Significance of Public Priorities from Telecommunication to Cellular Communication in Pakistan

Telecommunication is permanent source of communication all around the world as it has multidimensional social significances to use. In comparison with rest of world, Pakistan has been pursuing the global trends to avail the latest technology to upgrade the efficiency of individuals and institutions. Thus, cellular communication has taken place very rapidly in Pakistan and has left behind the telecommunication. Purpose of this study is to explore the reasons of shifting of public priorities from telecommunication to cellular communication so rapid in rural and urban areas of Pakistan. Keywords: Cellular Communication, ICT, Information, Entertainment

Parametric analysis of process loop and scanning line distance in laser cleaning of corrosion on boron steel

This project is a comprehensive exploration conducted within the Laser Micro Cleaning Lab at the Pekan Campus of University Malaysia Pahang. The objective of the project is to delve into laser material processing, particularly in the context of laser micro cleaning. The undertaking involves a meticulous research approach, drawing insights from authoritative and relevant journal articles sourced primarily from online platforms. The primary goal of this investigation is twofold: firstly, to scrutinize the effects of mark loops on corrosion depth in boron steel, and secondly, to examine how alterations in line distance influence the surface roughness during corrosion laser cleaning. The study will encompass a diverse range of laser cleaning parameters and materials, facilitating a comprehensive assessment of their impact on both laser mark loops and line distances. To delve deeper, a sophisticated 3D microscope analysis will be employed, focusing on evaluating corrosion depth and surface roughness. The anticipated outcomes of this research hold the promise of invaluable insights, offering optimized strategies for enhancing laser cleaning processes and achieving more efficient results

Aerobic exercise in obese diabetic patients with chronic kidney disease: a randomized and controlled pilot study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Patients with obesity, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are generally physically inactive, have a high mortality rate, and may benefit from an exercise program.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We performed a 24-week randomized controlled feasibility study comparing aerobic exercise plus optimal medical management to medical management alone in patients with type 2 diabetes, obesity (body mass index [BMI] > 30 kg/m²), and stage 2-4 CKD (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] 15-90 mL/min/1.73 m²with persistent proteinuria). Subjects randomized to exercise underwent thrice weekly aerobic training for 6 followed by 18 weeks of supervised home exercise. The primary outcome variable was change in proteinuria.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Seven subjects randomized to exercise and 4 control subjects completed the study. Exercise training resulted in an increase in exercise duration during treadmill testing, which was accompanied by slight but insignificant decreases in resting systolic blood pressure and 24-hour proteinuria. Exercise did not alter GFR, hemoglobin, glycated hemoglobin, serum lipids, or C-reactive protein (CRP). Caloric intake and body weight and composition also did not change with exercise training.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Exercise training in obese diabetic patients with CKD is feasible and may have clinical benefits. A large-scale randomized controlled trial to determine the effects of exercise on renal functions, cardiovascular fitness, inflammation, and oxidative stress in diabetic patients with CKD is planned.</p

Allergic Interstitial Nephritis Manifesting as a Striated Nephrogram

Allergic interstitial nephritis (AIN) is an underdiagnosed cause of acute kidney injury (AKI). Guidelines suggest that AIN should be suspected in a patient who presents with an elevated serum creatinine and a urinalysis that shows white cells, white cell casts, or eosinophiluria. Drug-induced AIN is suspected if AKI is temporally related to the initiation of a new drug. However, patients with bland sediment and normal urinalysis can also have AIN. Currently, a definitive diagnosis of AIN is made by renal biopsy which is invasive and fraught with risks such as bleeding, infection, and hematoma. Additionally, it is frequently unclear when a kidney biopsy should be undertaken. We describe a biopsy proven case of allergic interstitial nephritis which manifested on contrast enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) as a striated nephrogram. Newer and more stable macrocyclic gadolinium contrast agents have a well-demonstrated safety profile. Additionally, in the presentation of AKI, gadolinium contrast agents are safe to administer in patients who demonstrate good urine output and a downtrending creatinine. We propose that the differential for a striated nephrogram may include AIN. In cases in which the suspicion for AIN is high, this diagnostic consideration may be further characterized by contrast enhanced MRI

Early Posttransplant Isolated v1 Lesion Does Not Need to Be Treated and Does Not Lead to Increased Fibrosis

Acute vascular rejection (AVR) is characterized by intimal arteritis in addition to tubulitis and interstitial inflammation. It is associated with a poorer prognosis compared to tubulointerstitial rejection (AIR) and AVR is associated with a higher rate of graft loss than AIR. The prognosis and treatment of arteritis without tubulitis and interstitial inflammation (isolated v1 lesion) are still controversial. We report a case of a patient who had a biopsy of the kidney allograft for evaluation of slow graft function. The biopsy revealed an isolated v1 lesion. However, we chose not to augment immunosuppression. The patient’s kidney allograft function improved over time with close monitoring. Repeat biopsy a year later showed no evidence of endothelialitis and relatively unchanged fibrosis and no other abnormalities. Although it is suggested that most cases of isolated v1 lesions will respond to corticosteroids or T cell depleting therapies, some cases will improve with conservative management. Further studies are needed to determine which cases could be managed conservatively

Lignin/alginate/hydroxyapatite composite beads for the efficient removal of copper and nickel ions from aqueous solutions

© 2020 Desalination Publications. All rights reserved. This study was conducted to analyze the adsorption efficiency of lignin/alginate/hydroxyapatite composite beads for the removal of copper Cu(II) and nickel Ni(II) ions from an aqueous solution. For this purpose, lignin, alginate and hydroxyapatite (HAp) composite was prepared in the form of lignin/alginate/hydroxyapatite composite beads. Adsorbents were synthesized in three different ratios by mixing lignin/alginate/hydroxyapatite and sodium alginate in distilled water (25–30 ml) which was then added dropwise to the calcium chloride (CaCl2) solution to form its lignin/alginate/ hydroxyapatite composite beads. Synthesized beads were characterized using X-ray powder diffrac-tion, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The effect of various experimental parameters such as contact time, pH, the initial concentration of Cu(II) and Ni(II) and adsorbent dose on adsorption capacity was investigated. Kinetic and isotherm data confirmed that the pseudo-first-order model and Langmuir isotherm were best fitted to experimental data. An increase in the adsorption capacity of heavy metals from an aqueous solution was observed with the increase in lignin percentage in beads. The maximum adsorption capacity for Cu(II) and Ni(II) was 79.67 and 71.18 mg/g, respectively for C3 (60%) lignin Reusability study of lignin/alginate/hydroxyapatite beads showed 79% removal efficacy after four successive adsorp-tion-desorption cycles. The results showed that lignin/alginate/hydroxyapatite composite beads can be used as promising environmentally benign adsorbent for the removal of heavy metal ions from an aqueous solution