Factors associated with low birth weight among tribal and non-tribal population in India: Evidence from National Family Health Survey-4 (2015–2016)

The tribal population (8.6%) is vulnerable to neonatal mortality and morbidity in India. Birth weight is an important decisive factor for most neonatal survival and postnatal development. The present study aims to compare the prevalence and associations of certain socio-economic, demographic, and lifestyle variables with low birth weight (LBW) among tribal and non-tribal populations in India. The present investigation utilized retrospective data of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4, 2015–16) among tribal (N=26635) and non-tribal (N=142162) populations in India. Birth weight variation of the newborn was categorized into LBW (0.01). Higher tribal population concentration (47.0%) areas has a lower (7.4%) prevalence of LBW in the northeast zone, whereas greater non-tribal population concentration (27.1%) areas was found higher in the central zone (19.2%). The BLR analysis showed that rural habitat, lower educational attainment, lack of own sanitary toilet facility, a lower wealth index, absence of electricity, high pollutant fuel exposure, Hindu and Muslim religion, elevated maternal age at first birth, maternal anemia as well as home delivery of newborn have greater odds for LBW (p/p

Bilateral giant juvenile fibroadenoma of breasts

An 11-year-old girl with rapidly enlarging bilateral breast lumps is reported. It was diagnosed as a case of juvenile fibroadenoma following fine needle aspiration cytology and confirmed on histopathological examination of the excised specimens

Bilateral giant juvenile fibroadenoma of breasts

An 11-year-old girl with rapidly enlarging bilateral breast lumps is reported. It was diagnosed as a case of juvenile fibroadenoma following fine needle aspiration cytology and confirmed on histopathological examination of the excised specimens

Ambient-Stable Bis-Azoaromatic-Centered Diradical (L-center dot)M(L-center dot)] Complexes of Rh(III): Synthesis, Structure, Redox, and Spin-Spin Interaction

Bis-azoaromatic electron traps, viz. 2-(2-pyridylazo)azoarene 1, have been synthesized by colligating electron-deficient pyridine and azoarene moieties, and they act as apposite proradical templates for the formation of stable open-shell diradical complexes (1(center dot-))Rh-III(1(center dot-))](+) (2](+)), starting from the low-valent electron reservoir Rh-I]. The less stable monoradical Rh-III(1(center dot-))Cl-2(PPh3)(3)] (3) has also been isolated as a minor product. These p-radical complexes are multiredox systems, and the electron transfer processes occur exclusively within the pincer-type NNN ligand backbone 1. Molecular and electronic structures of the diradicals and monoradicals have been ascertained with the aid of X-ray diffraction, electrochemical, spectroelectrochemical, and spectral (electronic, IR, NMR, and EPR) studies. In the diradicals 2](+), the orthogonal disposition of two ligand pi orbitals linked via a closed-shell metal center (t(2)(6)) impedes significant coupling between the radicals. Indeed, the observed magnetic moment of 2a](+) lies near similar to 2.3 mu(B) over the temperature range 50-300 K. A very weak antiferromagnetic (AF) intramolecular spin-spin interaction between two ligand pi arrays in (1(center dot-))Rh-III(1(center dot-))](+) have been found experimentally (J approximate to -5 cm(-1)), and this is further substantiated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations at the (U)B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) level

Ambient-Stable Bis-Azoaromatic-Centered Diradical [(L^•)M(L^•)] Complexes of Rh(III): Synthesis, Structure, Redox, and Spin–Spin Interaction

Bis-azoaromatic electron traps, viz. 2-(2-pyridylazo)­azoarene <b>1</b>, have been synthesized by colligating electron-deficient pyridine and azoarene moieties, and they act as apposite proradical templates for the formation of stable open-shell diradical complexes [(<b>1</b>^•–)­Rh^III(<b>1</b>^•–)]⁺ ([<b>2</b>]⁺), starting from the low-valent electron reservoir [Rh^I]. The less stable monoradical [Rh^III(<b>1</b>^•–)­Cl₂(PPh₃)₃] (<b>3</b>) has also been isolated as a minor product. These π-radical complexes are multiredox systems, and the electron transfer processes occur exclusively within the pincer-type NNN ligand backbone <b>1</b>. Molecular and electronic structures of the diradicals and monoradicals have been ascertained with the aid of X-ray diffraction, electrochemical, spectroelectrochemical, and spectral (electronic, IR, NMR, and EPR) studies. In the diradicals [<b>2</b>]⁺, the orthogonal disposition of two ligand π orbitals linked via a closed-shell metal center (t₂⁶) impedes significant coupling between the radicals. Indeed, the observed magnetic moment of [<b>2a</b>]^<b>+</b> lies near ∼2.3 μ_B over the temperature range 50–300 K. A very weak antiferromagnetic (AF) intramolecular spin–spin interaction between two ligand π arrays in [<b>(1</b>^•–)­Rh^III(<b>1</b>^•–)]⁺ have been found experimentally (<i>J</i> ≈ −5 cm^–1), and this is further substantiated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations at the (U)­B3LYP/6-31G­(d,p) level