Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress and Personalized Treatment of Pulmonary Tuberculosis: Emerging Role of Gamma-Glutamyltransferase

Background. The objectives were (i) to evaluate the impact of acute pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and anti-TB therapy on the relationship between AST, ALT, and GGT levels in absence of conditions related to hepatotoxicity; (ii) to evaluate the rate and the time of alterations of AST, ALT, and GGT. Design and Methods. A prospective followup of 40 adults (21 males; mean age of 34.7 ± 5.8 years) with active PTB on initial phase and continuation phase anti-TB. Results. Only 3% (n = 1) developed a transient and benign ADR at day 30 without interruption of anti-TB treatment. Within normal ranges, GGT decreased significantly from day 0 to day 60, while AST and ALT increased significantly and respectively. During day 0–day 60, there was a significant, negative, and independent association between GGT and AST. Conclusion. The initial two months led to significant improvement of oxidative stress. Values of oxidative markers in normal ranges might predict low rate of ADR

Séries temporelles: déterminants pathologiques des examens cytobiochimiques d´urines et infection urinaire entre 2011-2014 aux cliniques universitaires de Kinshasa

Introduction: l´examen cytobiochimique urinaire est un outil complémentaire le plus demandé au laboratoire à côté de l´hémogramme. Il a une grande valeur prédictive dans les infections urinaires quand il est correctement fait et scrupuleusement interprété. L´objectif de cette étude était d´évaluer l´ampleur, l´évolution, les déterminants, et les comorbidités cytobiochimiques de l´infection urinaire. Méthodes: il s´est agi d´une étude documentaire, avec des approches, descriptive, analytique et comparative portant sur des patients référés pour examens cytobiochimiques des urines aux laboratoires de Cliniques Universitaires de Kinshasa (CUK) entre 2011 et 2014. Résultats: au total, 8926 analyses cytobiochimiques ont été demandées avec moins de 2% d´analyses biochimiques. Les femmes étaient plus représentées (6426 femmes vs 2500 hommes) avec un sex ratio 3F:1H. Il y avait plus de demandes dans la tranche d´âge de 30-39 ans (17%; n=1517). Les analyses ont plus été demandées pendant les saisons de pluies 72% (n=3511) avec le pic pendant les mois de mai. Les infections urinaires estimées à 54,8% [n=4892 ajusté dont E. coli (n=1937), Klebsiella (n= 993)] étaient plus diagnostiqués pendant la période de 2012 à 2014. Il existait une association indépendante et significative entre le sexe féminin (OR aj = 3,5; IC = 95%; 3,1-3,8; P<0,0001, l´admission pendant les saisons de pluies (OR aj = 1,3, IC = 95%; 1,2-1,4; P<0,0001 et l´infection urinaire. Conclusion: l´infection urinaire émerge comme une préoccupation majeure pour les patients de sexe féminin et admises pendant les saisons de pluies et les années 2012-2014 de la série de 2011 à 2014 aux CUK. La rareté de l´infection urinaire était observée au cours de l´année La Nina 2011 post-l´année trop chaude EL Nino alors que l´ampleur de l´infection urinaire était coexistante pendant les années 2012-2014 normales relativement chaudes pré-l´année très chaude El Nino 2015. Il existe donc une interaction entre le climat tropical chaud et humide de la ville de Kinshasa et le climat global (mondial) froid dans le cadre de la variabilité climatique/réchauffement climatique, pouvant expliquer la flambée des infections urinaire à Kinshasa

Relationship between Younger Age, Autoimmunity, Cardiometabolic Risk, Oxidative Stress, HAART, and Ischemic Stroke in Africans with HIV/AIDS

Background and Purpose. It now appears clear that both HIV/AIDS and antiretroviral therapy (HAART) use are associated with higher risk of cardiovascular disease such as stroke. In this study, we evaluated the prevalence, the risk factors, and the cardiometabolic comorbidities of stroke in HIV/AIDS Central African patients. Methods. This hospital-based cross-sectional study collected clinical, laboratory, and imaging data of black Central African heterosexual, intravenous drug nonuser, and HIV/AIDS patients. Results. There were 54 men and 62 women, with a female to male ratio of 1.2 : 1. All were defined by hypercoagulability and oxidative stress. Hemorrhagic stroke was reported in 1 patient, ischemic stroke in 17 patients, and all stroke subtypes in 18 patients (15%). Younger age <45 years (P = .003), autoimmunity (P < .0001), and metabolic syndrome defined by IDF criteria (P < .0001) were associated with ischemic stroke. Conclusions. Clustering of several cardiometabolic factors, autoimmunity, oxidative stress, and lifestyle changes may explain accelerated atherosclerosis and high risk of stroke in these young black Africans with HIV/AIDS. Prevention and intervention programs are needed

Early Detection of Acute Renal Lesions by Serum Cystatin C in Children at Hospital and University Centre of Brazzaville

&nbsp;Introduction: Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is considered one of the main public health problems. The effective management of these alterations is based on the early detection of renal lesions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the contribution of the Cystatin C (CysC) assay in the early diagnosis of acute kidney injury (AKI) in children hospitalized in pediatric intensive care units in Brazzaville. Materials and Methods: Sixty children at high risk of developing AKI were included. Consent form signed was obtained from parents, socio-demographic data, weight and height of children recorded. Creatinine (Cr), CysC and urea were assayed in serum 24 hours after admission. Glomerular filtration clearance was estimated using serum creatinine and CysC. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was calculated from CysC and Cr. The diagnostic accuracy was determined by comparing the results of CysC to those of Cr (considered as a reference biomarker). Results: The median age was 5 years (with extremes ranging from 1 month to 17 years). Cr, CysC, urea, and GFR/Cr (mean ± standard deviation [range]) were 0.94±1.17 (0.2–1.4 mg/dl), 0.14 ± 0.062 (0.053-0.095 mg/l), 46.65±47.75 (15.0–45.0 mg/dl), 81.85±31.90 (≥190 ml/min per 1.73 m2 , respectively. The level of CysC in patients with ARL was significantly higher than that of children with normal renal function (p&lt;0.001). CysC detected 71.7% of children with AKI versus 26.7% with Cr. The performance characteristics (area under the curve, sensitivity, specificity) were 0.63, 89.6% and 37.5% for creatinine and 0.76, 92.9% and 54.8% for cystatin respectively. Analysis of the characteristics of the two curves revealed that CysC had a significantly higher diagnostic capacity (p&lt;0.001). Conclusion: Our results show that the performance of serum CysC in detecting AKI early was superior to that of serum Cr in children hospitalized in pediatric intensive care units in Brazzaville

Prevalence De L’anemie Et Des Anticorps Specifiques Anti-P. Falciparum Chez Les PVVIH Et Co-Infectees Par Le Plasmodium Falciparum Au Congo-Brazzaville

HIV and P. falciparum lead to diseases with overlapping endemic areas. Both diseases are leading cause of nearly 2 millions of deaths each year, which occur mostly in developing countries. People living with HIV are more susceptible to disease progressions. It is therefore important to further understand the biology of HIV and P. falciparum coinfection. The present study sets to characterize the coinfection with regard to malaria specific antibodies and to anemia. We found that antibody and hemoglobin levels as well as CD4 counts differ significantly according to parasite load and to treatment with anti retroviral. People undergoing treatment with antiretroviral, produced specific antimalarial IgG compared to their treatment naïve counterparts

Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress and Personalized Treatment of Pulmonary Tuberculosis: Emerging Role of Gamma-Glutamyltransferase

Background. The objectives were (i) to evaluate the impact of acute pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and anti-TB therapy on the relationship between AST, ALT, and GGT levels in absence of conditions related to hepatotoxicity; (ii) to evaluate the rate and the time of alterations of AST, ALT, and GGT. Design and Methods. A prospective followup of 40 adults (21 males; mean age of 34.7 ± 5.8 years) with active PTB on initial phase and continuation phase anti-TB. Results. Only 3% (n = 1) developed a transient and benign ADR at day 30 without interruption of anti-TB treatment. Within normal ranges, GGT decreased significantly from day 0 to day 60, while AST and ALT increased significantly and respectively. During day 0-day 60, there was a significant, negative, and independent association between GGT and AST. Conclusion. The initial two months led to significant improvement of oxidative stress. Values of oxidative markers in normal ranges might predict low rate of ADR

Intake of Gnetum africanum and Dacryodes edulis, imbalance of oxidant/antioxidant status and prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in central Africans.

To estimate the prevalence of DR and to correlate cardiometabolic, sociodemographic, and oxidant/antioxidant imbalance data to the prevalence of DR.This case-control study included type 2 DM (T2 DM) patients with DR (n = 66), T2 DM patients without DR (N = 84), and healthy controls (n = 45) without DR, in Kinshasa town. Diet, albuminemia, serum vitamins, and 8-isoprostane were examined.No intake of safou (OR = 2.7 95% CI 1.2-5.8; P = 0.014), low serum albumin <4.5 g/dL (OR-2.9 95% CI 1.4-5.9; P = 0.003), no intake of fumbwa (OR = 2.8 95% CI 1.2-6.5; P = 0.014), high 8-isoprostane (OR = 14.3 95% CI 4.5-46; P<0.0001), DM duration ≥ 5 years (OR = 3.8 95% CI 1.6-9.1; P = 0.003), and low serum vitamin C (OR = 4.5 95% CI 1.3-15.5; P = 0.016) were identified as the significant independent determinants of DR.The important role of oxidant/antioxidant status imbalance and diet is demonstrated in DR

Albinisme oculo-cutane : revue sur l'historique, l'épidemiologie, la génétique moléculaire, le géotype, la physiopathologie, la clinique et la prise en charge psychoaffective

status: Published onlin

Independent determinants of DR among Central Africans with T2 DM.

<p>Independent determinants of DR among Central Africans with T2 DM.</p

Univariate risk factors of DR among T2 DM patients.

<p>Univariate risk factors of DR among T2 DM patients.</p