Vicente Blasco Ibáñez: his visit to Argentina through the El Diario Español

En mayo de 1909 el literato español Vicente Blasco Ibáñez se embarcó en Lisboa rumbo a Buenos Aires para dar un ciclo de conferencias histórico-políticas y culturales. Desde que se supo que viajaría a la Argentina la prensa de las dos orillas del Atlántico se ocupó tanto del viaje como de las actividades desarrolladas por el novelista en aquel país. Se generaron altos niveles de expectación siendo El Diario Español — principal periódico de la colectividad de inmigrantes españoles desde comienzos del siglo XX— el medio que más colaboró en promover esta visita. Dada su relevancia, dicha publicación de carácter étnico es objeto de estudio en este trabajo. A través de sus páginas se analizará la visita de Blasco Ibáñez a la Argentina, su impacto y los vínculos intelectuales de éste con algunos miembros destacados de la colectividad española.In May of 1909 the Spanish writer Vicente Blasco Ibáñez embarked in Lisbon on road to Buenos Aires to give a series on historical-political and cultural conferences. Since it was known that he would travel to Argentina, the press from both shores of the Atlantic followed the trip as the activities developed by the novelist in that country. High levels of expectation were generated being El Diario Español —main newspaper of the spanish immigrant community since the beginning of the 20th century´s— the media that collaborated the most on promoting this visit. Due to the importance of this ethnic publication it is studied in this article. Through its pages, it will be analyzed the visit of Vicente Blasco Ibáñez to Argentina, its impact and the intellectual relationship of it with some notable members of spanish´s community

Rôle de la cytokine IL-15 dans l'homéostasie de l'épithélium intestinal et les maladies inflammatoires de l'intestin

Abstract: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), such as Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn’s disease, are characterized by increased intestinal permeability caused by intestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction, a critical factor in the pathogenesis of IBD. The immune system is the major effector of this tissue damage, through the action of multiple cell types as well as soluble mediators, such as TNFα, which are currently therapeutic targets in the treatment of IBD. Interleukin 15 (IL-15) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in maintenance and activation of subgroups of cytotoxic lymphocytes and macrophages in the intestinal epithelium, by acting through the 3-subunit receptor IL-15R. IL-15 receptor complex consists of a unique IL-15R alpha subunit, IL-2/IL-15R beta, and the common gamma-chain/IL-2R gamma subunit. IL-15 expression is increased in IBD and in murine models of intestinal inflammation. However, the exact role of IL-15 signaling in intestinal homeostasis and inflammatory responses, particularly in intestinal epithelial cells (IEC), remains to be determined. The function of IL-15 has been widely described in immune cells, but its functions in other tissues are less well known. The aim of this thesis is to investigate the role of IL-15 in the homeostasis of the intestinal epithelium and in inflammatory bowel diseases. We tested the influence of IL-15 on intestinal homeostasis in C57BL/6 wild-type (WT), IL-15 deficient (Il15-/-) and IL-15R[alpha] deficient (Il15ra-/-) mice. After 7 days, macromorphological analysis of the small and large intestine of Il15 null mice did not reveal any spontaneous abnormalities when compared to WT littermates. To determine the impact of IL-15 signaling on intestinal proliferation and repair under exogenous stress, we exposed WT and Il15-/- mice to dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), a chemical irritant that disrupts the intestinal epithelial barrier and results in induction of colitis. Mice deficient in Il15 did not display a decreased susceptibility to acute DSS-induced colitis. Additionally, we found that blocking IL-15 signalling on DSS-colitis onset with the TM-[beta]1 antibody, who bind to the [beta] chain of the receptor shared by cytokines IL-2 and IL-15, prevents the overall outcome of the colitis associated inflammation in Il15ra-/- mice, but not in WT mice. Using mouse in vitro crypt enteroids from WT and Il15-deficient mice, this study demonstrates that exogenous mIL-15 promoted increased mRNA levels of the Lgr5 stem cells marker only in mutant enteroids, but not other epithelial cell linage markers tested, suggesting a role of IL-15 in intestinal cell proliferation and regeneration. Intestinal enteroids stimulated with IFN[gamma] significantly reduced in vitro basal proliferation and viability in WT and Il15-deficient enteroids. Interestingly, reduced expression of the Tnfa and Cxcl10 genes was observed in Il15-deficient small intestinal organoids under IFN[gamma] treatment. In conclusion, our results suggest that IL15Rα expression in intestinal cells may be needed for the recruitment and/or maintenance of the immune cell population responsible for tissue damage in the intestine. The reduce expression of pro-inflammatory mediators in Il15-deficient enteroids indicates that epithelial IL-15 regulates crypt homeostasis through the modulation of cytokines and chemokines, that can activate leukocytes in the intestinal epithelium to perpetuate inflammation.Les maladies inflammatoires intestinales (MII), telles que la colite ulcéreuse et la maladie de Crohn, sont caractérisées par une augmentation de la perméabilité intestinale causée par un dysfonctionnement de la barrière muqueuse intestinale, facteur déterminant de la pathogenèse des MII. Le système immunitaire est le principal responsable de ces lésions tissulaires, par l'action de multiples types de cellules ainsi que de médiateurs solubles, tels que le TNFα, qui sont actuellement des cibles thérapeutiques dans le traitement des MII. L'interleukine 15 (IL-15) est une cytokine pro-inflammatoire impliquée dans le maintien et l'activation de sous-groupes de lymphocytes cytotoxiques et de macrophages dans l'épithélium intestinal, en agissant par l'intermédiaire du récepteur trimérique, l'IL-15R. L'expression de l'IL-15 est augmentée chez les patients atteints de MII et dans les modèles murins d'inflammation intestinale. Cependant, le rôle exact de la signalisation de l'IL-15 dans l'homéostasie intestinale et les réponses inflammatoires, en particulier dans les cellules épithéliales intestinales (IEC), reste à déterminer. La fonction de l'IL-15 a été largement décrite dans les cellules immunitaires, mais ses fonctions dans d'autres types cellulaires sont moins bien connues. Le but de cette thèse est d'étudier le rôle de l'IL-15 dans l'homéostasie de l'épithélium intestinal et les maladies inflammatoires de l'intestin. Nous avons testé l’influence de l’IL-15 sur l’homéostasie intestinale chez les souris C57BL/6 de type sauvage (WT) et déficientes en IL-15 (Il15-/-). Après 7 jours, l'analyse macromorphologique de l'intestin grêle et du colon de souris nulles en Il15 n'a révélé aucune anomalie spontanée par rapport aux souris WT. Pour déterminer l’impact de la signalisation de l’IL-15 sur la prolifération et la réparation intestinales sous un stress exogène, nous avons exposé des souris WT et Il15-/- au dextran sulfate de sodium (DSS), un irritant chimique qui perturbe la barrière épithéliale intestinale et induit la colite. Les souris déficientes en IL-15 ne présentaient pas une sensibilité diminuée à la colite aiguë induite par le DSS. De plus, nous avons constaté que le blocage de la signalisation de l’IL-15 dans la colite induite avec DSS par l’anticorps TM-[beta]1, qui se lient à la chaîne [beta] du récepteur partagé par les cytokines IL-2 et IL-15, empêche l’apparition globale de l’inflammation associée à la colite chez les souris Il15ra-/- mais pas chez les souris WT. En utilisant des entéroïdes de cryptes provenant de souris WT et déficientes en Il15, cette étude démontre que l’IL-15 exogène induit l'augmentation du niveau d'ARNm du marqueur de cellules souches Lgr5 dans les entéroïdes mutants, mais pas les autres marqueurs de lignées des cellules épithéliales testés, suggérant un rôle de l’IL-15 dans la prolifération et la régénération des cellules intestinales. Les organoïdes intestinaux stimulés par IFN[gamma] réduisent de manière significative la prolifération basale et la viabilité in vitro dans les entéroïdes WT par rapport à ceux déficients en Il15. Fait intéressant, une différence réduite dans l’expression des gènes Tnfa et Cxcl10 a été observée dans les entéroïdes déficients en Il15. En conclusion, nos résultats suggèrent que l’expression de IL15Rα dans les cellules intestinales pourrait être nécessaire au recrutement et / ou au maintien de la population de cellules immunitaires responsable des lésions tissulaires dans l’intestin. La réduction de l'expression des médiateurs pro-inflammatoires dans les entéroïdes déficients en Il15 indique que l'IL-15 épithéliale régule l'homéostasie des cryptes par la modulation de cytokines et de chimiokines, capables d'activer les leucocytes dans l'épithélium intestinal pour perpétuer l'inflammation

Total and Subtypes of Dietary Fat Intake and Its Association with Components of the Metabolic Syndrome in a Mediterranean Population at High Cardiovascular Risk

The effect of dietary fat intake on the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and in turn on cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains unclear in individuals at high CVD risk. Objective: To assess the association between fat intake and MetS components in an adult Mediterranean population at high CVD risk. Design: Baseline assessment of nutritional adequacy in participants (n = 6560, men and women, 55–75 years old, with overweight/obesity and MetS) in the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED)-Plus randomized trial. Methods: Assessment of fat intake (total fat, monounsatured fatty acids: MUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids: PUFA, saturated fatty acids: SFA, trans-fatty acids: trans-FA, linoleic acid, a-linolenic acid, and w-3 FA) using a validated food frequency questionnaire, and diet quality using 17-item Mediterranean dietary questionnaire and fat quality index (FQI). Results: Participants in the highest quintile of total dietary fat intake showed lower intake of energy, carbohydrates, protein and fiber, but higher intake of PUFA, MUFA, SFA, TFA, LA, ALA and !-3 FA. Differences in MetS components were found according to fat intake. Odds (5th vs. 1st quintile): hyperglycemia: 1.3–1.6 times higher for total fat, MUFA, SFA and w-3 FA intake; low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c): 1.2 higher for LA; hypertriglyceridemia: 0.7 lower for SFA and w-3 FA intake. Conclusions: Dietary fats played different role on MetS components of high CVD risk patients. Dietary fat intake was associated with higher risk of hyperglycemia.The PREDIMED-Plus trial was supported by the official funding agency for biomedical research of the Spanish government, ISCIII through the Fondo de Investigación para la Salud (FIS), which is co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (four coordinated FIS projects led by Jordi Salas-Salvadó and Josep Vidal, including the following projects: PI13/00673, PI13/00492, PI13/00272, PI13/01123, PI13/00462, PI13/00233, PI13/02184, PI13/00728, PI13/01090, PI13/01056, PI14/01722, PI14/00636, PI14/00618, PI14/00696, PI14/01206, PI14/01919, PI14/00853, PI14/01374, PI16/00473, PI16/00662, PI16/01873, PI16/01094, PI16/00501, PI16/00533, PI16/00381, PI16/00366, PI16/01522, PI16/01120, PI17/00764, PI17/01183, PI17/00855, PI17/01347, PI17/00525, PI17/01827, PI17/00532, PI17/00215, PI17/01441, PI17/00508, PI17/01732, PI17/00926), the Especial Action Project entitled: Implementación y evaluación de una intervención intensive sobre la actividad física Cohorte PREDIMED-PLUS grant to Jordi Salas-Salvadó, the European Research Council (Advanced Research Grant 2013-2018; 340918) grant to Miguel Ángel Martínez-Gonzalez, the Recercaixa grant to Jordi Salas-Salvadó (2013ACUP00194), grants from the Consejería de Salud de la Junta de Andalucía (PI0458/2013; PS0358/2016; PI0137/2018), the PROMETEO/2017/017 grant from the Generalitat Valenciana, the SEMERGEN grant, and CIBEROBN and FEDER funds (CB06/03), ISCIII. International Nut & Dried Fruit Council – FESNAD No. 201302: Miguel Ángel Martínez-Gonzalez (PI). Alicia Julibert, Maria del Mar Bibiloni, Cristina Bouzas, Lucía Ugarriza and Josep A. Tur are granted by Grant of support to research groups no. 35/2011 (Balearic Islands Gov.; FEDER funds), EU-COST ACTION CA16112, and Fundació La Marató TV3 (Spain) project ref. 201630.10

Cooperative work in the classroom

El artículo trata sobre trabajo cooperativo, en el mismo se justifica y define la importancia del trabajo cooperativo en el aula. Planteo una actividad donde a través de este tipo de trabajo los alumnos de 6º de Educación Primaria van a adquirir determinados contenidos para el área de matemática, en concreto en la unidad 5 “Las unidades de longitud”. El trabajo cooperativo nos permite atender a la diversidad del alumnado a través de los diferentes agrupamientos que se lleva a cabo y planteando actividades por nivel de competencia.The article deals with cooperative work, it is justified and defines the importance of cooperative work in the classroom. I raise an activity where through this kind of work students of 6th of Primary Education will acquire certain content for the area of mathematics, particularly in Unit 5 "length units." Cooperative work allows us to cater to the diversity of students through the different groups that carried out activities and raising level of competition

Parenting models and behavior problems in a sample of 2nd of compulsory secondary education

En la actualidad se dan, cada vez con más frecuencias, diferentes problemas de conducta en nuestros alumnos, hijos, etc. Estos problemas de conducta abarcan desde agresividad, depresión, delincuencia, etc. Dichos problemas pueden estar influenciados por diferentes variables: personales, psicopatologías, modelos de crianza, clase social, etc. En este trabajo de investigación se pretende lograr un objetivo general: el de constatar qué relación existe entre los problemas de conducta, el modelo de crianza utilizado, y como puede estar interaccionando la clase social de la familia y el sexo de los sujetosAt present, there are more and more frequent behavioral problems in our students, children, etc. These behavior problems range from aggressiveness, depression, delinquency, etc. These problems can be influenced by different variables: personal, psychopathologies, parenting models, social class, etc. This research work aims to achieve a general objective: to verify what relationship exists between behavioral problems, the parenting model used, and how the social class of the family and the sex of the subjects may be interacting

Reading and Parental Involvement

This Research focused on the effect parental involvement has on student performance when parents are taught the skills necessary. Students whose parents had received advice on methods for reading to their children performed significantly better on a standardized reading test (Fitton & Gredler, 1996). The data illustrated that when parents and teachers unite, students reading scores improves. Statement of Problem The recent changes to Dade County Public schools curriculum require more focus on literacy in the early grades. As educators we wanted to find a way in which we can help our students become better readers, and at the same time involve their parents in the process. As teachers, we want to engage parents to support their children to be successful readers. Through this Participatory Action Research we want to find out the impact parental support has on a child’s reading achievement through the involvement in reading activities? We believe there are many factors affecting parental involvement in reading, one of them being lack of home-school communication, lack of parental confidence when it comes to offering home assistance in reading, language barrier and students ’ attitudes towards reading. Purpose We implemented an after school reading club which teaches parents the skills they needed to help their kids at home. The workshops consisted of teaching parents different skills such as paired reading, phonological awareness activities, sight word activities, etc. We applied the I-DO, WE-DO, YOU-DO method during all workshops

European Issues from a Spanish Perspective: Contribution to EU-27 Watch nr 7

This paper analyses various European issues –the Irish referendum, the French EU Presidency, the EU’s Mediterranean relations, the Pact on immigration and asylum and the future of the Euro, among others– from a Spanish perspective. The EU-27 Watch is part of EU-CONSENT, a network of Excellence for joint research and teaching comprising more than 50 research institutes (of which the Elcano Royal Institute is one) that addresses questions on the mutually reinforcing effects of deepening and widening the EU. The project sheds light on key issues and challenges of European integration. The aim is to give a full comparative picture of debates on European integration and current developments in European politics in each of these countries. This is the Spanish contribution to the project. It should be pointed out that the EU-Watch covers from January to June 2008 and that it was completed in July 2008

Peer tutoring: a key element in the intercultural inclusive classrooms

En este trabajo se presenta la puesta en marcha de una experiencia de tutoría entre iguales fija llevada a cabo en el centro de una pequeña localidad de Castellón con alumnos de tercer curso de Educación Infantil y alumnos de sexto de Educación Primaria. La experiencia aquí presentada sigue un procedimiento muy marcado en el que se constituyen las parejas, se realizan sesiones de formación a los agentes implicados, se procede a la preparación y diseño de material y finalmente, se realizan las sesiones de tutoría. Tras la práctica, la recogida de información se realizó a través de un grupo de discusión con el alumnado tutor con el fin de conocer su opinión sobre el efecto que las tutorías habían tenido en ellos. Tal y como se muestra en los resultados, los tutores apuntan que la participación en las tutorías ha influido positivamente en la competencia lectora de sus tutorados y en la paciencia y cohesión de grupo de ellos, los tutores. Así pues la tutoría entre iguales se ha utilizado para convertir las interacciones entre alumnos de diferentes cursos en oportunidades de aprendizaje y crecimiento, tanto académica como personalmente.This paper presents a fixed tutoring between fixed peers experience carried out in a center of a small town of Castellón with students of third year of Preschool Education and students of sixth of Primary Education. The experience presented here follows a very marked procedure in which couples are formed, training sessions are given to the agents involved, the material is prepared and finally, tutoring sessions are carried out. After practice, as a tool for collecting information, a discussion group was held with the tutor students in order to know their opinion regarding the effect that the tutorials had on them. As shown in the results, the tutors indicate that participation in the tutorials has positively influenced the reading competence of their small classmates and in the patience and cohesion of the tutors group. Thus peer tutoring has been used to convert interactions between students from different courses into learning and growth opportunities, both academically and personally

Development of a highly sensitive noncompetitive electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of atrazine by phage anti-immunocomplex assay

The development of immunosensors for the detection of small molecules is of great interest because of their simplicity, high sensitivity and extended analytical range. Due to their size, small compounds cannot be simultaneously recognized by two antibodies impeding their detection by noncompetitive two-site immunoassays, which are superior to competitive ones in terms of sensitivity, kinetics, and working range. In this work, we combine the advantages of magneto-electrochemical immunosensors with the improved sensitivity and direct proportional signal of noncompetitive immunoassays to develop a new Phage Anti-Immunocomplex Electrochemical Immunosensor (PhAIEI) for the detection of the herbicide atrazine. The noncompetitive assay is based on the use of recombinant M13 phage particles bearing a peptide that specifically recognizes the immunocomplex of atrazine with an anti-atrazine monoclonal antibody. The PhAIEI performed with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.2 pg mL−1, which is 200-fold better than the LOD obtained using the same antibody in an optimized conventional competitive ELISA, with a large increase in working range. The developed PhAIEI was successfully used to assay undiluted river water samples with no pretreatment and excellent recoveries. Apart from the first demonstration of the benefits of integrating phage anti-immunocomplex particles into electrochemical immunosensors, the extremely low and environmentally relevant detection limits of atrazine attained with the PhAIEIS may have direct applicability to fast and sensitive detection of this herbicide in the environment.Fil: González Techera, Andrés. Universidad de la República; UruguayFil: Zon, María Alicia. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Facultad de Cs.exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Química. Area Electroquímica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Molina, Patricia Gabriela. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Facultad de Cs.exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Química. Area Electroquímica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Fernandez, Hector. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Facultad de Cs.exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Química. Area Electroquímica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: González Sapienza, Gualberto. Universidad de la República; UruguayFil: Arevalo, Fernando Javier. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Facultad de Cs.exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Química. Area Electroquímica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

European Issues from a Spanish Perspective: Contribution to the EU-25/27 Watch

This paper analyses various European issues –the ratification of the Lisbon Treaty, future enlargement, Kosovo’s independence, the Mediterranean Union project, relations with Russia and the Budget review– from a Spanish perspective. The EU-25/27 Watch is part of EU-CONSENT, a network of Excellence for joint research and teaching comprising more than 50 research institutes (of which the Elcano Royal Institute is one) that addresses questions of the mutually reinforcing effects of deepening and widening the EU. The project sheds light on key issues and challenges of European integration. The aim is to give a full comparative picture of debates on European integration and current developments in European politics in each of these countries. This is the Spanish contribution to the project