On the Edge: Blacks and Hispanics in Metropolitan Miami Since 1959

On Monday, January 16, 1989, hundreds of blacks in Miami took to the streets in angry rage for the fourth time in the 1980s. Over several days, they burned cars and buildings, looted stores, pelted passers-by with rocks and bottles, and faced off with riot police in Overtown and Liberty City, Miami’s two major black communities. The incident that touched off this new expression of black anger was sadly familiar. A Miami policeman had shot and killed a black man fleeing a traffic infraction on a motorcycle, while a second black man, a passenger on the motorcycle, was thrown from the vehicle and also killed. It was difficult to miss the irony in the fact that this latest Miami riot took place on the same day that blacks had celebrated the birthday of Martin Luther King, Jr., the modern apostle of nonviolence. There were other ironies, as well. In this new immigrant city, it should not have been surprising that none of those involved in the riot-triggering incident was a native-born American. The police officer who fired the fatal bullet, William Lozano, had immigrated to Miami with his family from Colombia. Although few noticed at the time, the two dead black men, Allen Blanchard and Clement Lloyd, were also migrants from the Carribean basin, from the U. S. Virgin Islands. The three newcomers whose paths crossed on that fateful Monday evening had come to south Florida in search of the elusive American dream; what they found in Miami, ultimately, was something quite different

Whitening Miami: Race, Housing, and Government Policy in Twentieth-Century Dade County

Throughout the twentieth century, government agencies played a powerful role in creating and sustaining racially separate and segregated housing in Dade County, Florida. This pattern of housing segregation initially was imposed early through official policies of racial zoning, During the New Deal era of lhe 1930s, federal housing policies were implemented at the local level to maintain legally segregated housing and neighborhoods. Such policies included the appraisal system established by the federal Home Owners Loan Corporation, which helped to create the discriminatory lending system known as redlining. In addition, under the New Deal\u27s federally sponsored public housing program, local housing authorities established segregated public housing projects. In the post-World War II years, old agendas for racial segregation continued to be carried out under still newer government programs, including the minority housing programs of the Housing and Home Finance Agency, the urban redevelopment and urban renewal programs of the federal housing acts of 1949 and 1954, and the vast interstate highway program. Local decision-making and implementation of all these programs perpetuated the racial segregation of Dade County neighborhoods and public housing projects

Review Essay:--The Transformation of the Late-Twentieth-Century South

Over the past few decades, the study of southern history has experienced an impressive scholarly renewal. Few areas of modern American scholarship have produced such exciting new work. Traditional subjects such as the antebellum South, the Civil War and Reconstruction, and post-Reconstruction southern politics and race relations have been reworked and reinterpreted. Recent social and cultural history approaches have given us new perspectives on slavery and slaves, the white and black working class, black and white women, urban and rural life, family and religion, and the cultural imperatives that shaped and molded the southern experience. Above all, however, southern historical scholarship has moved solidly into the twentieth century. This outpouring of work on the modern South— on southern politics, on race relations, on civil rights, on rural and urban change, and on many other subjects— has made possible Numan V. Bartley’s compelling synthesis, The New South, 1945-1980, the eleventh volume in Louisiana State University Press’s distinguished History of the South series

On The Performance Characteristics Of Electron Ring accelerators

On the basis of our present understanding of the physical phenomena involved in an electron ring accelerator (ERA), a theoretical study is made of the performance which might be expected for an ERA. Rigorous upper bounds are obtained on the rate of energy gain, from which it is shown that, in order to prevent azimuthal instability, parameters must be selected such that (for reasonable fields, injector properties, etc., but with no safety factors) the proton energy gain is less than 80 MeV/m. Numerical examples and approximate formulas are given for the properties of rings satisfying the stability conditions for both azimuthal oscillations and ion-electron oscillations. It is found that for reasonable fields and injector properties, but without safety factors, the useable proton energy gain is less than 45 MeV/m

Does Involvement in Healthy Eating Among University Students Differ Based on Exercise Status and Reasons for Exercise?

Background. Unhealthy nutritional habits are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the US. Research indicates that regular physical activity can influence dietary habits of adults. Purpose. The purpose of this study was to examine whether university students’ involvement in healthy eating differed based on current exercise status and reported reasons for exercising. Methods. A sample of 204 university students completed a 22-item survey on healthy eating and physical activity. Results. Less than 10% met all Food Guide recommendations. The leading barriers to healthy eating were time, convenience and healthy food availability. Less than half exercised on four or more days each week. The leading reasons for exercising were to improve appearance, improve health and lose weight. Being physically active did not have a significant effect on healthy eating, nor did specific reason for exercising. Discussion. Most students did not eat healthy and their physical activity levels did not significantly affect their nutritional habits. Increased awareness campaigns are warranted. Conclusions. Strategies other than physical activity promotion are needed to positively impact students’ healthy eating behaviors. Students should continue to be educated about healthy nutrition and ways to reduce perceived barriers to healthy eating

An Analog Method for Measuring the Longitudinal Coupling Impedance of a Relativistic Particle Beam With Its Environmnet

The stability of a coasting beam against self-bunching (negative mass instability) may be expressed in terms of a beam coupling impedance. The impedance has contributions from self-fields, wall impedance, and curvature effects. This paper describes procedures for measuring the wall and curvature contributions to the coupling impedance by means of an analog in which the beam is replaced by a conductor propagating a TEM-like mode. Conditions are derived under which the measurements are valid, various measurement procedures are described and results of the application of the method to the compressor of an electron ring accelerator are reported

Compellingly high SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility of Golden Syrian hamsters suggests multiple zoonotic infections of pet hamsters during the COVID-19 pandemic

Golden Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) are used as a research model for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Millions of Golden Syrian hamsters are also kept as pets in close contact to humans. To determine the minimum infective dose (MID) for assessing the zoonotic transmission risk, and to define the optimal infection dose for experimental studies, we orotracheally inoculated hamsters with SARS-CoV-2 doses from 1 * 105 to 1 * 10-4 tissue culture infectious dose 50 (TCID50). Body weight and virus shedding were monitored daily. 1 * 10-3 TCID50 was defined as the MID, and this was still sufficient to induce virus shedding at levels up to 102.75 TCID50/ml, equaling the estimated MID for humans. Virological and histological data revealed 1 * 102 TCID50 as the optimal dose for experimental infections. This compelling high susceptibility leading to productive infections in Golden Syrian hamsters must be considered as a potential source of SARS-CoV-2 infection for humans that come into close contact with pet hamsters