Problems and Prospects of Islamic Banking: a case Study of Takaful

The paper is an attempt to analyse the working of Takaul in the world and its popularity in the insurance sector in the world. Keeping in view of Sharia we have also tried all possible aspects of insurance system popular in the world and tried to look at its possibility to familiarize more amongst Muslims of the world. It is observed that customer awareness remain low, however this is often attributed to a limited understanding of Islamic finance in the banking and insurance world. We wish to have a proper salesmanship and advertisement of Islamic banking system in India and all around the world.Islamic Banking, Takaful

Performance evaluation of OFDM schemes over multipath fading channels

This paper discusses the transmission of the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal through the multipath fading indoor channel and its capability to combat the intersymbol interference (ISI) as well as its effective implementation with the discrete Fourier transform is described. The channel model used was based on Saleh-Valenzuela model with lognormal fading distribution of gain amplitudes. Simulation modules were developed and the effect of the multipath on the OFDM system performance with BPSK, QPSK, 16PSK, 64PSK, 16QAM, 64QAM, and 128QAM modulations was evaluated in terms of the bit error rate (BER) as a function of the energy per bit-to-noise ratio (EBNR). The influence of the number of carriers as well as the guard interval duration on the performance was also investigated. Simulations showed that the EBNR required to achieve a certain BER is significantly increased by 8-10 dB for dense multipath fading channels over that required in AWGN channels. These performance measures are useful for the design and assessment of high speed indoor wireless communication systems

Serološka srodnost i antigenska prevlast između pet izolata virusa bolesti Aujeszkoga.

The serologic relationship and antigenic dominance among five Aujeszky’s disease virus (ADV) isolates, designated VBA1, VBA2, VBA3, mA1p and CD, was studied using homologous and heterologous antigens and sera. Cross-serum neutralization test (C-SNT) was used to measure antibody responses to the virus. Generally, close serologic relationships among ADV isolates were noted. Non-significant (P<0.05) variations in the relationship between any two viruses were observed. However, the highest bilateral relationship was observed between VBA2 and VBA3 and between VBA2 and CD isolates of the virus. The antigenic dominance of some viruses over the others was detected with non-significant (P<0.01) levels, although the higher antigenic dominance was observed for CD over VBA3 and mA1p over VBA3 also. In conclusion, neither major serological variations nor antigenic dominance among the five ADVs studied were detected in the present study, hence grouped as one serologic type.Upotrebom homolognih i heterolognih antigena i seruma istraživan je serološki odnos i antigenska prevlast između pet izolata virusa bolesti Aujeszkoga (VBA) označenih VBA1, VBA2, VBA3, mA1p i CD. Unakrižnim serum-neutralizacijskim testom mjerena je količina specifičnih protutijela. Općenito je zapažena jaka serološka srodnost između pretraženih izolata. Uočena su beznačajna odstupanja (P<0,05) u srodnosti bilo koja dva izolata. Međutim, najjača srodnost uočena je između VBA2 i VBA3 te između VBA2 i CD izolata. Ustanovljeno je da antigenska prevlast jednih izolata nad drugima nije bila značajna (P<0,01), iako je uočena nešto veća antigenska prevlast CD izolata nad VBA3 te mA1p nad VBA3. Može se zaključiti da u ovom radu nije zabilježeno ni značajnije serološko odstupanje niti antigenska prevlast između pet istraživanih izolata virusa bolesti Aujeszkoga pa su svrstani u jedan serološki tip

Serološka srodnost i antigenska prevlast između pet izolata virusa bolesti Aujeszkoga.

The serologic relationship and antigenic dominance among five Aujeszky’s disease virus (ADV) isolates, designated VBA1, VBA2, VBA3, mA1p and CD, was studied using homologous and heterologous antigens and sera. Cross-serum neutralization test (C-SNT) was used to measure antibody responses to the virus. Generally, close serologic relationships among ADV isolates were noted. Non-significant (P<0.05) variations in the relationship between any two viruses were observed. However, the highest bilateral relationship was observed between VBA2 and VBA3 and between VBA2 and CD isolates of the virus. The antigenic dominance of some viruses over the others was detected with non-significant (P<0.01) levels, although the higher antigenic dominance was observed for CD over VBA3 and mA1p over VBA3 also. In conclusion, neither major serological variations nor antigenic dominance among the five ADVs studied were detected in the present study, hence grouped as one serologic type.Upotrebom homolognih i heterolognih antigena i seruma istraživan je serološki odnos i antigenska prevlast između pet izolata virusa bolesti Aujeszkoga (VBA) označenih VBA1, VBA2, VBA3, mA1p i CD. Unakrižnim serum-neutralizacijskim testom mjerena je količina specifičnih protutijela. Općenito je zapažena jaka serološka srodnost između pretraženih izolata. Uočena su beznačajna odstupanja (P<0,05) u srodnosti bilo koja dva izolata. Međutim, najjača srodnost uočena je između VBA2 i VBA3 te između VBA2 i CD izolata. Ustanovljeno je da antigenska prevlast jednih izolata nad drugima nije bila značajna (P<0,01), iako je uočena nešto veća antigenska prevlast CD izolata nad VBA3 te mA1p nad VBA3. Može se zaključiti da u ovom radu nije zabilježeno ni značajnije serološko odstupanje niti antigenska prevlast između pet istraživanih izolata virusa bolesti Aujeszkoga pa su svrstani u jedan serološki tip

Exploring the action of new FimH inhibitors against CTX– 15 enzyme by enzoinformatics approach: A plausible arsenal against drug-resistant uropathogenic bacterial strains

Purpose: To explore the potency of FimH inhibitors against CTX-M β-lactamase enzyme type 15, in view of the increasing prevalence of CTX-M 15 in uropathogenic strains which has reduced the treatment options to minimal.Method: FimH inhibitors were targeted against CTXM-15 by a molecular docking approach. Thereafter, the best ligand-target confirmation was selected and analyzed using LIGPLOT+ Version v.2.1. The hydrophobic and hydrogen bonding among the catalytic site amino acids of CTXM-15 and the FimH inhibitors were analyzed and 3-D structures were converted into 2-D images by LIGPLOT algorithm.Results: Out of all the FimH inhibitors tested, 3′-chloro-4′- (α-D-mannopyranosyloxy) biphenyl-4- carbonitrile, para-biphenyl-2-methyl-3′-methylamidemannoside, para-biphenyl-2-methyl-3′,5′dimethylamide-α-D-mannoside, and thiazolylamino mannoside exhibited better interaction with the CTX-M15 active site than the positive control avibactam. Moreover, in CTX-M 15, the amino acid residues, Ser70, Tyr105, Ser130, Asn132, Thr216, Thr235, Gly236, and Ser237 were commonly interacting with these FimH inhibitors as well as avibactam.Conclusion: The predicted findings suggest that these FimH inhibitors could be explored as potential CTX-M 15 inhibitors to cope-up with resistance issues of uropathogenic bacteria in the form of an alternate strategy

Contributions of al-Razi on alchemy in terms of metal and substance

Ancient Greek philosophers make a great contribution to the history of chemistry and the knowledge has been passed into the domain of the Islamic scholars. During that time, the Greeks did not yet make any distinction between alchemy and any ofthe other natural sciences, instead merging it together with their philosophical and religious beliefs. Nevertheless, the basic knowledge of chemistry which surface by Aristotle (the four elements theory) is preserved by the Islamic scholar and also added their own observation to it. The Islamic scholars optimistically refined Ancient Greek alchemy and the foundation of the first separation of chemistry as a separate disciple. Their alchemy is based on Aristotelian idea of four elements and endeavor to integrate them with their beliefs in Allah and their studies into psychology, medicine and physic

Factors Influencing training effectiveness: Evidence from public sector in Bahrain

The objective of this study is to explore problems faced by training programmes implemented at the public sector in Bahrain. Key issues discussed are related to training and development. The significance of the training cannot be ignored in delivering the needed knowledge and capabilities. Therefore, the training should be effective enough to attain these objectives. This study evaluates in accordance with vocational training a number of contextual factors discovered to have an influence in a different combination with other previously examined effective factors. It explores the relationship between them. It also identifies types of relation between the training effectiveness and the contextual factors. The framework of this study is established according to the Kirkpatrick training model. This model consists of four levels measuring training effectiveness namely reaction, learning, behavior, and result. Instrument utilized in this study was a 122 item questionnaire combined to respond to 2 hypotheses. The questionnaire was self-administered in staggered among the targeted respondents. It is revealed that contextual factors namely training environment, and trainee motivation have positive effectiveness in programms conducted in the public sector. This study provides critical inputs and contribution to literatures related to training in the public sector in Bahrain

A Novel Approach For Detection of Neurological Disorders through Electrical Potential Developed in Brain

This paper talks about the phenomenon of recurrence and using this concept it proposes a novel and a very simple and user friendly method to diagnose the neurological disorders by using the EEG signals.The mathematical concept of recurrence forms the basis for the detection of neurological disorders,and the tool used is MATLAB.  Using MATLAB, an algorithm is designed which uses EEG signals as the input and uses the synchronizing patterns of EEG signals to determine various neurological disorders through graphs and recurrence plot

Comparison of Credit Risk Management Practices among Islamic and Public Commercial Bank’s in Pakistan

The main objective of this research is to explain a topic in credit risk management practices. Furthermore, this research evaluates credit risk management practices in Pakistani banks. In addition, it compares and evaluates the techniques used by currently operating Islamic banks and public commercial banks. Quantitative research methods were used in the present study. A total of 400 self-administrated questionnaires have been distributed among Pakistani employee-selected banks. SPSS version 24 has been used to analyze responses using correlation, regression, and t-tests. The purpose of this research is to observe the major elements that impact credit risk management practices, which include credit risk understanding, credit risk identification, credit risk assessment, credit risk monitoring, and credit risk analysis showing that each of these elements promoted credit risk management practices among certain institutions. This study also examined the combined impact of these five variables on Pakistan\u27s currently operating Islamic banks and public commercial banks. Finally, there are different approaches to practicing credit risk management among various institutions. The research also produced a framework for practices of credit risk management and a survey-based instrument, both of which are significant contributions