Anode materials for electrochemical waste destruction

Electrochemical Oxidation (ECO) offers promise as a low-temperature, atmospheric pressure method for safe destruction of hazardous organic chemical wastes in water. Anode materials tend to suffer corrosion in the intensely oxidizing environment of the ECO cell. There is a need for cheaper, more resistant materials. In this experiment, a system is described for testing anode materials, with examples of several common anodes such as stainless steel, graphite, and platinized titanium. The ECO system is simple and safe to operate and the experiment can easily be expanded in scope to study the effects of different solutions, temperatures, and organic materials

Kysat-2 Electrical Power System Design and Analysis

A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the College of Science & Technology Morehead State University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science by Brandon L. Molton on June 4, 2013

MonoSLAM: Real-time single camera SLAM

Published versio

California Conservation Banking: Motivations, Values, and Climate Change Considerations

Conservation banking is a market-based instrument and conservation tool designed to provide compensatory mitigation for impacts to endangered species. These banks provide both ecological and economic benefits, however their ability to continue providing these benefits is threatened by climate change. The motivational factors behind the decisions to establish a conservation bank may be related to how likely climate change is address in conservation bank management. California is home the majority of the conservation banks in the United States and is facing increasingly worrying climate change impacts such as severe drought, frequent wildfires, and sea level rise. This setting provides an interesting area in which to assess the relationships between conservation banking motivations, values, and climate change considerations. Specifically, this study seeks to answer the following questions: is the establishment of California conservation banks primarily driven by financial or environmental motivations and interests? Do California conservation banking practitioners view climate change as a threat to conservation banks? Do conservation bank establishment documents and management plans currently address climate change

Calcium regulates acid-sensing ion channel 3 activation by competing with protons in the channel pore and at an allosteric binding site

The extracellular Ca2+ concentration changes locally under certain physiological and pathological conditions. Such variations affect the function of ion channels of the nervous system, and consequently also neuronal signalling. We investigated here the mechanisms by which Ca2+ controls the activity of acid-sensing ion channel (ASIC) 3. ASICs are neuronal, H+-gated Na+ channels involved in several physiological and pathological processes, including the expression of fear, learning, pain sensation and neurodegeneration after ischemic stroke. It was previously shown that Ca2+ negatively modulates the ASIC pH dependence. While protons are default activators of ASIC3, this channel can also be activated at pH7.4 by removal of the extracellular Ca2+. Two previous studies concluded that low pH opens ASIC3 by displacing Ca2+ ions that block the channel pore at physiological pH. We show here that an acidic residue, distant from the pore, controls, together with pore residues, the modulation of ASIC3 by Ca2+. Our study identifies a new regulatory site in ASIC3 and demonstrates that ASIC3 activation involves an allosteric mechanism together with Ca2+ unbinding from the channel pore. We provide a molecular analysis of a regulatory mechanism found in many ion channels

La recherche expérimentale en aérodynamique à l’ONERA – L’exemple du buffet transsonique

International audienceThe paper reviews research conducted at ONERA over the last thirty years on the transonic buffet. We first present the transonic buffet phenomenon and we explain its importance for aeronautical applications. Then, a distinction is made between the 2D buffet produced by an airfoil and the 3D buffet that characterizes swept wings of finite span. The 2D buffet amounts to a pure oscillation of the shock phase-locked with the detachment and reattachment of the boundary layer downstream, whereas the 3D buffet takes the form of a pocket of broadband perturbations located in a limitedportion of the wing. We recall that these mechanisms were first studied in the 1980s through a series of tests conducted in the transonic wind tunnel ONERA T2 at Toulouse and in the large transonic wind tunnel ONERA S2Ma at Modane. Since this pioneering work, progress in the measurement techniques has led to the constitution of a comprehensive database of the 2D buffet that we describe. This database, obtained in the wind tunnel ONERA S3Ch at Meudon, has been extensively used to validate various CFD tools, with the latter being used in turn to investigate the buffet physics. We illustrate this collaboration between simulation and physics by recalling that a linear stability analysis of accurate Reynolds-Averaged-Navier-Stokes (RANS) solutions made it possible to prove that the buffet on a 2D airfoil stems from a global instability mechanism.We also review more recent tests done in the case of a laminar airfoil, which reveal very distinct behaviors of the buffet flow. This illustrates how sensitive the buffet is to the nature of the boundary layer. The last section of the paper gives a short overview of advanced simulations for these different test cases. In the conclusion, we list research perspectives, which include some more general topics such as data assimilation.L'article passe en revue les recherches menées à l'ONERA au cours des trente dernières années sur le buffet transsonique. Nous présentons d'abord le phénomène du buffet transsonique et nous expliquons son importance pour les applications aéronautiques. On distingue ensuite le buffet 2D produit par une aile bidimensionnelle et le buffet 3D qui caractérise les ailes en flèches d’envergure finie. Le buffet 2D se présente sous la forme d’une oscillation d’ensemble de tout l’écoulement couplant un déplacement de l’onde de choc et le décollement de la couche limite en aval de ce choc. Le buffet 3D prend quant à lui la forme d'une poche de perturbations localisées dans une portion limitée de l'aile. Nous rappelons que ces mécanismes ont d'abord été étudiés à l’ONERA dans les années 80 à travers une série de tests réalisés dans la soufflerie transsonique T2 à Toulouse et dans la grande soufflerie transsonique S2 de Modane. Ces travaux pionniers ont ensuite été approfondis dans la soufflerie S3Ch de Meudon de manière à élaborer une base de données complète du buffet 2D sur une aile 2D en régime turbulent, que nous décrivons. Cette base de données a été utilisée de façon extensive, à l’ONERA et dans d’autres institutions pour valider différents outils de simulation, ces derniers étant alors utilisés à leur tour pour étudier la physique du buffet. Nous illustrons cette collaboration entre la simulation et la physique en rappelant qu'une analyse de stabilité linéaire de solutions précises des équations de Navier-Stokes moyennées au sens de Reynolds (RANS) a permis de prouver que le buffet 2D provient d'un mécanisme d'instabilité globale. Nous passons également en revue des essais plus récents réalisés dans la soufflerie S3Ch sur le cas d'une aile 2D laminaire qui révèlent des comportements très distincts par rapport au cas turbulent. Cela illustre la sensibilité du buffet à la nature de la couche limite. Le dernier paragraphe du document donne un bref aperçu des simulations avancées de ces différents cas tests. Dans la conclusion, nous énumérons les perspectives de recherche sur le sujet, qui incluent aussi des thématiques méthodologiques plus générales telles que l'assimilation de données

Experiment on jet-vortex interaction for variable mutual spacing

The interaction of a line vortex with a collinearly aligned jet is a prototypical configuration for various important applications in aeronautics. The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of the jet flow on the kinematics and dynamics of a trailing vortex. A particular emphasis is on the effect of a variable relative jet–vortex spacing. To this end, we realized four different jet–vortex configurations in a wind-tunnel experiment at chord-based Reynolds number of 1.7 × 10^5 using high-speed stereo particle image velocimetry measurements in five transversal planes located between 2 and 26 chords behind the wing. Stochastic analyses reveal that the jet generally contributes an external excitation to the vortex as a function of the mutual spacing. Compared with the configuration without jets, the vortex amplification increases upon reducing the jet–vortex spacing. Most notably, for all but the closest spacing, the vortex response is qualitatively the same, changing mainly in magnitude. For the closest spacing, however, the dynamics is considerably different, which we suspect to be a consequence of jet entrainment. Proper orthogonal decomposition reveals, for the first time, that the collinearly aligned jet tends to excite a progressively broader range of vortex modes as the jet–vortex spacing is reduced. Close examination of the vortex mean flow seems to preclude linear vortex instabilities, while the vortex characteristics hint towards some form of receptivity mechanism to disturbances being located in the free stream. Our analyses are useful to validate simulation tools on configurations combining simultaneous lift and thrust effects

Supplementary material for the article: Wang, L.; Zlatar, M.; Vlahović, F.; Demeshko, S.; Philouze, C.; Molton, F.; Gennari, M.; Meyer, F.; Duboc, C.; Gruden, M. Experimental and Theoretical Identification of the Origin of Magnetic Anisotropy in Intermediate Spin Iron(III) Complexes. Chemistry - A European Journal 2018, 24 (20), 5091–5094. https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201705989

Supplementary material for: [https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201705989]Related to published version: [http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2130