Einfluss der Porosität und Tauchtiefe freistehender homogener geschütteter Wellenbrecher auf Wellentransmission und kurzfristige Küstenerosion - Eine numerische Studie

Coastal beaches are permanently threatened by erosion, so that efficient solutions for their protections with less environmental impacts are increasingly required. Among the diverse protective structures against coastal erosion, submerged porous breakwaters (SPBs) have long been recognized as one of the most environmentally friendly types of coastal structures. However, the failures experienced in diverse SPB projects worldwide have well-revealed the current knowledge gaps and the high uncertainty in the assessment of the protective efficacy of SPBs. As such reakwaters are usually highly porous, one of the most crucial knowledge gaps is the effect of structure porosity on their protective efficacy, along with the effect of structure submergence. It is worth to mention that the former effect has not yet been considered in any of the current models and predictive formulae for SPBs. Therefore, the overall objective of this PhD study is to improve the current knowledge and modelling of the processes underlying the effect of porosity, combined with the effect of submergence, on both wave transmission and subsequent short-term coastal erosion.Küstenstrände unterliegen einer ständigen Erosion, so dass effiziente Maßnahmen zu deren Schutz zunehmend benötigt werden, bei denen weniger Auswirkungen auf die Umwelt zu erwarten sind. Aus den diversen Schutzwerken gegen Küstenerosion, durchlässige Unterwasser-Wellenbrecher (DUW) gehören längst zu den umweltfreundlichsten Bauwerkstypen für den Küstenschutz. Jedoch haben die Versagensfälle in diversen DUW-Projekten weltweit große Wissenslücken und Unsicherheiten bei der Bewertung der Schutzwirkung und Wirksamkeit der DUW aufgezeigt. Da solche Wellenbrecher im Allgemeinen eine hohe Porosität haben, bezieht sich eine der kritischsten Wissenslücken insbesondere auf den Einfluss der Porosität auf die Schutzwirksamkeit der DUW, einschließlich des Einflusses der Tauchtiefe. Dabei ist zu unterstreichen, dass der erstgenannte Einfluss in keiner der bisherigen Modelle und Berechnungsansätze für DUW berücksichtigt wird. Daher besteht das Hauptziel dieser Dissertation in der Verbesserung des erständnisses und der Modellierung der Prozesse, die dem Einfluss der Porosität und der Tauchtiefe der DUW auf die Wellentransmission sowie auf die anschließenden kurzfristigen Veränderungen der Küstenerosion unterliegen

A Study on the Clothing of Figures in the Wall Paintings of Esfahan’s Kaisariyeh Market

The present article aimed to investigate the clothing style of figures depicted on Isfahan's Kaisariyeh market entrance and study the design and color of these images. Various books and articles have been published on the historical and architectural background of Isfahan's Kaisariyeh market; nonetheless, there is a paucity of information on the wall paintings of this market.The exciting information presents the type of these paintings and their implementation. For instance, Shahabinejad et al. (2012), in his article entitled: "The perspective of Naghsh-e Jahan Square in Isfahan: values and Problems," studied this artwork and its visual, functional, and suggestive merits; however, the paintings depicted on the entrance have not been taken into account.Moreover, Ishaqi (2014) in his master's thesis entitled "Designing a Business-Recreational Center in Tehran District 4, Considering Architectural Impact on Increasing Efficiency" has used traditional markets, such as Isfahan's Kaisariyeh market, to design and create commercial venues. Tofangsaz (2014) in his master's thesis entitled "Revival of the dock of the mint complex of Isfahan's Kaisariyeh market" has studies the mint of this market and its revival. To the best of our knowledge, no study has been conducted on the garments of figures depicted on wall paintings of Kaisariyeh market

Anthropometric outcome in low birth weight infants treated with erythropoietin; a randomized clinical trial

Introduction: Erythropoietin (EPO) is a glycoprotein hormone, which has a key role in the number of red blood cells in mammalian blood. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether EPO is associated with anthropometric outcomes in low birth weight infants. Patients and Methods: This study was conducted on 90 premature neonates aged under 35 gestational weeks, with the weight of less than 2000 g, and selected through convenience sampling. The subjects were assigned to EPO (n=45) and control groups (n=45) by random allocation with the aim of evaluating the relationship between EPO and anthropometric outcome, hemoglobin, and hematocrit in low birth weight infants. The weight and head circumstance of the infants were measured on their birthdays, and days 14, 28, and 42. Additionally, hemoglobin and hematocrit were measured on days 7 and 42. From day 14, EPO injection was given to the EPO group three times a week for one month (12 times). The dosage for each baby was 100 U/kg of 2000 unit ampules which was given as a subcutaneous injection in the baby’s arm. Results: The mean weights on birthday and day 42 in the EPO group were 1397 ± 270 g and 2614 ± 739 g, respectively, while in the placebo group they were 1280 ± 281 g and 1486 ± 208 g, respectively. In addition, the mean head circumstance on birthday and day 42 in the EPO group was 28.6±1.7 cm and 33 ± 2.5 cm, respectively, while in the placebo group it was 27.8 ± 2.3 cm and 29.8 ± 2.2 cm, respectively. Conclusion: According to the results of the current study, weight gain and head circumstance gain rose significantly in the EPO group compared with the placebo group (P<0.001). Trial Registration: The trial protocol was approved by the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials website (identifier: IRCT20160511027853N2, https://en.irct.ir/trial/47069, ethical code; IR.QUMS.REC.1398.133)

On the Use of Electromagnetic Inversion for Metasurface Design

We show that the use of the electromagnetic inverse source framework offers great flexibility in the design of metasurfaces. In particular, this approach is advantageous for antenna design applications where the goal is often to satisfy a set of performance criteria such as half power beamwidths and null directions, rather than satisfying a fully-known complex field. In addition, the inverse source formulation allows the metasurface and the region over which the desired field specifications are provided to be of arbitrary shape. Some of the main challenges in solving this inverse source problem, such as formulating and optimizing a nonlinear cost functional, are addressed. Lastly, some two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) simulated examples are presented to demonstrate the method, followed by a discussion of the method's current limitations.Comment: 13 page

Investigation of haemoglobin polymorphism in Ogaden cattle

Background and Aim: The Ogaden cattle is one among the tropical cattle breeds (Bos indicus) widely distributed in eastern and south eastern part of Ethiopia. The breed has been evolved in arid and semi arid agro-ecological setup, but later on distributed and adapted to the wide agro-ecological zones. Because of its multi-purpose role, the Ogaden cattle have been used for milk, beef, and income generation. Information on the inherent genetic diversity is important in the design of breeding improvement programmes, making rational decisions on sustainable utilization and conservation of Animal Genetic Resources. Limited information is available about genetic variation of Ogaden breed at molecular level. The present investigation was aimed to study the biochemical polymorphism at the Hemoglobin (Hb) locus. Materials and Methods: Blood samples collected from 105 Ogaden cattle maintained at Haramaya beef farm by jugular vein puncture were subjected to agarose gel electrophoresis [pH range 8.4-8.5] to study the polymorphic activities of haemoglobin. Results: Three types of phenotypes were detected i.e. a slow moving (AA) band, fast moving (BB) band and a combination of slow + fast moving bands (AB). The frequency of the fast moving band was less [13 (12.3%)] than the slow moving band [57 (54.2%)]. Both slow & fast moving phenotype was observed in 35 (33.3%) animals. The gene frequency of HBA allele was 0.709 and that of HBB allele 0.291. Conclusion: The distribution of phenotypes was in agreement with codominant single gene inheritance. The Chi-square (χ2) test revealed that the population is under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium

Diabetes mellitus and oral lichen planus: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective: To undertake a meta-analysis of the association of Oral Lichen Planus (OLP) with diabetes, two diseases with an important impact on public health and the economy, but the evidence of which about their association is inconsistent. Methods: Relevant studies were localized by searching MEDLINE, EMBASE, Conference Proceedings, and other databases from inception to October 2020, without restrictions. The reference lists of included studies and of related reviews were also inspected. Global pooled odds ratios were calculated, and predefined subgroup analyses were performed. The heterogeneity between studies and publication bias was assessed and sensitivity analysis was carried out. Results: Thirty-two studies were included in the meta-analysis. Pooled ORs showed a moderate association between diabetes and OLP [OR: 1.87 (95%CI: 1.57, 2.34)]. The association is limited to studies carried out on adults only [OR: 2.12 (95%CI: 1.75, 2.57)] and is observed in all study designs. Globally, the heterogeneity was low to moderate. Studies carried out in European populations show a stronger association of diabetes and OLP than Asiatic studies [OR: 2.49 (95%CI: 1.87, 3.32) and 1.60 (95%CI: 1.25, 2.03), respectively]. Conclusions: Diabetes and OLP are moderately associated. Systematic diagnosis of diabetes in OLP patients could prove usefulS

Correlation between grammatical competence and pragmatic competence among Iranian university EFL learners / Seyedeh Sepideh Mojabi

This study sought to determine the levels of pragmatic competence among Iranian EFL learners and to correlate these levels with their levels of grammatical competence. In order to do this, separate tests were devised. One set of tests was designed to measure pragmatic competence. A second set of tests was devised to test grammatical competence. The difference between their pragmatic competence and grammatical competence was examined for any significant correlation between them. In addition, the effect of learning methods on the pragmatic and grammatical competence was tested. The findings show that there is a weak or no correlation between EFL Iranian university students’ grammatical competence and their pragmatic competence. The findings also show that learning methods do have a significant effect on the Iranian students’ pragmatic and grammar competence. In addition, the study shows a predominance of traditional teaching and learning practices in Iran