Challenges of Video Monitoring for Phenomenological Diagnostics in Present and Future Tokamaks

With the development of heterogeneous camera networks working at different wavelengths and frame rates and covering a large surface of vacuum vessel, the visual observation of a large variety of plasma and thermal phenomena (e.g., hot spots, ELMs, MARFE, arcs, dusts, etc.) becomes possible. In the domain of machine protection, a phenomenological diagnostic is a key-element towards plasma/thermal event dangerousness assessment during real time operation. It is also of primary importance to automate the extraction and the storage of phenomena information for further off-line event retrieval and analysis, thus leading to a better use of massive image data bases for plasma physics studies. To this end, efforts have been devoted to the development of image processing algorithms dedicated to the recognition of specific events. But a need arises now for the integration of techniques developed so far in both hardware and software directions. We present in this paper our latests results in the field of real time phenomena recognition and management through our image understanding software platform. This platform has been validated on Tore Supra during operation and is under evaluation for the foreseen imaging diagnostic of ITER

Magnetic-field control of near-field radiative heat transfer and the realization of highly tunable hyperbolic thermal emitters

We present a comprehensive theoretical study of the magnetic field dependence of the near-field radiative heat transfer (NFRHT) between two parallel plates. We show that when the plates are made of doped semiconductors, the near-field thermal radiation can be severely affected by the application of a static magnetic field. We find that irrespective of its direction, the presence of a magnetic field reduces the radiative heat conductance, and dramatic reductions up to 700% can be found with fields of about 6 T at room temperature. We show that this striking behavior is due to the fact that the magnetic field radically changes the nature of the NFRHT. The field not only affects the electromagnetic surface waves (both plasmons and phonon polaritons) that normally dominate the near-field radiation in doped semiconductors, but it also induces hyperbolic modes that progressively dominate the heat transfer as the field increases. In particular, we show that when the field is perpendicular to the plates, the semiconductors become ideal hyperbolic near-field emitters. More importantly, by changing the magnetic field, the system can be continuously tuned from a situation where the surface waves dominate the heat transfer to a situation where hyperbolic modes completely govern the near-field thermal radiation. We show that this high tunability can be achieved with accessible magnetic fields and very common materials like n-doped InSb or Si. Our study paves the way for an active control of NFRHT and it opens the possibility to study unique hyperbolic thermal emitters without the need to resort to complicated metamaterials.Comment: 21 pages, 10 figure

Estrés laboral en los docentes del Senati - Talara, 2016

La presente investigación se realizó con el objetivo de determinar el nivel de estrés laboral en los docentes del SENATI - Talara, 2016. La metodología que se utilizó fue la descriptiva ya que el propósito fue describir el comportamiento de la variable. La muestra fue de 20 docentes. Como instrumento se utilizó un cuestionario de 77 ítems, 6 dimensiones. Los datos fueron procesados con el software SPSS (versión 23). De los resultados obtenidos en este trabajo se pudo concluir que el nivel de estrés laboral en función a la ansiedad obtuvo el 52.89% en el nivel bajo, 44.22% en el nivel medio y 2.87% en el nivel alto. El nivel de estrés laboral en función a la depresión de los docentes alcanzó el 63.50% en el nivel bajo, 34.50% en el nivel medio y 2% en el nivel alto. El nivel de estrés laboral en función a las presiones de los docentes llegó al 43.50% en el nivel bajo, 48% al nivel medio y 8.5% al nivel alto. El nivel de estrés laboral en función a las creencias desadaptativas de los docentes obtuvo el 39.17% en el nivel bajo, 54.58% en el nivel medio y 6.25% en el nivel alto. El nivel de estrés laboral en función a la desmotivación de los docentes alcanzó el 37.69% en el nivel bajo, 44.81% en el nivel medio y 17.50% en el nivel alto. El nivel de estrés laboral en función al mal afrontamiento de los docentes llegó al 17.08% en el nivel bajo, 52.92% al nivel medio y 30% al nivel alto. El nivel de estrés laboral de los docentes del SENATI - Talara, 2016, se encuentra el 42.31% en el nivel bajo, 46.33% en el nivel medio y 11.36% en el nivel alto.Tesi

Estrés laboral en los docentes del Senati - Talara, 2016

La presente investigación se realizó con el objetivo de determinar el nivel de estrés laboral en los docentes del SENATI - Talara, 2016. La metodología que se utilizó fue la descriptiva ya que el propósito fue describir el comportamiento de la variable. La muestra fue de 20 docentes. Como instrumento se utilizó un cuestionario de 77 ítems, 6 dimensiones. Los datos fueron procesados con el software SPSS (versión 23). De los resultados obtenidos en este trabajo se pudo concluir que el nivel de estrés laboral en función a la ansiedad obtuvo el 52.89% en el nivel bajo, 44.22% en el nivel medio y 2.87% en el nivel alto. El nivel de estrés laboral en función a la depresión de los docentes alcanzó el 63.50% en el nivel bajo, 34.50% en el nivel medio y 2% en el nivel alto. El nivel de estrés laboral en función a las presiones de los docentes llegó al 43.50% en el nivel bajo, 48% al nivel medio y 8.5% al nivel alto. El nivel de estrés laboral en función a las creencias desadaptativas de los docentes obtuvo el 39.17% en el nivel bajo, 54.58% en el nivel medio y 6.25% en el nivel alto. El nivel de estrés laboral en función a la desmotivación de los docentes alcanzó el 37.69% en el nivel bajo, 44.81% en el nivel medio y 17.50% en el nivel alto. El nivel de estrés laboral en función al mal afrontamiento de los docentes llegó al 17.08% en el nivel bajo, 52.92% al nivel medio y 30% al nivel alto. El nivel de estrés laboral de los docentes del SENATI - Talara, 2016, se encuentra el 42.31% en el nivel bajo, 46.33% en el nivel medio y 11.36% en el nivel alto.Tesi

Integrated software for imaging data analysis applied to edge plasma physic and operational safety

Fusion tokamaks are complex devices requiring many diagnostics for real time control of the plasma and off-line physical analysis. In current tokamaks, imaging diagnostics have become increasingly used for these two purposes. Such systems produce a lot of data encouraging physicists to use shared tools and codes for data access and analysis. If general purpose software programs for data display and analysis are widely spread, a need exists in developing similar applications for quantitative imaging data analysis applied to plasma physic. In this paper, we introduce a new integrated software program, named wolff, dedicated to this task. The main contribution of this software is to gather under the same framework different functionalities for (1) data access and display, (2) signal, image, and video processing, and (3) quantitative analysis based on physical models. After an overview of existing solutions for data processing in the field of plasma data, we present the wolff architecture and its currently implemented features. The capabilities of the software are then demonstrated through three applications in the field of physical analysis (heat and particle flux calculations) and tokamak operation (safety operation)

A Cognitive Vision System for Nuclear Fusion Device Monitoring

International audienceWe propose a cognitive vision-based system for the intelligent monitoring of tokamaks during plasma operation, based on multi-sensor data analysis and symbolic reasoning. The practical purpose is to detect and characterize in real time abnormal events such as hot spots measured through infrared images of the in-vessel components in order to take adequate decisions. Our system is made intelligent by the use of a priori knowledge of both contextual and perceptual information for ontology-driven event modeling and task-oriented event recognition. The system is made original by combining both physics-based and perceptual information during the recognition process. Real time reasoning is achieved thanks to task-level software optimizations. The framework is generic and can be easily adapted to different fusion device environments. This paper presents the developed system and its achievements on real data of the Tore Supra tokamak imaging system

Club cell CREB regulates the goblet cell transcriptional network and pro-mucin effects of IL-1B

Introduction: Club cells are precursors for mucus-producing goblet cells. Interleukin 1β (IL-1B) is an inflammatory mediator with pro-mucin activities that increases the number of mucus-producing goblet cells. IL-1B-mediated mucin production in alveolar adenocarcinoma cells requires activation of the cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB). Whether the pro-mucin activities of IL-1B require club cell CREB is unknown.Methods: We challenged male mice with conditional loss of club cell Creb1 and wild type littermates with intra-airway IL-1B or vehicle. Secondarily, we studied human “club cell-like” H322 cells.Results: IL-1B increased whole lung mRNA of secreted (Mucin 5ac, Mucin 5b) and tethered (Mucin 1, Mucin 4) mucins independent of genotype. However, loss of club cell Creb1 increased whole lung mRNA of member RAS oncogene family (Rab3D), decreased mRNA of the muscarinic receptor 3 (M3R) and prevented IL-1B mediated increases in purinergic receptor P2Y, (P2ry2) mRNA. IL-1B increased the density of goblet cells containing neutral mucins in wildtype mice but not in mice with loss of club cell Creb1. These findings suggested that club cell Creb1 regulated mucin secretion. Loss of club cell Creb1 also prevented IL-1B-mediated impairments in airway mechanics. Four days of pharmacologic CREB inhibition in H322 cells increased mRNA abundance of forkhead box A2 (FOXA2), a repressor of goblet cell expansion, and decreased mRNA expression of SAM pointed domain containing ETS transcription factor (SPDEF), a driver of goblet cell expansion. Chromatin immunoprecipitation demonstrated that CREB directly bound to the promoter region of FOXA2, but not to the promoter region of SPDEF. Treatment of H322 cells with IL-1B increased cAMP levels, providing a direct link between IL-1B and CREB signaling.Conclusion: Our findings suggest that club cell Creb1 regulates the pro-mucin properties of IL-1B through pathways likely involving FOXA2