De los métodos y las maneras, número 8

Por octava ocasión el Posgrado en Diseño de la división de Ciencias y Artes para el Diseño, en colaboración con el comité organizador de “De los métodos y las maneras”, logró reunir investigaciones de especialistas en el ámbito del diseño y la investigación, así como de alumnos de tres de las cinco líneas de investigación del posgrado de diseño. Este libro es muestra de una constante al presentar temas en torno a las metodologías para hacer investigación en Diseño, además de ser una herramienta teórico - práctica, para apoyar tanto a docentes como estudiantes de los posgrados en diseño.Coordinación del Posgrado de Ciencias y Artes para el DiseñoGustavo Iván Garmendia Ramírez, coordinador; Sandra Rodríguez Mondragón, compilación y diseño editorial; Martín Lucas Flores Carapia, Diseño de la portad

Métodos y técnicas de monitoreo y predicción temprana en los escenarios de riesgos socionaturales

Esta obra concentra los métodos y las técnicas fundamentales para el seguimiento y monitoreo de las dinámicas de los escenarios de riesgos socionaturales (geológicos e hidrometeorológicos) y tiene como objetivo general orientar, apoyar y acompañar a los directivos y operativos de protección civil en aterrizar las acciones y políticas públicas enfocadas a la gestión del riesgo local de desastre

Antiprotozoan lead discovery by aligning dry and wet screening: Prediction, synthesis, and biological assay of novel quinoxalinones

Protozoan parasites have been one of the most significant public health problems for centuries and several human infections caused by them have massive global impact. Most of the current drugs used to treat these illnesses have been used for decades and have many limitations such as the emergence of drug resistance, severe side-effects, low-to-medium drug efficacy, administration routes, cost, etc. These drugs have been largely neglected as models for drug development because they are majorly used in countries with limited resources and as a consequence with scarce marketing possibilities. Nowadays, there is a pressing need to identify and develop new drug-based antiprotozoan therapies. In an effort to overcome this problem, the main purpose of this study is to develop a QSARs-based ensemble classifier for antiprotozoan drug-like entities from a heterogeneous compounds collection. Here, we use some of the TOMOCOMD-CARDD molecular descriptors and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) to derive individual linear classification functions in order to discriminate between antiprotozoan and non-antiprotozoan compounds as a way to enable the computational screening of virtual combinatorial datasets and/or drugs already approved. Firstly, we construct a wide-spectrum benchmark database comprising of 680 organic chemicals with great structural variability (254 of them antiprotozoan agents and 426 to drugs having other clinical uses). This series of compounds was processed by a k-means cluster analysis in order to design training and predicting sets. In total, seven discriminant functions were obtained, by using the whole set of atom-based linear indices. All the LDA-based QSAR models show accuracies above 85% in the training set and values of Matthews correlation coefficients (C) vary from 0.70 to 0.86. The external validation set shows rather-good global classifications of around 80% (92.05% for best equation). Later, we developed a multi-agent QSAR classification system, in which the individual QSAR outputs are the inputs of the aforementioned fusion approach. Finally, the fusion model was used for the identification of a novel generation of lead-like antiprotozoan compounds by using ligand-based virtual screening of 'available' small molecules (with synthetic feasibility) in our 'in-house' library. A new molecular subsystem (quinoxalinones) was then theoretically selected as a promising lead series, and its derivatives subsequently synthesized, structurally characterized, and experimentally assayed by using in vitro screening that took into consideration a battery of five parasite-based assays. The chemicals 11(12) and 16 are the most active (hits) against apicomplexa (sporozoa) and mastigophora (flagellata) subphylum parasites, respectively. Both compounds depicted good activity in every protozoan in vitro panel and they did not show unspecific cytotoxicity on the host cells. The described technical framework seems to be a promising QSAR-classifier tool for the molecular discovery and development of novel classes of broad - antiprotozoan - spectrum drugs, which may meet the dual challenges posed by drug-resistant parasites and the rapid progression of protozoan illnesses. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Peer Reviewe

Casa de los dioses, Nevado de Toluca. Arqueología y cosmovisión de una montaña sagrada.

Este es el tercer libro derivado de las investigaciones del Proyecto Arqueología Subacuática en el Nevado de Toluca de la Subdirección de Arqueología Subacuática del INAH. Con esta obra, se da un importante paso en el conocimiento de las actividades rituales que acontecieron dentro del cráter del volcán. A lo Largo de 13 capítulos escritos por diferentes especialistas, se abordan temas diversos como los objetos arqueológicos localizados en el volcán, los análisis en laboratorio y gabinete de las ofrendas depositadas en el interior de los lagos del Sol y la Luna, aspectos de la cronología arqueológica del valle de Toluca, así como posibles relaciones culturales y temporales entre el volcán y otros sitios arqueológicos de la región. Igualmente, se presentan relatos mitológicos sobre la formación del Nevado de Toluca, la importancia de las entidades acuáticas que regían los cuerpos de agua en las tierras bajas y los lagos del cráter, así como una amplia variedad de temas que aluden a la ritualidad, cosmovisión e identidad de esta montaña sagrada.Desde tiempos inmemorables, el volcán Nevado de Toluca ha sido un referente cultural de su paisaje circundante. En época prehispánica, era considerado una montaña viva y sagrada, donde moraban deidades a las cuales se rendía un culto especial. Las evidencias de este simbolismo han perdurado a lo largo del tiempo en los vestigios arqueológicos y en la cosmovisión de los habitantes de la región. En una Mezcla de la investigación arqueológica con el que hacer artístico, el libro está ilustrado con trabajos del grabador Joel Rendón Vázquez, destacado maestro de la gráfica mexicana. Finalmente, esperamos que esta obra contribuya a la valoración, estudio y protección del Nevado de Toluca: la casa de los dioses.Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México

De los métodos y las maneras, número 9

Por novena ocasión el Posgrado en Diseño de la división de Ciencias y Artes para el Diseño, en colaboración con el comité organizador de “De los métodos y las maneras”, logró reunir investigaciones de especialistas en el ámbito del diseño y la investigación, así como de alumnos de cuatro de las siete líneas de investigación del posgrado de diseño. Este libro constata la persistencia en presentar temas en torno a las metodologías para hacer investigación en Diseño, además de ser una herramienta teórico - práctica, para apoyar tanto a docentes como estudiantes de los posgrados en diseño.Coordinación del Posgrado de Ciencias y Artes para el DiseñoSalvador Ulises Islas Barajas, coordinador; Sandra Rodríguez Mondragón, editora; Martín Lucas Flores Carapia, Ilustración de portada

Mercados y tianguis en el siglo XXI. Repensando sus problemáticas

Los capítulos que conforman esta obra se acercan a los mercados y tianguis principalmente desde las ciencias sociales, económicas y biológicas. Sin embargo, a diferencia de estudios realizados en décadas pasadas, han encontrado nuevas problemáticas, como, por ejemplo, la relación clientelar de locatarios y tianguistas con agrupaciones mayores y partidos políticos. También se describe la disputa del mercado entre personas locales y turistas, es decir, los problemas que emergen de la museificación de estos espacios. Además, el tema de los supermercados, espacios que han ganado terreno, actualmente no deben disociarse de las lógicas comerciales de consumo.En el mundo globalizado en que vivimos, los mercados y tianguis se enfrentan a procesos de adaptación social, cultural, política y económica. Existen prácticas que continúan mientras que, a la par, aparecen nuevas formas de relacionarse con estos espacios. Por ello, los compiladores del libro, así como las y los especialistas que escriben en él, invitamos a la comunidad lectora a que utilice este libro como un referente que puede ayudarle a descubrir su propio lente para mirar a los mercados y tianguis y, al mismo tiempo, le sirva para reflexionar sobre el papel del consumo en nuestras vidas cotidianas.Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Méxic

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data