Delayed Graft Function

www.NUmonthly.co

Thyroid Function in Epileptic Children who Receive Carbamazepine, Primidone, Phenobarbital and Valproic Acid

ObjectiveIn this study, we investigated the changes of the serum levels of thyroidhormones including Thyroxine (T4), Triiodothyronine (T3), T3 resin uptake andThyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in epileptic children during treatment withanti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) including carbamazepine (CBZ), primidone (PRM),phenobarbital and valproic acid (VPA).Materials and MethodsThis study consisted of four case-series comparisons, was conducted on 115epileptic children (37 girls and 78 boys with an age range between 2 monthsand 15 years, mean: 62.06 ± 44.97 months). These children were divided into4 groups who took either phenobarbital (n=29), PRM (n=28), CBZ (n=29), orVPA (n=29) for 3 months. Thyroid hormone levels (T3, T3 resin uptake, T4 andTSH) were measured at the beginning and three months after starting the study.ResultsAt first, all patients were euthyroid and there were no clinical or laboratoryfindings suggestive of hypothyroidism. Regarding thyroid hormones before andafter the administration of phenobarbital, carbamazepine, valproic acid andprimidone, there were no significant changes in serum T3, T4, T3 resin uptakeand TSH levels.ConclusionOur findings showed that short term therapy with phenobarbital, carbamazepine,valproic acid and primidone had no effect on thyroid function etsts.Key words: Anti-epileptic drugs; Thyroid hormones; Epileptic children.  

Effects of pre-transplant azithromycin administration on kidney graft function: study protocol for a double-blind randomized clinical trial

Abstract Background Kidney transplantation is the best strategy for the management of end-stage renal disease; however, the outcomes need to improve further. Macrolides show antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties in chronic diseases and intraoperatively, and can accumulate in tissues for extended periods. Therefore, theoretically, when administered to a donor and because of accumulation in the donor kidney, macrolides can cause graft immunomodulation and improve kidney transplantation outcomes. Methods This study is a single-center, randomized clinical trial. A total of 60 kidney donors will be randomly allocated to the azithromycin or placebo group and treated with a single dose (1 g) of azithromycin or placebo, respectively, 1 day before surgery. Recruitment commenced in September 2016 and is expected to be completed by March 2018. The primary outcome is kidney graft function. The secondary outcomes include rejection rate, urinary tract infections in graft recipients, pain and systemic inflammatory response syndrome in live donors, and complications in both donors and recipients. Outcomes will be evaluated at baseline and every day in the first week after transplantation, as well as at 1 and 3 months post transplantation. Adverse reactions will be documented. If the efficacy of azithromycin in reducing adverse outcomes is confirmed, it would serve as an easy to use, economic intervention able to lower post-transplantation risks. Discussion Short and mid-term analyses of blood and urine samples as well as immunological assays will facilitate a more in-depth analysis of the effects of azithromycin on transplantation outcomes. Trial registration Iranian Clinical Trial Registry, IRCT201606141853N11, registered on September 5, 2016

Human leukocyte antigen variation among Iranian renal transplant recipients

Background: HLA typing analysis is important in renal transplant patients. Objectives: We made a plan to determine the most frequent HLA antigens in Iranian kidney transplant patients. Patients and Methods: In a retrospective cross sectional study, HLA patterns were defined in 512 kidney transplant recipients (67% male and 33% female) from different transplant centers of Tehran, Iran between 2008 and 2011 by microcytotoxicity assay. Results: The studies samples were of different ethnic groups of the Iranian kidney transplants. Considerable variations were observed in each HLA sub class. A2, A1, A3, A24 and A26 were the most frequent HLA-A antigens. Among HLA-B, the predominant antigens were B35; B13, B15, B13 and B18. The most frequent HLA-DR antigens were DR 4, DR11, DR1, DR3 and DR15. DQ1 showed the highest frequency and followed by DQ3 and DQ2. Conclusions: These results showed considerable heterogeneity in both HLA class I and class II antigens, which reflects recent admixture of this group with neighboring Middle East populations

Additional file 1: of Effects of pre-transplant azithromycin administration on kidney graft function: study protocol for a double-blind randomized clinical trial

SPIRIT 2013 Checklist: Recommended items to address in a clinical trial protocol and related documents*. (DOCX 52 kb

Enhancement of radio-sensitivity of colorectal cancer cells by gold nanoparticles at 18 MV energy

Objective(s): Taking advantage of high atomic number of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) in radiation dose absorbing, many in vitro and in vivo studies have been carried out on using them as radio-sensitizer. In spite of noticeable dose enhancement by GNPs at keV energies, using this energy range for radiotherapy of deep-seated tumors is outdated. The aim of the present work was to examine the effect of GNPs on radio-sensitivity of HT-29 cells in combination with 18 MV X-rays.Materials and Methods: GNPs were synthesized using a seed-growth method and characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for size and morphology. Cytotoxicity effect of the GNPs as well as amount of uptake into the HT-29 cell line was assessed. Irradiation was done by 18 MV photons. Immuno-fluorescent imaging of γ-H2AX foci and clonogenic assay were conducted to find out the effect of the GNPs on radio-sensitivity of the cells.Results: The size of GNPs was about 24 nm with a spherical-like shape. Treatment of the cells with the GNPs induced insignificant inhibition in cell growth. Cellular uptake reaches a maximum after 12 h incubation with GNPs. Stained γ-H2AX foci showed a significant difference in number and intensity for GNPs treated cells compared to only irradiated one. Moreover, colony formation assay proved an impressive decrease in the number of colonies for the irradiated+GNPs group rather than the other one. By fitting the survival fraction data on the linear-quadratic model, sensitization enhancement factor (SER) of 1.25 was achieved.Conclusion: Although theoretical studies predicted negligible radio-enhancement factor for GNPs at high megavoltage energies, present results show the potential of GNPs for possible gold nanoparticle-aided radiation therapy (GNRT) even for high MV photons

Improvement in quality of life after exposure therapy, problem solving and combined therapy in chronic war-related post traumatic stress disorder Exposure therapy, problem solving and combined therapy in war-related PTSD

AbstractIntroductionPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is the one of the most commonly observed psychiatric disorder in veterans. The condition can lead to considerable social, occupational, and interpersonal dysfunction. PTSD occurring after combat injury appears to be strongly correlated with the extent of injury, and develops over several months. Studies have indicated that behavioral and cognitive-behavioral treatments are effective in reducing symptoms of PTSD and depression.MethodsIn this study we evaluated the efficacy of problem solving in improving Quality of life of 60 Iranian veterans after Iran- Iraq war. After learning sessions and implementing the interventions, patients were evaluated by SF-36 Questionnaire during post-intervention and follow-up measurements.Results and conclusionPost-test and follow-up scores were 50±4.4 and 56.1±3.8 in problem solving. Comparing to control group without any treatment, all intervention groups showed significant improvement in quality of life