Children’s narratives on migrant refugees: a practice of global citizenship

Globalisation has brought about great social and economic impact, as well as great challenges. Major developments have taken place in the mobility of capital and, to a lesser extent, of goods; not so in the mobility of people seeking asylum due to persecution and war. This article approaches the phenomenon of migration, particularly of refugees, as learning content for early childhood. The research is presented from a qualitative approach based on the results of a project on this topic implemented in a rural school in Spain. The results of the data analysis reveal that children attribute external reasons, of survival, to the refugees’ forced departure from their country of origin. The children’s imaginary reproduces the social construction of adults on the status and situation of refugees, and they also show a critical attitude towards the violation of human rights and the abuse of fellow children. Finally, respect, cultural empathy and social commitment in the face of injustice are presented as fundamental values for education in global citizenship from the earliest stages of schooling

Entanglement renormalization for interacting field theories

A general method to build the entanglement renormalization (cMERA) for interacting quantum field theories is presented. We improve upon the well-known Gaussian formalism used in free theories through a class of variational non-Gaussian wave functionals for which expectation values of local operators can be efficiently calculated analytically and in a closed form. The method consists of a series of scale-dependent nonlinear canonical transformations on the fields of the theory under consideration. Here, the lambda phi(4) and the sine-Gordon scalar theories are used to illustrate how nonperturbative effects far beyond the Gaussian approximation are obtained by considering the energy functional and the correlation functions of the theory.J.J.F.M. acknowledges A. Bhattacharyya and T. Takayanagi for useful discussions and comments. J.M.V. thanks J. Cotler and M. Muller for many fruitful discussions. The work of J.J.F. M. is supported by Universidad de Murcia. J.M.V. is supported by Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad FIS2015-69512-R and Programa de Excelencia de la Fundacion Seneca 19882/GERM/15. J.J.F. M. and E.T.L. acknowledge the financial support of Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad and CARM Fundacion Seneca under Grants No. FIS2015-28521 and No. 21257/PI/19

Accompanied child irregular migrants who arrive to Spain in small boats: experiences and health needs

The European Union is the preferred destination of child irregular migrants arrived from northern Africa, who risk their lives crossing the Mediterranean Sea in small boats. Accompanied Child Irregular Migrants (AChIMs) are exposed to physical and psychological risk. The objective of our study is to describe and understand the experiences and health needs of AChIMs who arrive to Spain in small boats, through the testimony of adults who accompany them on the journey. A qualitative study, based on Gadamer's hermeneutic phenomenology, was performed. After obtaining approval from the Ethics and Research Committee, we conducted in-depth interviews on 32 adults who travelled with AChIMs. Two main themes emerged: (1) The journey a child should never have to take, with the subthemes 'AChIMs as a paradigm of vulnerability' and 'Crossing the sea, playing with death' and (2) Characterising emergency care to AChIMs, with the subthemes 'Prioritising specific care', 'Identifying high-risk situations' and 'The detaining of innocent children'. AChIMs, along with adults, risk their lives in such a dangerous and perilous journey, therefore, finding out about their experiences may contribute to improving the treatment of their specific health needs during the phases of rescue and emergency care

Origen, migraciones y relaciones filogenéticas de las razas ganaderas de Andalucía Oriental

Nuestra región a lo largo de la historia se ha visto invadida, conquistada o visitada por una gran variedad de culturas, que provenientes de Africa, el Mediterráneo, o resto de Europa se instalaron en nuestra tierra. Estos pobladores, desde los antiguos Íberos, pasando por los Fenicios, Tartesos y Romanos hasta llegar a los Árabes y los Castellanos, trajeron consigo unas poblaciones de animales que contribuyeron a la formación de la gran variedad actual de razas autóctonas en Andalucía. En este trabajo realizaremos una descripción del origen de las razas autóctonas ovinas, caprinas, bovinas y porcinas de Andalucía Oriental teniendo en cuenta sus vías de acceso y distribución a lo largo de los distintos periodos históricos y sus relaciones filogenéticas, haciendo un análisis de la influencia de estas razas en el mantenimiento del equilibrio ecológico y poblacional de los espacios donde tradicionalmente se han venido explotando

La opinión de los reos sobre la justicia penal en México: explorando los efectos de la justicia procedimental

[ES] El objetivo de este trabajo es abordar un tema inexplorado hasta ahora: la justicia procedimental desde la visión de la población en reclusión en México. La intención es describir cuantitativamente la opinión de este grupo sobre los procedimientos que han experimentado, aspecto que puede ser muy interesante si se tiene en cuenta que estas personas han tenido un contacto directo con todas las instancias del proceso penal, a diferencia de la mayoría de la población que, por lo general, forma su opinión sin tener contacto con el sistema de justicia. Además del análisis descriptivo, se analiza la relación entre las experiencias de justicia procedimental de los internos con aspectos como la satisfacción con el sistema de justicia y la evaluación sobre la sentencia recibida. El análisis se realiza sobre datos de una encuesta aplicada a internos de centros de reclusión federal en México, en el año 2012. Los resultados muestran las variables y dimensiones de la justicia procedimental que más afectan la evaluación del sistema de justicia penal, con lo cual se realizan algunas sugerencias de política criminal dirigidas principalmente hacia los operadores del sistema de justicia

Sonication of intramedullary nails: Clinically-related infection and contamination

Background and Aim: Sonication is currently considered the best procedure for microbiological diagnosis of implant-related osteoarticular infection, but studies in nail-related infections are lacking. The study aim was to evaluate implant sonication after intramedullary nail explantation, and relate it to microbiological cultures and clinical outcome. Patients and Methods: A study was performed in two University Hospitals from the same city. Thirty-one patients with implanted nails were prospectively included, whether with clinical infection (8 cases) or without (23 cases). Retrieved nails underwent sonication according a previously published protocol. The clinical and microbiological outcome patient was related to the presence of microorganisms in the retrieved implant. Results: Positive results appeared in 15/31 patients (9 with polymicrobial infections) almost doubling those clinically infected cases. The most commonly isolated organisms were Staphylococcus epidermidis (19.2 %) and Staphylococcus aureus (15.4 %). A significant relationship was found between the presence of positive cultures and previous local superficial infection (p=0.019). The presence of usual pathogens was significantly related to clinical infection (p=0.005) or local superficial infection (p=0.032). All patients with positive cultures showed pain diminution or absence of pain after nail removal (15/15), but this only occurred in 8 (out of 16) patients with negative cultures. Conclusions: In patients with previously diagnosed infection or local superficial infection, study of the hardware is mandatory. In cases where pain or patient discomfort is observed, nail sonication can help diagnose the implant colonization with potential pathogens that might require specific treatment to improve the final outcomePart of this work was funded by grants from the Comunidad de Madrid (S2009/MAT-1472) and from the CONSOLIDER-INGENIO Program (FUNCOAT-CSD2008- 00023). DMM was funded by a grant from the Fundación Conchita Rábago de Jiménez Día

Understanding violence against women irregular migrants who arrive in Spain in small boats

African irregular migrants risk their lives crossing the Mediterranean Sea in small boats hoping to reach Europe. Women irregular migrants (WIMs) are an especially vulnerable group that suffer from violence and sexual aggression, but little is known about their actual experiences. The objective of our study is to describe and understand the violence against WIMs who arrive in Spain in small boats. A qualitative study based on Gadamer’s phenomenology was used. The data collection included twenty-six in-depth interviews with WIMs. Three main themes arose: “Poverty and discrimination push WIMs into migrating”; “WIMs as a paradigm of extreme vulnerability”, and “WIMs in small boats should raise the alarm”. WIMs who arrive to Europe in small boats have a history of violence, rape, prostitution, forced pregnancy, and human trafficking. Emergency care must include gynecological examinations and must make detecting sexual violence and human trafficking of WIMs part of their care protocols

Sexuality throughout all the stages of pregnancy: experiences of expectant mothers

Objective: To explore and understand the sexual experiences of expectant mothers during their pregnancy. Methods: The study was carried out in two healthcare centers in the Almería Health District, in southern Spain. The participants included pregnant women who received prenatal care and/or maternity education. The inclusion criteria were being pregnant, maintaining sexual activity and agreeing to participate in the study. The exclusion criteria were having limitations on sexual activity by medical prescription. The sample consisted of 15 expectant women selected using a convenience sample, of which 5 took part in a focus group (FG) and 10 in in-depth interviews (IDI). Data was collected between the months of June and December 2016. Participants were contacted by the main researcher and an appointment was made to carry out the FGs or the IDIs. Results: Three main categories emerged: False beliefs and a holistic approach to sexuality during pregnancy, which is related to the concept of sexuality, false beliefs, and limited sexual counseling during pregnancy. Limitations: From fear at the beginning to physical diffi culty at the end, referring to the fluctuations in sexual desire as well as the physical changes that limit sexual activity. Adapting to changes: safe practices and satisfaction with one’s body image, which encompasses concerns about the risks and the relationship between body image and self-esteem. Conclusion: A lack of sexual counseling during pregnancy leads to the creation of false beliefs, which, together with physical changes, concerns about the risk, and fl uctuations in sexual desire and interest, bring about a decrease in sexual activity. But sexuality remains an important aspect of pregnancy, toward which the participants must adopt a broader approach, not limited to intercourse, and adopt sexual practices that are adapted to the physical and emotional changes that happen during this time

Fundamental care and knowledge interests: implications for nursing science

Aims and objectives: The aim of this discursive paper was to characterize the intra-theoretical interests of knowledge in nursing science as an epistemological framework for fundamental care. Background: For Jürgen Habermas, theory does not separate knowledge interests from life. All knowledge, understanding and human research is always interested. Habermas formulated the knowledge interests in empirical-analytical, historical hermeneutic and critical social sciences; but said nothing about health sciences and nursing science. Design: Discursive paper. Results: The paper is organised into five sections that develop our argument about the implications of the Habermasian intra theoretical interests in nursing science and fundamental care: the persistence of a technical interest, the predominance of a practical interest, the importance of an emancipatory interest, “being there” to understand individuals’ experience and an “existential crisis” that uncovers the individual’s subjectivity. Conclusions: The nursing discipline can take on practical and emancipatory interests (together with a technical interest) as its fundamental knowledge interests. Nurses’ privileged position in the delivery of fundamental care gives them the opportunity to gain a deep understanding of the patient’s experience and illness process through physical contact and empathic communication. Relevance to clinical practice and nursing research: In clinical, academic and research environments, nurses should highlight the importance of fundamental care, showcasing the value of practical and emancipatory knowledge. This process could help to improve nursing science’s leadership, social visibility and idiosyncrasy