Época de semeadura: um importante fator que afeta a produtividade da cultura da soja.

Temperatura do ar; Umidade do solo; Fotoperíodo.bitstream/item/65720/1/DOC34.pd

Human-animal interactions in the salt puna during the middle holocene: the case of Cueva Salamanca 1, Antofagasta de la Sierra, Catamarca

Se presentan aquí los análisis zooarqueológicos realizados en el registro óseo del sitio arqueológico Cueva Salamanca 1, ubicado en Antofagasta de la Sierra, en la Puna Catamarca, a 3.665 msnm. El sitio presenta la mayor parte de las ocupaciones entre ca. 8100 y 7400 años AP y otras más esporádicas hasta el 4500 AP en la capa 2, en la que se centran los análisis, además de otras posteriores más puntuales. Los resultados sugieren una explotación intensiva de camélidos, especialmente de grupos familiares. Ésta abarcó tanto a vicuñas como a guanacos, que se presentan en una proporción relativamente alta. La explotación de estos camélidos incluyó el procesamiento para la extracción de nutrientes extra- e intra-óseos, así como otros usos. El registro arqueofaunístico analizado es consistente con los escenarios demográfico y paleoambiental propuestos para la región, mostrando una ocupación más estable de este sector intermedio de la cuenca a comienzos del Holoceno Medio y luego una menos intensiva a medida que recrudecen las condiciones de aridez, acompañada de una estrecha interacción con los diferentes camélidos silvestres.This paper presents the zooarchaeological analysis of the bone record from Cueva Salamanca 1 archaeological site, located in Antofagasta de la Sierra, in the Puna of Catamarca, at 3.665 masl. The site has most occupations between ca. 8100-7400 years BP and other, more sporadic ones up to 4500 BP in layer 2 -on which this analysis is focused-, and a few more intermittent later ones. The results suggest an intensive exploitation of camelids, especially of family groups. It included both vicuñas and guanacos, which are represented in relatively high proportions. The exploitation of these camelids involved the processing for extra- and intra-bone nutrient extraction, as well as other uses. The archaeofaunal record analyzed is consistent with the demographic and paleoclimatic settings proposed for the region, and shows a more stable occupation of this intermediate sector of the basin at the beginning of Middle Holocene, followed by a less intensive one as dry conditions increased, along with a tight interaction with different wild camelids.Fil: Mondini, Nora Mariana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Instituto de Antropología de Córdoba; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Cordoba. Facultad de Filosofia y Humanidades. Museo de Antropologia; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Marozzi, Antonela Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Instituto de Antropología de Córdoba; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Cordoba. Facultad de Filosofia y Humanidades. Museo de Antropologia; ArgentinaFil: Pintar, Elizabeth L.. Austin Community College; Estados Unido

Violent and Complex Behaviors and Non-Restorative Sleep Are the Main Features of Disorders of Arousal in Adulthood: Real Picture or a More Severe Phenotype?

Disorders of arousal (DoA) are NREM parasomnias characterized by motor and emotional behaviors emerging from incomplete arousals from deep sleep. DoA are largely present in pediatric populations, a period during which they are labeled as self-limited manifestations. However, an extensive literature has shown that DoA can persist in adulthood, with different characteristics from childhood DoA. Adult DoA patients usually report excessive daily sleepiness, sleep-related violence during DoA episodes or potentially harmful behaviors, which are rare in childhood. The semeiological features of DoA episodes in adulthood may complicate differential diagnoses with other motor manifestations during sleep, in particular sleep-related hypermotor epilepsy. However, it cannot be excluded that adults with DoA attending sleep centers constitute a more severe phenotype, thus not being representative of adult DoA in the general population. Video-polysomnographic studies of DoA document a spectrum of motor patterns of different complexities, the simplest of which may often go unnoticed. Despite the different complexities of the episodes, neurophysiologic studies showed the co-existence of deep sleep and wakefulness during DoA episodes or even before their onset. These aspects make DoA an ideal model to investigate the mechanisms regulating local sleep, sleep arousal and cognitive functions including spatial and temporal orientation, attention or memory

4D Printing of Humidity-Driven Seed Inspired Soft Robots

Geraniaceae seeds represent a role model in soft robotics thanks to their ability to move autonomously across and into the soil driven by humidity changes. The secret behind their mobility and adaptivity is embodied in the hierarchical structures and anatomical features of the biological hygroscopic tissues, geometrically designed to be selectively responsive to environmental humidity. Following a bioinspired approach, the internal structure and biomechanics of Pelargonium appendiculatum (L.f.) Willd seeds are investigated to develop a model for the design of a soft robot. The authors exploit the re-shaping ability of 4D printed materials to fabricate a seed-like soft robot, according to the natural specifications and model, and using biodegradable and hygroscopic polymers. The robot mimics the movement and performances of the natural seed, reaching a torque value of ≈30 µN m, an extensional force of ≈2.5 mN and it is capable to lift ≈100 times its own weight. Driven by environmental humidity changes, the artificial seed is able to explore a sample soil, adapting its morphology to interact with soil roughness and cracks