí se vieron afectados, pero no se reflejó en el análisis organoléptico, donde los jueces no fueron capaces de apreciar diferencias entre dietas, excepto en el color. En el siguiente experimento se estudió el efecto de la sustitución del aceite de pescado por una mezcla de aceites vegetales (utilizando una mezcla de aceite de palma y aceite de linaza en proporción 4:1). La fase de crecimiento se inició con peces de 39 g y se finalizó con 390 g de peso medio tras 154 días de experimento. Se ensayaron tres niveles de sustitución (0%, 50% y 100% del aceite de pescado). Se observó que la mezcla de aceites vegetales puede ser utilizada para sustituir completamente el aceite de pescado en juveniles de Seriola dumerili sin afectar al crecimiento ni la utilización del alimento. Asimismo, el
perfil de ácidos grasos esenciales en la dieta cubrió las necesidades de
los juveniles de la seriola sin afectar a la salud de los peces, ni a las
características nutricionales del pescado.
De los resultados de la presente tesis, se confirma que, la sustitución
de harina de pescado en piensos por la mezcla de fuentes proteicas
alternativas ensayada, no afecta negativamente al crecimiento de la afectar al crecimiento ni la utilización del alimento. Asimismo, el
perfil de ácidos grasos esenciales en la dieta cubrió las necesidades de
los juveniles de la seriola sin afectar a la salud de los peces, ni a las
características nutricionales del pescado.
De los resultados de la presente tesis, se confirma que, la sustitución
de harina de pescado en piensos por la mezcla de fuentes proteicas
alternativas ensayada, no afecta negativamente al crecimiento de la seriola en periodos largos de alimentación, así como a parámetros de
calidad como el perfil de ácidos grasos del filete, cuando dichas
sustituciones son menores del 66%. En cuanto a la sustitución lipídica,
la sustitución completa de aceite de pescado por aceites vegetales es
posible en juveniles de S. dumerili sin afectar al crecimiento,
rendimiento, utilización del alimento y salud de los peces, lo que
deberá de tenerse en cuenta en futuras formulaciones de piensos
específicos para esta especie.[EN] Seriola dumerili (Risso, 1810) is presented as a emerging specie in aquaculture, with a good adaptation to captivity and a rapid growth, but actually but not much information is currently available on the optimal feed composition for this specie. This is especially important since many of the optimal ingredients, such as fishmeal and fish oils, are considered limited resources from an environmental and economic point of view. In the present Ph. D thesis, different experiments were carried out in Seriola dumerili, with the objective of evaluate the effect of fish meal ad fish oil substitution on growth, nutritional parameters, growth efficiency and the quality of the final product. Experiments with alternative protein sources were initiated with a digestibility test of raw materials recommended for the Seriola dumerili, in order to check their suitability for this specie and permiting in the next experiments formulate the diets according the obtained results. 12 raw materials based on vegetables and animal sources, were tested (meals from: beans, camelina, soya, peas, sunflower, wheat, krill, degreased krill, chicken, squid and fish). Animal proteins were selected as the most adequate proteins for this specie. In addition, it was demonstrated that vegetable proteins alone did not present a good nutritional balance; however, they could be used as an ingredient for S. dumerili diets in combination with other protein sources. Based on the results obtained, fish meal was replaced for a mixture of animal and vegetable protein sources. This study was started with 39 g of fish and it was finished with 365 g after 154 days. Four levels of fish meal substitution were studied (0%, 33%, 66%, 100%). With the results obtained in this experiment, it concludes that the total substitution of fish meal was not viable due to the lower digestibility capacity of essential amino acids and energy. In addition, higher mortality level was found after the ingestion of this diet. It was concluded that a replacement of 66 % led to a successful growth, nutritional efficiency and better survival results. Considering results obtained in the first protein source test, a second study was carried out. It started with 530 g of fish (the fish were feed with the same diets during all the growth period) and ended up with 850 g after 84 days. The three diets with the best results of the previous experiments were asayed (0%, 33%, 66% of fish meal substitution) with the aim to study their effect in the meat quality (fatty acids profile, heavy metals, sensory and organoleptic analyses) in fish with commercial size. At the end of the experiment a reduction of most fatty acids with the increase of substitution level was detected. In addition, heavy metal levels in muscle did not exceed in any case the values permitted by the European Commission. Thus, they do not present a risk for human health. Otherwise, some of the physicochemical properties of the Seriola dumerili fillet were affected, however, this effect was not reflected on the organoleptic analyses, where tasters were not able to appreciate differences between diets, excepting for the final color. In the next experiment, the effect of replacing the fish oil for a mixture of vegetable oils (palm oil and linseed oil in a proportion of 4:1) was elucidated. This study was started with fishes that weighted 39 g and finished with 390 g after 154 days. Three substitution levels were used (0%, 50% and 100% of fish oil). It was shown that the vegetable mixture can be used to completely replace the fish oil for young Seriola dumerili fishes, without affecting growth and nutrient efficiency. In addition, fatty acids profile in diet, fulfilled the need of Seriola dumerili juveniles without influencing their health and their final nutritional characteristics. Based on the results obtained in this Ph. D thesis, it can be confirmed that feeding Seriola dumerili with fish meal substitution during long periods of time, do not affects negatively its growth and quality
parameters such as fatty acids profile, especially with substitutions
under than 66%. Good results were also obtained with lower
percentages of substitution levels.
Regarding to the lipid substitution, a complete substitution of fish oil
for vegetable oils was feasible for young Seriola dumerili, without affecting their growth, yield, feed utilization and health, which should
be considered in future feed formulations specific to this species.[CA] La Seriola dumerili (Risso, 1810) es presenta com una espècie emergent en l'aqüicultura, amb bona adaptació a la captivitat i un ràpid creixement, però actualment no es disposa de molta informació sobre la composició adequada dels pinsos per a aquesta espècie, la qual cosa és d'especial importància donat el fet que molts dels ingredients òptims, com les farines i olis de peix, es consideren recursos limitats, tant des del punt de vista ambiental com econòmic. En la present tesi doctoral, es van a dur terme diferents experiments en Seriola dumerili, amb l'objectiu d'avaluar l'efecte de la substitució de la farina de peix i l'oli de peix en el creixement, paràmetres nutritius eficiència del creixement i qualitat del producte final. Els experiments es van iniciar amb una proba per a determinar la digestibilitat amb fonts proteiques alternatives per a la inclusió de dietes en la seriola, amb l'objectiu de comprovar la seua idoneïtat per a aquesta espècie permitint en les següents probes formular els pinsos sobre la base dels coeficients digestibles. Es van assajar 12 matèries primeres, vegetals i animals (farines de: faves, camelina, soja, pésol, gira-sol, blat, krill, krill desgreixat, au, calamar i peix). Les proteïnes animals van ser les que van resultar més adequades per a l'espècie i les vegetals per si mateixes no oferien un bon balanç nutricional, encara que combinades amb altres fonts proteiques, podien ser considerades un ingredient proteic. Posteriorment, es va dur a terme un experiment de substitució de la farina de peix per una mescla de fonts proteiques animals i vegetals. L'experiment es va iniciar amb peixos de 39g i es va finalitzar amb una pes mig de 365 g després de 154 dies. Es van assajar quatre nivells de substitució de la farina de peix (0%, 33%, 66% i 100%). Dels resultats d'aquesta prova es va concloure que la substitució total de la farina de peix no és possible per a aquesta espècie, ja que el creixement va ser molt menor, degut principalment a la menor digestibilitat dels aminoàcids essencials, així com de l'energia, a més amb aquest pinso va haver-hi una major mortalitat. Amb la substitució del 66% es va obtindre un bon resultat de creixement, eficiència nutritiva i una alta supervivència. A partir dels resultats obtinguts en la primera prova de fonts proteiques es va iniciar un segon experiment amb peixos de 530 g (els peixos van ser alimentats amb els mateixos pinsos durant tot el període de creixement) i va finalitzar després de 84 dies amb una grandària de 850 g de pes mitjà. Es van assajar els tres pinsos de la prova anterior que millors resultats havien proporcionat (0%, 33%, 66% se substitució de farina de peix), amb l'objectiu d'estudiar l'efecte d'aquests mateixos pinsos en la qualitat de la carn (perfil d'àcids greixos, metalls pesats, anàlisi sensorial i organolèptic) en peixos aconseguint una talla comercial. Al final de l'experiment, es va observar una reducció en la major part dels àcids greixos a mesura que augmentava la substitució. En quant al nivell de metalls pesats en el múscul, aquests no van excedir en cap cas els valors recomanats per la UE. Alguns dels paràmetres fisicoquímics del filet sí que es van veure afectats, però no es va reflectir en l'anàlisi organolèptic, on els tastadors no van ser capaços d'apreciar diferències entre dietes, excepte en el color. En el següent experiment es va estudiar l'efecte de la substitució de l'oli de peix per una mescla d'olis vegetals utilitzant una mescla d'oli de palma i oli de llinosa en proporció 4:1). L’experiment es va iniciar
amb peixos de 39 g i es va finalitzar amb 390 g de pes mitjà després de
154 dies d'experiment. Es van assajar tres nivells de substitució (0%,
50% i 100% de l'oli de peix). Es va observar que la mescla d’olis vegetals
pot ser utilitzada per a substituir completament l’oli de peix en juvenils
de Seriola dumerili no va afectar el creixement ni la utilització de
l’aliment. Així mateix, el perfil d’àcids greixos essencials en la dieta, va
cobrir les necessitats dels juvenils de la seriola sense afectar la salut
dels peixos ni a les característiques nutricionals del peix.
Dels resultats de la present tesi, es confirma que, en períodes llargs
d’alimentació la substitució de farina de peix per la mescla de fonts
proteiques alternatives assajada en pinsos, no afecta negativament al
creixement de la seriola i a paràmetres de qualitat com el perfil d'àcids greixos del filet, quan aquestes substitucions són menors del 66%.
Quant a la substitució lipídica, la substitució completa d'oli de peix per
olis vegetals és possible en juvenils de S. dumerili sense afectar el
creixement, rendiment, utilització de l’aliment i salut dels peixos, la
qual cosa haurà de tindre’s en compte en futures formulacions de
pinsos específics per a aquesta espècie.Monge Ortiz, R. (2020). Efecto de la sustitución de la harina y el aceite de pescado por fuentes vegetales y animales en la alimentación de la seriola (Seriola dumerili. Risso, 1810) [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/153798TESISCompendi
Apparent digestibility and protein quality evaluation of selected feed ingredients in Seriola dumerili
This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Tomas-Vidal, A., Monge-Ortiz, Raquel, Jover Cerda, Miguel, Martínez-Llorens, Silvia. (2019). Apparent digestibility and protein quality evaluation of selected feed ingredients in Seriola dumerili.Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, null. DOI: 10.1111/jwas.12597, which has been published in final form at http://doi.org/10.1111/jwas.12597. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving.[EN] The apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of dry matter, crude
protein, crude lipid, and amino acids in fish, krill, squid, meat, defatted
krill, soybean, wheat gluten, wheat, camilina, pea, sunflower, and fava
bean meals were determined for juvenile Seriola dumerili. The results
showed that the ADC of dry matter for yellowtail ranged from 57.7
to 87.2% for animal ingredients and from 42.2 to 82.2% for plant
ingredients. An ADC of protein exceeding 90% was observed in fishmeal,
while camilina meal and fava bean meal presented the lowest
values. Pea meal presented the lowest lipid ADC (83.5%). The availabilities
were generally higher in animal ingredients than those in
vegetal ones. Except camilina and fava bean meal, the other ingredients
appear to be favorable for S. dumerili diets, especially the ones
from animal sources. Lower case chemical score values (minimum
value from amino acid ratios [AARs]) were obtained in some vegetal
ingredients (14¿18%), while the highest ones were observed in
marine ingredients (69¿88%). According to Oser's Index, the most
balanced protein for yellowtail with regard to essential amino acids
was in krill, defatted krill, and fishmeal (92¿96%). So, animal sources
are suitable as protein ingredients, but they could be enhanced
through some essential amino acid supplementation.This project was financed by the “Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación” (reference AGL2011-30547-C03).Tomas-Vidal, A.; Monge-Ortiz, R.; Jover Cerda, M.; Martínez-Llorens, S. (2019). Apparent digestibility and protein quality evaluation of selected feed ingredients in Seriola dumerili. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society. https://doi.org/10.1111/jwas.12597
Impact of high dietary plant protein with or without marine ingredients in gut mucosa proteome of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata, L.)
[EN] The digestive tract, particularly the intestine, represents one of the main sites of interactions with the environment, playing the gut mucosa a crucial role in the digestion and absorption of nutrients, and in the immune defence. Previous researches have proven that the fishmeal replacement by plant sources could have an impact on the intestinal status at both digestive and immune level, compromising relevant productive parameters, such as feed efficiency, growth or survival. In order to evaluate the long-term impact of total fishmeal replacement on intestinal mucosa, the gut mucosa proteome was analysed in fish fed with a fishmeal-based diet, against plant protein-based diets with or without alternative marine sources inclusion. Total fishmeal replacement without marine ingredients inclusion, reported a negative impact in growth and biometric parameters, further an altered gut mucosa proteome. However, the inclusion of a low percentage of marine ingredients in plant protein-based diets was able to maintain the growth, biometrics parameters and gut mucosa proteome with similar values to FM group.
A total fishmeal replacement induced a big set of underrepresented proteins in relation to several biological processes such as intracellular transport, assembly of cellular macrocomplex, protein localization and protein catabolism, as well as several molecular functions, mainly related with binding to different molecules and the maintenance of the cytoskeleton structure. The set of downregulated proteins also included molecules which have a crucial role in the maintenance of the normal function of the enterocytes, and therefore, of the epithelium, including permeability, immune and inflammatory response regulation and nutritional absorption. Possibly, the amino acid imbalance presented in VM diet, in a long-term feeding, may be the main reason of these alterations, which can be prevented by the inclusion of 15% of alternative marine sources.
Significance: Long-term feeding with plant protein based diets may be considered as a stress factor and lead to a negative impact on digestive and immune system mechanisms at the gut, that can become apparent in a reduced fish performance. The need for fishmeal replacement by alternative ingredients such as plant sources to ensure the sustainability of the aquaculture sector has led the research assessing the intestinal status of fish to be of increasing importance. This scientific work provides further knowledge about the proteins and biologic processes altered in the gut in response to plant protein based diets, suggesting the loss of part of gut mucosa functionality. 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Replacement of fish oil with vegetable oil blends in feeds for greater amberjack (Seriola dumerili) juveniles: effect on growth performance, feed efficiency, tissue fatty acid composition and flesh nutritional value
[EN] This study was undertaken to assess the effects of fish oil (FO) substitution by a mixture of alternative vegetable oils (VO) on Seriola dumerili culture performance. A 154-day feeding experiment was conducted using juveniles (39.2 +/- 1.6g average weight). Three isolipidic and isoenergetic meal-based diets were formulated varying their lipid component. The control diet contained 100% FO (FO100), whereas diets VO50 and VO100 included 1/2 of oil blend and all the oil from blend of palm oil (PO) and linseed oil (LO) as substitute for FO, respectively. Dietary regime did not significantly affect growth performance, biometric indices, feed efficiency, plasma chemistry and liver and muscle lipid contents. Nonetheless, dietary VO inclusion impacted on the fatty acid profile of target tissues, especially in the liver. Fatty acid profiles of the fillets reflected those of the dietary oils except that there was apparent selective utilization of palmitic acid (C16:0) and oleic acid (C18:1n-9) and apparent selective retention of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6n-3). The nutritional value and the potential ability to prevent the development of coronary heart diseases of the flesh lipid fraction decreased with gradual FO substitution.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (MICINN), Grant/Award Number: AGL2011-30547-C03-02Monge-Ortiz, R.; Tomas-Vidal, A.; Rodriguez-Barreto, D.; Martínez-Llorens, S.; Perez, J.; Jover Cerda, M.; Lorenzo, A. (2018). Replacement of fish oil with vegetable oil blends in feeds for greater amberjack (Seriola dumerili) juveniles: effect on growth performance, feed efficiency, tissue fatty acid composition and flesh nutritional value. 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Influence of diet and feeding strategy on the performance of nitrifying trickling filter, oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) raised in recirculating aquaculture systems
[EN] Gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) was raised in six individual recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) whose bioflters¿ performance was analyzed. Fish were fed with three diferent diets (a control diet, a fshmeal-based diet (FM), and a plant meal-based diet (VM)) and with three diferent feeding strategies (manual feeding to apparent satiation, automatic feeding with restricted ration, and auto-demand feeding). For every combination of diet and feeding strategy, the mean oxygen consumption, ammonia excretion, and ammonia removal rate were determined. Fish fed with the VM diet consumed the most oxygen (20.06±1.80 gO2 consumed kg¿1 day¿1). There were signifcant diferences in ammonia excretion depending on the protein content and protein efciency of the diet, as well as depending on feeding strategy, which in turn afected ammonia removal rates. Fish fed by auto-demand feeders led to the highest mean ammonia removal rate (0.10 gN-TAN removed m¿2 biofltration area day¿1), while not leading to peaks of high ammonia concentration in water, which preserve fsh welfare and growth.Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature.
Research is funded by the national project ¿Design of a recirculating aquaculture system for aquaculture
plants (2011¿2014),¿ by the Ministry of Science and Innovation, Spain, as well as by a grant financed by
Generalitat Valenciana, IDIFEDER/2020/029, and by the project ¿Recirculating aquaculture systems¿ by
Universitat Politècnica de València. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis,
decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Godoy-Olmos, S.; Jauralde García, I.; Monge-Ortiz, R.; Milián Sorribes, MC.; Jover Cerda, M.; Tomas-Vidal, A.; Martínez-Llorens, S. (2022). Influence of diet and feeding strategy on the performance of nitrifying trickling filter, oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) raised in recirculating aquaculture systems. Aquaculture International. 30(2):581-606. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-021-00821-358160630
Potential use of high levels of vegetal proteins in diets for market-sized gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata)
[EN] The effect of partial or total dietary substitution of fishmeal (FM)
by vegetal protein sources on growth and feed efficiency was
carried out in on-growing gilthead sea bream (mean initial weight
131 g). The Control diet (FM 100) contained FM as the primary
protein source, while in Diets FM 25 and FM 0 the FM protein was
replaced at 75% and 100%, respectively, by a vegetable protein
mixture consisting of wheat gluten, soybean meal, rapeseed meal
and crystalline amino acids. Diets FM 25 and FM 0 also contained
krill meal at 47 g/kg in order to improve palatability. At the end of
the trial (after 158 d), fish survival was above 90%. Final weight
and the specific growth rate were statistically lower in fish fed the
Control diet (361 g and 0.64%/d), compared with 390–396 g and
0.69–0.70%/d after feeding vegetal diets. No significant differences
were found regarding feed intake and feed conversion ratio. The
digestibility of protein and amino acids (determined with chromium
oxide as indicator) was similar in all diets. The blood parameters
were not significantly affected by treatments. The activity
of trypsin and pepsin was significantly reduced after feeding Diet
FM 0. In the distal intestine, the villi length in fish fed Diet FM 25
was significantly longer and the intestine of the fish fed the FM
100 diet showed a smaller number of goblet cells. In conclusion, a
total FM substitution by a vegetal mix supplemented with synthetic
amino acids in on-growing sea bream is feasible.This work was supported by the Vicerrectorat d'Investigacio, Innovacio i Transferencia - Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, Project Name: Aquaculture feed without fishmeal (SP20120603). URLs of funder:http://www.upv.es/entidades/VIIT/info/indexnormalc.htm. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Monge-Ortiz, R.; Martínez-Llorens, S.; Marquez, L.; Moyano-Lopez, FJ.; Jover Cerdá, M.; Tomas-Vidal, A. (2016). Potential use of high levels of vegetal proteins in diets for market-sized gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). Archives of Animal Nutrition. 70(2):155-172. https://doi.org/10.1080/1745039X.2016.1141743S15517270
Inclusion of alternative marine by-products in aquafeeds with different levels of plant-based sources for on-growing gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata, L.): effects on digestibility, amino acid retention, ammonia excretion and enzyme activity
[EN] The search for new sustainable aquafeeds for the species with greater economic importance, such as the gilthead sea bream in Europe, is one of the main challenges in the aquaculture sector. The present work tested fishmeal replacement by a mixture of plant meals at different levels, as well as the use of marine by-products with attractant properties and high-quality protein in high plant protein diets. In order to do that, effects on growth and biometric parameters, digestibility, amino acid retention, excreted ammonia and proteases and amylase activity were assessed, using six different diets: FM100 (100% of protein provided by fishmeal), FM50 (50% of replacement), FM25 (75% of replacement) and FM0 (100% of replacement), but also FM25+ (75% of replacement and 15% of squid and krill meal inclusion), and FM0+ (100% of replacement and 15% of squid and krill meal inclusion). In group FM0, a clear impact of dietary changes was observed on growth, survival and ammonia excretion. Amino acid retention in group FM0+ was also significantly affected, which can be explained by the limited content of certain amino acids in this diet. On the other hand, no significant differences were observed in most biometric parameters or in enzyme activity. In conclusion, complete fishmeal replacement can be achieved by using a mixture of plant-based sources, but supplementation with complementary marine ingredients can prevent detrimental effects on growth, survival, nutritional parameters and protein metabolism.This work was supported by the Vicerrectorat d'Investigacio, Innovacio i Transferencia of the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, within the project Aquaculture feed without fishmeal (SP20120603). URLs of funder: http://www.upv.es/entidades/VIIT/info/indexnormalc.htm. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Estruch-Cucarella, G.; Tomas-Vidal, A.; El Nokrashy, AM.; Monge-Ortiz, R.; Godoy-Olmos, S.; Jover Cerda, M.; Martínez-Llorens, S. (2018). Inclusion of alternative marine by-products in aquafeeds with different levels of plant-based sources for on-growing gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata, L.): effects on digestibility, amino
acid retention, ammonia excretion and enzyme activity. Archives of Animal Nutrition. 72(4):321-329. https://doi.org/10.1080/1745039X.2018.1472408S32132972
Long -term feeding with high plant protein based diets in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata, L.) leads to changes in the inflammatory and immune related gene expression at intestinal level
[EN] Background: In order to ensure sustainability of aquaculture production of carnivourous fish species such as the gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata, L.), the impact of the inclusion of alternative protein sources to fishmeal, including plants, has been assessed. With the aim of evaluating long-term effects of vegetable diets on growth and intestinal status of the on-growing gilthead seabream (initial weight = 129 g), three experimental diets were tested: a strict plant protein-based diet (VM), a fishmeal based diet (FM) and a plant protein-based diet with 15% of marine ingredients (squid and krill meal) alternative to fishmeal (VM+). Intestines were sampled after 154 days. Besides studying growth parameters and survival, the gene expression related to inflammatory response, immune system, epithelia integrity and digestive process was analysed in the foregut and hindgut sections, as well as different histological parameters in the foregut.
Results: There were no differences in growth performance (p = 0.2703) and feed utilization (p = 0.1536), although a greater fish mortality was recorded in the VM group (p = 0.0141). In addition, this group reported a lower expression in genes related to pro-inflammatory response, as Interleukine-1 beta (il1 beta, p = 0.0415), Interleukine-6 (il6, p = 0.0347) and cyclooxigenase-2 (cox2, p = 0.0014), immune-related genes as immunoglobulin M (igm, p = 0.0002) or bacterial defence genes as alkaline phosphatase (alp, p = 0.0069). In contrast, the VM+ group yielded similar survival rate to FM (p = 0.0141) and the gene expression patterns indicated a greater induction of the inflammatory and immune markers (il1 beta, cox2 and igm). However, major histological changes in gut were not detected.
Conclusions: Using plants as the unique source of protein on a long term basis, replacing fishmeal in aqua feeds for gilthead seabream, may have been the reason of a decrease in the level of different pro-inflammatory mediators (il1 beta, il6 and cox2) and immune-related molecules (igm and alp), which reflects a possible lack of local immune response at the intestinal mucosa, explaining the higher mortality observed. Krill and squid meal inclusion in vegetable diets, even at low concentrations, provided an improvement in nutrition and survival parameters compared to strictly plant protein based diets as VM, maybe explained by the maintenance of an effective immune response throughout the assay.The research has been partially funded by Vicerrectorat d'Investigacio, Innovacio i Transferencia of the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, which belongs to the project Aquaculture feed without fishmeal (SP20120603). 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Effectiveness of Modified Vaccinia Ankara-Bavaria Nordic Vaccination in a Population at High Risk of Mpox: A Spanish Cohort Study
Background: With over 7,500 cases notified since April 2022, Spain has experienced the highest incidence of mpox in Europe. From July 12th onwards, the Modified Vaccinia Ankara-Bavaria Nordic (MVA-BN) smallpox vaccine was offered as pre-exposure prophylaxis for individuals at high-risk of mpox, including those receiving pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV (HIV-PrEP). Our aim was to assess the effectiveness of one dose of MVA-BN vaccine as pre-exposure against mpox virus (MPXV) infection in persons on HIV-PrEP. Methods: We conducted a national retrospective cohort study between July 12 and December 12, 2022. Individuals ≥18 years, receiving HIV-PrEP as of July 12 and with no previous MPXV infection or vaccination were eligible. Each day, we matched individuals receiving a first dose of MVA-BN vaccine and unvaccinated controls of the same age group and region. We used a Kaplan-Meier estimator and calculate risk ratios (RR) and vaccine effectiveness (VE = 1-RR). Results: We included 5,660 matched pairs, with a median follow-up of 62 days (interquartile range 24-97). Mpox cumulative incidence was 5.6 per 1,000 (25 cases) in unvaccinated and 3.5 per 1,000 (18 cases) in vaccinated. No effect was found during days 0-6 post-vaccination (VE -38.3; 95% confidence interval (95%CI): -332.7; 46.4), but VE was 65% in ≥7 days (95%CI 22.9; 88.0) and 79% in ≥14 days (95%CI 33.3; 100.0) post-vaccination. Conclusions: One dose of MVA-BN vaccine offered protection against mpox in a most-at-risk population shortly after the vaccination. Further studies need to assess the VE of a second dose and the duration of protection over time.S
The evolution of the ventilatory ratio is a prognostic factor in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 ARDS patients
Background: Mortality due to COVID-19 is high, especially in patients requiring mechanical ventilation. The purpose of the study is to investigate associations between mortality and variables measured during the first three days of mechanical ventilation in patients with COVID-19 intubated at ICU admission. Methods: Multicenter, observational, cohort study includes consecutive patients with COVID-19 admitted to 44 Spanish ICUs between February 25 and July 31, 2020, who required intubation at ICU admission and mechanical ventilation for more than three days. We collected demographic and clinical data prior to admission; information about clinical evolution at days 1 and 3 of mechanical ventilation; and outcomes. Results: Of the 2,095 patients with COVID-19 admitted to the ICU, 1,118 (53.3%) were intubated at day 1 and remained under mechanical ventilation at day three. From days 1 to 3, PaO2/FiO2 increased from 115.6 [80.0-171.2] to 180.0 [135.4-227.9] mmHg and the ventilatory ratio from 1.73 [1.33-2.25] to 1.96 [1.61-2.40]. In-hospital mortality was 38.7%. A higher increase between ICU admission and day 3 in the ventilatory ratio (OR 1.04 [CI 1.01-1.07], p = 0.030) and creatinine levels (OR 1.05 [CI 1.01-1.09], p = 0.005) and a lower increase in platelet counts (OR 0.96 [CI 0.93-1.00], p = 0.037) were independently associated with a higher risk of death. No association between mortality and the PaO2/FiO2 variation was observed (OR 0.99 [CI 0.95 to 1.02], p = 0.47). Conclusions: Higher ventilatory ratio and its increase at day 3 is associated with mortality in patients with COVID-19 receiving mechanical ventilation at ICU admission. No association was found in the PaO2/FiO2 variation