Biological Activity of Rosmarinus Officinalis Essential Oils against Callosobruchus Maculatus, (Coleoptera, Bruchinae)

For the purpose of finding alternative ways to synthetic insecticides to fight against pests that ravage stored pulses, rosemary’s (Rosmarinus officinalis (L)) (Lamiaceae) essential oils have been tested against cowpea weevils (Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab)) (Coleoptera, Bruchinae) reared on chickpea (Cicer arietinum (L)) seeds. The chickpea seeds have been infested with ten newly-hatched pairs of cowpea weevils, then fumigated with increasing concentrations of 0, 4, 6, 8 or 10µl of rosemary’s essential oils per liter of air. These essential oils were analyzed by GC-MS. The compound groups were predominantly monoterpenes (93.06%), 74.93% of which were oxygenated and 18.13% hydrocarbonated. The main components in the oxygenated monoterpenes are eucalyptol (1,8-cineol) (50,42%), camphor (17.73%) and borneol (5.99%), while the 3-carene (12.05%) is the most represented compound in the hydrocarbonated  monoterpenes. The remaining constituents represent only 6.94% of essential oils. Rosemary’s essential oils significantly affect longevity (Treated lot: 1 – 7 days, control lot: 2 – 12 days), fecundity (10 – 48 eggs/10 females vs. 437 – 491 eggs/10 females), and fertility (66.67 – 85.00% vs. 93.75 – 95.44%). The cowpea weevil’s success rates in the treated group were 0 – 60.42% compared to 86.35 – 92.33% in the control lot. The lethal concentrations at 50% (LC50) and 99% (CL99), for exposures between 24 and 120h , ranged from 5.51 – 2.43µl/l of air to 11.24 – 6.33µl/l of air, respectively, for males and from 6.80 – 3.04µl/l of air to 15.74 – 7.44µl/l of air for females. The demographic parameters are significantly affected. The average generation lifespan is prolonged ranging from 33.83 days for the control lots to 36.57 days for the treated lots, while the other parameters were all shortened. Rosemary’s essential oils may be used in an Integrated Pest Management (IPM) of stored legumes without any health or environmental risks. Keywords: Essential oils, Rosmarinus officinalis, Callosobruchus maculatus, Pulses, Fumigation

Construction de cDNA pour la sous-unite beta de l'hormone folliculo-stimulante chez le rat et le mouton et etude de la regulation de l'expression du gene

SIGLEINIST T 71082 / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et TechniqueFRFranc

The Study of Correlation Between Acute Respiratory Infections and Oil Mills Pollution in Fez Rural (Morocco)

In order to evaluate the impact of olive activities on the population health in Fez rural, which is affected by air pollution, a retrospective study of acute respiratory infections (ARI) and chronic was studied (about ten years) in the commune of Ain Taoujdate (30 km of Fez center), known by its strong pollution particularly that of the air caused by industrial activity. Method using was the examination of medical records from 2004 to 2015. Analyzing the evolution of respiratory infections at Ain Taoujdate, we noticed a remarkable and repetitive increase, during olive tree campaign and in the spring (in each year), following the air pollution in the commune and abundance of pollen (pollinosis). Very high cases of pneumopathies were recorded during the month of December 2004 and which reached 305 and 124 cases successively and which corresponds to the most important triturating activity during these twelve years of study. On the other hand the asthma crisis of Ain Taoujdate, shows a very large value in olive oil milling season. The main cause seems to be air pollution of Ain Taoujdate, since a large oil mill that releases a huge amount of fume is installed close to the population. Statistical analyzes using principal component analysis (PCA) and ascending hierarchical classification (HAC), were able to show an eventual correlation. This work excludes microbial infections; its limitation is the absence of air quality data and was the consequences to take stock of the impact of air pollution caused by oil mills on respiratory healt

Cyclic AMP enhances gene expression, synthesis and release of newly synthesized alpha and luteinizing hormone beta subunits in cultured rat anterior pituitary cells

International audienc

Characterization of Erwinia amylovora strains from Middle Atlas Mountains in Morocco by PCR based on tandem repeat sequences

Forty Erwinia amylovora strains isolated from the Middle Atlas Mountains in Morocco have been characterized using sequences from tandem repeat of variable numbers (VNTR) as chromosomal markers. Three VNTR sequences were identified and used for studying the genetic diversity of the strains using a PCR fingerprinting method. Thirty nine strains showed high genetic homogeneity, but one strain displayed a profile quite different. We were able to obtain reproducible and characteristic profiles in strains from remote geographical areas, and associated them with each of the primers. Comparative analyses of Moroccan strains with three reference strains from Spain, France and England, were performed. The results revealed some polymorphisms compared with the English and the French strains, but notable similarities were observed with a Spanish strain obtained from plants imported from Belgium. The developed methodology has demonstrated its usefulness for being applied in epidemiological studies

Transfer of the waterfall source isolate Pectobacterium carotovorum M022 to Pectobacterium fontis sp. nov., a deep-branching species within the genus Pectobacterium

International audiencePectobacterium carotovorum M022(T) has been isolated from a waterfall source in Selangor district (Malaysia). Using genomic and phenotypic tests, we re-examined the taxonomical position of this strain. Based on 14 concatenated housekeeping genes (fusA, rpoD, rpoS, acnA, purA, gyrB, recA, mdh, mtID, groEL, secY, glyA, gapA and rpIB), multi-locus sequence analysis revealed that strain M022(T) falls into a novel Glade separated from the other Pectobacterium species. The in silico DNA-DNA hybridization and average nucleotide identity values were lower than the 70 and 95% threshold values, respectively. In addition, by combining genomic and phenotypic tests, strain M022(T) may be distinguished from the other Pectobacterium isolates by its incapacity to grow on D(+)-xylose, L-rhamnose, cellobiose and lactose. Strain M022(T) (=CFBP 8629(T)=LMG 30744(T)) is proposed as the type strain of the Pectobacterium fontis sp. nov

Genomic overview of the phytopathogen [i]Pectobacterium wasabiae[/i] strain RNS 08.42.1A suggests horizontal acquisition of quorum-sensing genes.

International audienceThe blackleg and soft-rot diseases caused by pectinolytic enterobacteria such as Pectobacterium and Dickeya are major causes of losses affecting potato crop in the field and upon storage. In this work, we report the isolation, characterization and genome analysis of the Pectobacterium wasabiae (formerly identified as Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum) strain RNS 08.42.1A, that has been isolated from a Solanum tuberosum host plant in France. Comparative genomics with 3 other P. wasabiae strains isolated from potato plants in different areas in North America and Europe, highlighted both a strong similarity at the whole genome level (ANI > 99 %) and a conserved synteny of the virulence genes. In addition, our analyses evidenced a robust separation between these four P. wasabiae strains and the type strain P. wasabiae CFBP 3304(T), isolated from horseradish in Japan. In P. wasabiae RNS 08.42.1A, the expI and expR nucleotidic sequences are more related to those of some Pectobacterium atrosepticum and P. carotovorum strains (90 % of identity) than to those of the other potato P. wasabiae strains (70 to 74 % of identity). This could suggest a recruitment of these genes in the P. wasabiae strain RNS 08.42.1A by an horizontal transfer between pathogens infecting the same potato host plant

Diversity of Pectobacteriaceae Species in Potato Growing Regions in Northern Morocco

Number: 6 Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing InstituteInternational audienceDickeya and Pectobacterium pathogens are causative agents of several diseases that affect many crops worldwide. This work investigated the species diversity of these pathogens in Morocco, where Dickeya pathogens have only been isolated from potato fields recently. To this end, samplings were conducted in three major potato growing areas over a three-year period (2015–2017). Pathogens were characterized by sequence determination of both the gapA gene marker and genomes using Illumina and Oxford Nanopore technologies. We isolated 119 pathogens belonging to P. versatile (19%), P. carotovorum (3%), P. polaris (5%), P. brasiliense (56%) and D. dianthicola (17%). Their taxonomic assignation was confirmed by draft genome analyses of 10 representative strains of the collected species. D. dianthicola were isolated from a unique area where a wide species diversity of pectinolytic pathogens was observed. In tuber rotting assays, D. dianthicola isolates were more aggressive than Pectobacterium isolates. The complete genome sequence of D. dianthicola LAR.16.03.LID was obtained and compared with other D. dianthicola genomes from public databases. Overall, this study highlighted the ecological context from which some Dickeya and Pectobacterium species emerged in Morocco, and reported the first complete genome of a D. dianthicola strain isolated in Morocco that will be suitable for further epidemiological studies