The hybrid of waqf land and zakat fund development: a case study for protecting asnaf fisabilillah well-being / Siti Nadiah Mohd Ali, Salbiah Mokhtar and Abdul Halim Mohd Noor

This research purpose is to explore the hybrid of Waqf land and zakat fund in the development of asnaf fisabilillah needs. Due to the current situation, asnaf fisabilillah in the context of zakat division in modern time interpretation can be used to design socioeconomic development and to uphold the symbolism of Islam. The significant value of understanding this issue will undergo qualitative research based on a paradigm of strategic management theories to suit the internal and the external needs of Pahang SIRC. Using purposive sampling, Pahang SIRC has been chosen to be part of the study where rich data got from the semi-structured interview with three officers. The data were taped, transcribed and analyzed using coding analysis for multiple interviews. Our results inform that, from Pahang SIRC officer’s perspective, there is a need in the hybrid between Waqf land and zakat fund to the well-being of asnaf fisabilillah. The officers are more worried about the benefits of interest they give to the asnaf fisabilillah are insufficient, so that the collection of zakat fund needs to be in the "house." The finding shows that Pahang SIRC has two projects that involved asnaf fisabilillah in the combination of Waqf land and zakat fund. In summary, this study provides some discussion of the single case study which represents a hybrid of Waqf land, and zakat is a comprehensive collaboration within SIRC unit in their operation. The awareness of the knowledge of Waqf land and zakat from the shariah and management principles give a broader perspective to the professionals in Pahang SIRC to contribute to the target group

View: a 3D virtual learning environment for introduction to multimedia subjects using cooperative learning approach

Rapid advancement of technology can simplify and speed up communication processes. The development of information and communication technology (ICT) for instance, has allowed various learning activities to be conducted virtually. Some of the activities that have extensively exploited such a technology are cooperative and collaborative learning, in which ICT can strongly support the vital elements of the learning activities. The elements of these activities are interaction and communication between students, which are often carried out in a two-dimensional virtual learning environment (2-D VLE) by utilizing Web 2.0 applications such as chat rooms, online discussion forums, social networking sites, and blogs. Despite being extraordinarily capable of supporting online learning activities, ICT has several drawbacks. The technology is limited to text-based communication; it provides less support in the use of nonverbal communication to convey messages; and it provides users with limited tools to collaborate. These limitations make the applications inferior in supporting communication and interaction hence the learning activities performed in a VLE are considered very limited and not realistic since they are executed merely through text conversations or discussions without any other forms of interactions. Several problems have emerged from these limitations, particularly on students’ interaction, participation, motivation, satisfaction dan sense of presence. Therefore recently, a threedimensional virtual learning environment (3-D VLE) or a virtual world has been utilized as a platform of online learning as it possesses potentials in supporting online and virtual learning. However, 3-D VLE is still new in Malaysia, especially at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), although it is very beneficial for online learning and especially for distance Statistical analysis showed that there are significant performance improvements between students' scores in pre and post test. While interaction and communication of the students were evaluated by analyzing the recorded video of the learning activities using the content analysis technique based on a coding scheme which is related to cooperative learning. The results of this analysis indicate that the frequencies of seeking input and contributing about the tasks and also technical matters among the students were high. Therefore it shows that majority of the students were active during the learning process and none of them was a sleeping partner. In terms of satisfaction and sense of presence, it was assessed through questionnaires that were distributed to the students upon completion of all learning activities. Based on statistical analysis that has been carried out, the findings showed that scores of social presence, place presence and co-presence were high, thus showing that the students can feel that they were really in the virtual world along with their friends. From the interview conducted with several selected students, they were satisfied with the cooperative learning in ViEW. They feel that learning in 3-D VLE was enjoyable and has great potential to be further implemented in all subjects

Head Loss Characteristics in a Burnt Oil Palm Shell Granules Filter Compared to a Sand Filter and its Application in Rapid Filtration

Studies were carried out on the initial head loss and the operational head loss occurring in single medium filters of sand and burnt oil palm shell (BOPS) as well as in a dual-media filter consisting of these two materials. The experimental initial head loss values in filters were shown to agree with the values predicted by the well-known Fair and Hatch formula. The characteristics of the experimental operational head loss were quite similar to the Ives's prediction. The dual-media filter proved to be a cost effective technique for water filtration due to its long running time and high quality filtered water

Effects of Effective Size in Rapid Sand Filtration

A study on the effects of effective size of sand media in a rapid filtration process with respect to turbidity, filter run and flow rate was carried out at Sungai Langat Water Treatment Works. The findings of the study show no significant difference in the final tUrbidity achieved with effective sizes (cj range between 0.4 and 0.9 mm. However, filter run increases with higher effective sizes. Filter run is also affected by a change in flow rate a 50% increase in flow rate results in the 'reduction of filter run by two hOUrS for the effective sizes studied

Checking the adequacy of rainwater harvesting system for housing and landscaping

Rainwater harvesting has been the main source of water supply for potable and non-potable uses in the old days because the water conveyance systems were not used for water distribution and the method used for rainwater harvesting was simple and primary (rainwater was mostly collected from roofs and some was collected directly from the sky). Usage of the collected water volume from rainwater harvesting was direct and without any treatment. Presently, the water supply systems have improved but the demand is increasing due to the population growth, and development. Rainwater can be used for potable and non-potable uses. The potable uses include drinking, cooking, bathing and washing. Usually, the rainwater used for this purpose must be treated to remove the contaminants. Non-potable uses include flushing toilets, watering garden and washing floor where treatment of rainwater is not required for these purposes. The volume of rainwater collected from rainwater harvesting system varies from place to place and depends on weather. In the present study, a rainwater harvesting system was installed in the Faculty of Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, Malaysia. The system is composed of the catchment (roof), gutter, pipe, steel tank and treatment unit. From 20 different rain events, the collected volume of the rainwater from different events ranges between 0.17 m3 and 2 m3. The daily water consumption is monitored for one month and compared with the collected rainwater volume. The volume of collected rainwater is found to be adequate to meet the non-potable uses. In a tropical country like Malaysia it is easy to collect 2 m3 in a single rain while 10 m3 is collected annually in Zambia, Africa from a roof of almost of the same size. The rainwater harvesting can be used for landscaping and the computation made to determine the volumes of yield and consumption shows that rainwater is also adequate to meet the requirement for landscaping in rainy months

A systems approach to mathematical modeling of sterilisation process in palm oil mill

A model of sterilisation process of palm fruitlet was developed by applying finite-difference explicit method for two dimensions. Several relationships with parameters have been studied such as pressure, specific heat capacity (CP), stability criterion (r) and thickness (L). In performing calculations for heat transfer by conduction model of palm fruitlet, a few assumptions have been made to simplify the calculations. In this model, the palm fruitlets have been assumed as a rectangular. The program is capable of predicting the optimum condition for sterilisation process. The important findings in this study suggest the process can be operated at pressure approaching atmospheric pressure, i.e. (1.5 - 2.0 bar)

Empirical model simulating rainwater harvesting system in Tropical area

Rainwater harvesting is the technique of capturing the rainfall to meet some water needs in both urban and rural areas. The volume of rainwater collected from rainwater harvesting system varies from place to place and depends mainly on the climatic condition. Typically, the rainwater harvesting system is composed of the catchment (roof), gutter, rainwater pipe, and storage tank. Reliability of a rainwater harvesting system mainly depends on the collected volume in rainwater storage tank and it is also used to check whether the collected volume of rainwater can meet a specific water demand (either for potable or non-potable uses). In the present study, a rainwater harvesting system is installed at the Faculty of Engineering, University Putra Malaysia. The system is tested using data from 24 different rain events. The collected data includes rain depth and rainwater volume. It is found that the rainwater volume ranges form 0.027 m³ to 4.03 m³. The actual data is used to produce an empirical model for predicting the collected rainwater volume. Calibration and validation processes are conducted to the proposed model and T-test shows that the model prediction is within 95% level of confidence. Also, the water consumption for toilet flushing is monitored using water meter. Reliability of the installed rainwater harvesting system for toilet flushing is computed. It is found that the system reliability ranges from 26.61 % to 100 % depending on daily water demand and recorded rainwater depth

Mathematical modelling of dengue pattern in Penang, Malaysia

Dengue fever is an endemic disease in many tropical and subtropical regions. In Malaysia, it is the leading public health challenge despite the extensive intervention programs by the related authorities. Distribution of dengue cases in Malaysia varies according to states and districts where cases are more distinct in urban and suburban areas. Preparedness strategies of dengue cases could be more successful with some comprehensive and technical analysis on disease incidences. Hence, the present study analyses dengue cases using mathematical modelling in the state of Penang, one of the more urbanised state. In particular, two time series models are fitted to the dengue data from the region in order to identify the mathematical model that best describe the data. Results show that both proposed models are able to represent the cases rather well; however numerical inspection revealed that Double Exponential Smoothing method is the better choice. Subsequently, the identified model is used to make forecasting on the number of expected cases. Results show that dengue cases in Penang are expected to increase gradually

Glucose utilization of mucuna bracteata sap by saccharomyces cerevisiae in fermentation process

The usage of cover crops has been increase popularity in the agricultural community. A cover crop is a crop planted mainly to manage soil erosion, soil fertility, soil quality, water, weeds, pests, diseases, biodiversity and wildlife in an agro ecosystem. Besides these advantages, cover crops also have disadvantages. Firstly, in order to terminate the crop, the cost that needed was too high. Next, it can also reduce soil moisture, increased risk of plant disease and increased risk of the pest population. Exceeded cover crops also can increase competition between the cash crops in order to get nutrients [1]. In order to overcome this problem, a research was conducted to study about cover crops as a new biomass source to produce something valuable