Structural Change in the Capital Goods Sector and its Impact on Three Developed Economies. Analysis of Important Coefficients

Por medio del empleo de la metodología de coeficientes importantes por límites tolerables y su aplicación en el análisis de redes se analiza la función de articulación de los bienes de capital, con el conjunto de la estructura productiva y también su grado de integración con las actividades que marcan la dinámica de desarrollo de cada economía. Considerando tres países desarrollados, Japón, Alemania y Estados Unidos, entre (1985-2005), periodo en el que tuvieron lugar múltiples transformaciones, y la fragmentación y especialización productiva ha impactado a las economías en su conjunto y al sector de bienes de capital en particular.Through the use of the methodology of important coefficients by tolerable limits and its application in the analysis of networks, the articulation function of capital goods is analyzed with the whole of the productive structure and also its degree of integration with the activities that they mark the development dynamics of each economy. Considering three developed countries, Japan, Germany and the United States, between (1985-2005), a period in which multiple transformations took place, and fragmentation and productive specialization has impacted the economies as a whole and the capital goods sector in particular

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Infected pancreatic necrosis: outcomes and clinical predictors of mortality. A post hoc analysis of the MANCTRA-1 international study

: The identification of high-risk patients in the early stages of infected pancreatic necrosis (IPN) is critical, because it could help the clinicians to adopt more effective management strategies. We conducted a post hoc analysis of the MANCTRA-1 international study to assess the association between clinical risk factors and mortality among adult patients with IPN. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify prognostic factors of mortality. We identified 247 consecutive patients with IPN hospitalised between January 2019 and December 2020. History of uncontrolled arterial hypertension (p = 0.032; 95% CI 1.135-15.882; aOR 4.245), qSOFA (p = 0.005; 95% CI 1.359-5.879; aOR 2.828), renal failure (p = 0.022; 95% CI 1.138-5.442; aOR 2.489), and haemodynamic failure (p = 0.018; 95% CI 1.184-5.978; aOR 2.661), were identified as independent predictors of mortality in IPN patients. Cholangitis (p = 0.003; 95% CI 1.598-9.930; aOR 3.983), abdominal compartment syndrome (p = 0.032; 95% CI 1.090-6.967; aOR 2.735), and gastrointestinal/intra-abdominal bleeding (p = 0.009; 95% CI 1.286-5.712; aOR 2.710) were independently associated with the risk of mortality. Upfront open surgical necrosectomy was strongly associated with the risk of mortality (p < 0.001; 95% CI 1.912-7.442; aOR 3.772), whereas endoscopic drainage of pancreatic necrosis (p = 0.018; 95% CI 0.138-0.834; aOR 0.339) and enteral nutrition (p = 0.003; 95% CI 0.143-0.716; aOR 0.320) were found as protective factors. Organ failure, acute cholangitis, and upfront open surgical necrosectomy were the most significant predictors of mortality. Our study confirmed that, even in a subgroup of particularly ill patients such as those with IPN, upfront open surgery should be avoided as much as possible. Study protocol registered in ClinicalTrials.Gov (I.D. Number NCT04747990)

The productive articulation as a key element for economic development: the experience of Spain, South Korea and Mexico facing the process of internationalization of production, 1980-2000

Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, Departamento de Economía Aplicada I (Economía Internacional y Desarrollo), leída el 20/01/2016La articulación productiva, como una característica esencial de la estructura económica, es un tema poco analizado por la teoría económica. Por lo tanto, esta tesis pretende incorporarla en el análisis económico de manera explícita, para estudiar los efectos que tienen sobre las características de las estructuras económicas la actual forma de organización de la producción y el comercio a nivel mundial. La investigación analiza las repercusiones de la producción fragmentada sobre las características de las estructuras económicas y los posibles efectos para el desarrollo económico. Se estudian tres países – Corea del Sur, España y México –, caracterizados por una fuerte integración internacional. Con el fin de evaluar el desempeño económico bajo modelos de desarrollo disímiles, se comparan el año de 1980 con al primer decenio del 2000, con el empleo de tablas input-output (TIO)...Productive articulation, as an essential feature of the economic structure, is a subject rarely analyzed by economic theory. Therefore, this thesis aims to incorporate in economic analysis in an explicit way, to study the effects on the characteristics of the economic structures the current form of organization of production and trade worldwide. The research analyzes the impact of fragmented production on the characteristics of the economic structures and the possible effects for economic development. We study three countries - South Korea, Spain and Mexico-, characterized by a strong international integration. In order to evaluate the economic performance under different development models, the year of 1980 are compared with the first decade of 2000, with the use of input-output tables (IOT)...Depto. de Economía Aplicada, Estructura e HistoriaFac. de Ciencias Económicas y EmpresarialesTRUEunpu

La industrialización orientada a la articulación, una opción para el desarrollo frente al proceso de fragmentación productiva a nivel mundial

A partir de un enfoque crítico, en esta investigación se afirma que la articulación productiva -o su ausencia- es un elemento fundamental para explicar el desarrollo de tres países inmersos en diferentes procesos de integración internacional: Corea del Sur, España y México, por lo que una de las principales conclusiones que se extraen del trabajo es que la articulación productiva debe considerarse como una categoría teórica para el análisis del funcionamiento del sistema, dada su importancia en la explicación de la dinámica económica.Introducción .-- I. La industrialización orientada a la articulación en el contexto de la fragmentación productiva: Una propuesta analítica .-- II. Corea del Sur, España y México: Consecuencias económicas de tres modelos diferentes de industrialización .-- III. Articulación productiva y sectores importantes .-- IV. Importancia del comercio internacional en las estructuras económicas de Corea del Sur, España y México desde el análisis cualitativo

Evaluación crítica de la integración de la economía mexicana al proceso de globalización: la búsqueda de una alternativa para impulsar su desarrollo económico

Mediante el análisis de la estructura productiva de México en 1980 y 2013, este trabajo explora si el estímulo al mercado interno puede complementar el dinamismo del sector externo a fin de alcanzar un proceso de crecimiento continuo y de desarrollo en una economía altamente integrada al mercado internacional. La metodología empleada es una extensión del modelo insumo-producto y el análisis de redes; en particular, el concepto de sectores verticalmente integrados es relevante para llegar a las conclusiones. Los resultados demuestran que el estímulo al mercado interno puede ser una estrategia complementaria al fomento del sector exportador para impulsar el crecimiento y el desarrollo económico. JEL: C67, F63, O14, O4

Low incidence of SARS-CoV-2, risk factors of mortality and the course of illness in the French national cohort of dialysis patients

International audienceThe aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of COVID-19 disease in the French national population of dialysis patients, their course of illness and to identify the risk factors associated with mortality. Our study included all patients on dialysis recorded in the French REIN Registry in April 2020. Clinical characteristics at last follow-up and the evolution of COVID-19 illness severity over time were recorded for diagnosed cases (either suspicious clinical symptoms, characteristic signs on the chest scan or a positive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction) for SARS-CoV-2. A total of 1,621 infected patients were reported on the REIN registry from March 16th, 2020 to May 4th, 2020. Of these, 344 died. The prevalence of COVID-19 patients varied from less than 1% to 10% between regions. The probability of being a case was higher in males, patients with diabetes, those in need of assistance for transfer or treated at a self-care unit. Dialysis at home was associated with a lower probability of being infected as was being a smoker, a former smoker, having an active malignancy, or peripheral vascular disease. Mortality in diagnosed cases (21%) was associated with the same causes as in the general population. Higher age, hypoalbuminemia and the presence of an ischemic heart disease were statistically independently associated with a higher risk of death. Being treated at a selfcare unit was associated with a lower risk. Thus, our study showed a relatively low frequency of COVID-19 among dialysis patients contrary to what might have been assumed