Solar system for irrigation system

Solar power is absolutely perfect for use with irrigation systems for gardens, grass such as golf course, field and especially for planting. Using 12 V Solar Panel, the sun energy will converted to electrical power and saves to 12 V batteries. When the sun is rising and shining, the solar panel will absorb the energy of the sun and the energy will keep in the battery. The battery will supply the power to the water pump. By using the timer, the irrigation system will turn on the pump at the same time every day. We also can use relay to supply the power of the pump or many other pump with our choice to ON/OFF the pump every day. The system will turn OFF when the electrical conductivity probes detect the suitable value of soil moisture

Numerical Study on the Effect of Geometrical Parameters on the Performance of Vortex Tube Cooling Device Using Simflow

Vortex tube is a simple device which can separate room temperature compressed gas into the cold and hot flow. The performance of vortex tube is mainly affected by its geometrical parameters. In this study, the parameters are focused on cold outlet diameter and hot tube length. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect the cold outlet diameter and hot tube length in the range of 4-5 mm and 175-194 mm, respectively, when the inner diameter of vortex tube is 10 mm. The numerical investigation was carried using SIMFLOW 2.1 to predict the performance of vortex tube. The results show that 4 mm cold outlet diameter and 175 mm hot tube length is the optimum parameter for 10 mm inner tube diameter of the vortex tube

RoBoSS: A Robust, Bounded, Sparse, and Smooth Loss Function for Supervised Learning

In the domain of machine learning algorithms, the significance of the loss function is paramount, especially in supervised learning tasks. It serves as a fundamental pillar that profoundly influences the behavior and efficacy of supervised learning algorithms. Traditional loss functions, while widely used, often struggle to handle noisy and high-dimensional data, impede model interpretability, and lead to slow convergence during training. In this paper, we address the aforementioned constraints by proposing a novel robust, bounded, sparse, and smooth (RoBoSS) loss function for supervised learning. Further, we incorporate the RoBoSS loss function within the framework of support vector machine (SVM) and introduce a new robust algorithm named $\mathcal{L}_{rbss}$-SVM. For the theoretical analysis, the classification-calibrated property and generalization ability are also presented. These investigations are crucial for gaining deeper insights into the performance of the RoBoSS loss function in the classification tasks and its potential to generalize well to unseen data. To empirically demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed $\mathcal{L}_{rbss}$-SVM, we evaluate it on $88$ real-world UCI and KEEL datasets from diverse domains. Additionally, to exemplify the effectiveness of the proposed $\mathcal{L}_{rbss}$-SVM within the biomedical realm, we evaluated it on two medical datasets: the electroencephalogram (EEG) signal dataset and the breast cancer (BreaKHis) dataset. The numerical results substantiate the superiority of the proposed $\mathcal{L}_{rbss}$-SVM model, both in terms of its remarkable generalization performance and its efficiency in training time

HEPATOPROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF PUNICA GRANATUM FRUIT AGAINST D-GALACTOSAMINE INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY IN RATS: IN VITRO AND IN VIVO STUDIES

Objective: Hepatoprotective activity of Punica granatum Linn. (Family: Punicaceae) was evaluated by in vitro and in vivo model. HepG2 cell lines were used for in vitro study and D-Galactosamine (D-GalN) induced hepatic damage model for in vivo evaluation.Methods: Hepatoprotective potential was assessed by measuring serum level of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, glutamate pyruvate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, and albumin. Enzymatic antioxidant parameters like TBARs (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances), GSH (glutathione), SOD (superoxide dismutase) and CAT (catalase) also evaluated in this study. Results: Rats treated with D-GalN showed a significant increase in serum levels of SGOT (serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase), SGPT (serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase), ALP (alkaline phosphatase), bilirubin and TBARs, reflecting liver damage. The in vitro study indicates a beneficial effect of aqueous extract of P. granatum in comparison with methanolic extract, on D-GalN induced toxicity to HepG2 cells. On the basis of in vitro study, aqueous extract was selected for in vivo evaluation. The aqueous extract of P. granatum significantly reduced the elevated serum biomarkers, indicating the recovery of hepatocellular injury. It was also observed that D-GalN induced a significant decrease in GSH, SOD, CAT, protein, and albumin level were increased on the treatment of the rats with aqueous extract of P. granatum. The findings were also confirmed by histopathological studies. Periportal area and extensive hepatocyte damage and haemorrhage are seen in D-GalN treated group. The portal triad with less degree of inflammatory cell infiltration around the bile duct is seen in P. granatum (500 mg/kg)+(D-GalN) treated group.Conclusion: Results of this study revealed that P. granatum fruit could afford a significant protection for the alleviation of hepatic toxicity. Possible mechanism may involve its action against oxidative stress.Â

Tawakal Semasa Musibah dalam Travelog Biniku Ninja Karya Azlan Andi [Tawakkul During Calamities in Biniku Ninja Travelogue by Azlan Andi]

Kajian ini membahaskan konsep tawakal semasa musibah berdasarkan Imam Ghazali dalam travelog Biniku Ninja karya Azlan Andi. Travelog ini mengisahkan kehidupan dan pengembaraan penuh dugaan pasangan muda Azlan Andi dan Sabatini Dzue ke luar negara. Sambutan dalam kalangan peminat amat hangat sehingga ia menjadi antara buku terlaris dalam syarikat penerbitan Sahabat At Taqwa dan diadaptasi menjadi drama khas di Astro Oasis pada 2017. Dalam pengembaraan, tanpa disedari  tawakal sering saja berlaku kepada seseorang pengembara. Walaupun begitu, kajian terhadap konsep tawakal dalam karya pengembaraan tidak banyak dilakukan. Justeru itu, kajian ini akan menganalisis travelog Biniku Ninja dari aspek tawakal ketika menyara kehidupan, kehilangan barang, kecemasan dan memulakan kehidupan baru daripada kategori tawakal untuk mendapatkan sesuatu dalam urusan duniawi atau mencegah musibah berdasarkan Imam Ghazali. Kajian ini berbentuk kualitatif dengan menggunakan kaedah analisis kandungan dan temubual. Hasil dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa tawakal dan pasrah berkemungkinan wujud dalam pengembaraan. Namun begitu, tawakal lebih afdhal untuk diamalkan kerana impaknya yang positif kepada pengembara berbanding pasrah yang cenderung kepada impak negatif. Malah, pengamal tawakal dalam pengembaraan mampu mendekatkan diri kepada Allah kerana tawakal mempengaruhi kembara fizikal dan rohaninya. Diharapkan kajian ini akan menggalakkan penyelidikan lanjutan terhadap konsep tawakal dan juga karya-karya kembara yang lain. This study discusses the tawakkul concept in calamities according to Imam Ghazali in Azlan Andi's travelogue Biniku Ninja. This travelogue tells the story of the life and adventures of a young couple Azlan Andi and Sabatini Dzue abroad. The reception among fans was so warm that it became one of the best-selling books in the publishing company, Sahabat At Taqwa and was adapted into a special drama on Astro Oasis in 2017. In travel, tawakkul often happens to a traveller without realizing it. Even so, the study of tawakkul concept in travel narratives is not done much. Therefore, this study will analyse the travelogue Biniku Ninja from the aspects of tawakkul when making a living, losing things, experiencing emergency and starting a new life from the tawakkul category; to get something in worldly affairs or prevent misfortune according to Imam Ghazali. This study is qualitative by nature by applying the methods of content analysis and interviews. The result of this study shows that tawakkul and surrender are likely to exist in adventure. Nevertheless, tawakkul is better to be practiced because of its positive impact on travelers compared to surrender which tends to have a negative impact. In fact, tawakkul practitioners in travel are able to draw closer to Allah because tawakkul affects their physical and spiritual journey. It is hoped that this study will encourage further research into the tawakkul concept and also other travel narratives

Evaluation of Selection Criteria of Sports Persons in Eastern Region of SAI, India

The intent of this study was to evaluate the organizational structure, administrative frame work and facilities related to selection criteria of   Sports Authority of India, Eastern region, Kolkata. The sample of the present study was drawn randomly from the administrator, coaches and players of the SAI, Eastern region. The size of the sample was 300 comprising 200 players, 60 coaches or sports-experts and 40 administrators.  At the outset survey procedure was adopted for collecting data by using extensive questionnaire on administrators, coaches and players of SAI  Eastern region. The data thus collected were tabulated and put to statistical treatment. In a view of the spelled study and nature of the data,‘t’ test was employed to explore the difference among the assorted categories of subjects on various items of organization, administration and facilities. And “Kruskal-Wallis” test was also applied. It is non-parametric technique, which is commonly referred as one-way analysis of various ranks

CpG methylation of the FHIT, FANCF, cyclin-D2, BRCA2 and RUNX3 genes in Granulosa cell tumors (GCTs) of ovarian origin

BACKGROUND: Granulosa cell tumors (GCTs) are relatively rare and are subtypes of the sex-cord stromal neoplasms. Methylation induced silencing in the promoters of genes such as tumor suppressor genes, DNA repair genes and pro-apoptotic genes is recognised as a critical factor in cancer development. METHODS: We examined the role of promoter hypermethylation, an epigenetic alteration that is associated with the silencing tumor suppressor genes in human cancer, by studying 5 gene promoters in 25 GCTs cases by methylation specific PCR and RT-PCR. In addition, the compatible tissues (normal tissues distant from lesion) from three non-astrocytoma patients were also included as the control. RESULTS: Frequencies of methylation in GCTs were 7/25 (28 % for FHIT), 6/25 (24% for FNACF), 3/25 (12% for Cyclin D2), 1/25 (4% for BRCA2) and 14/25 (56%) in RUNX3 genes. Correlation of promoter methylation with clinical characteristics and other genetic changes revealed that overall promoter methylation was higher in more advanced stage of the disease. Promoter methylation was associated with gene silencing in GCT cell lines. Treatment with methylation or histone deacetylation-inhibiting agents resulted in profound reactivation of gene expression. CONCLUSIONS: These results may have implications in better understanding the underlying epigenetic mechanisms in GCT development, provide prognostic indicators, and identify important gene targets for treatment

CLINICAL EVALUATION OF UNANI DRUGS MAJOON MUQAWWI RAHIM IN THE SAYALAN AL RAHIM (SIBYANI) PRE PUBERTAL VAGINAL DISCHARGE: A PRELIMINARY STUDY

The pre-pubertal vulvo vaginal discharge (sayalan al rahimsibyani) is increasing slowly but steadily in young girls has been a well-known disease among young women since ages. Now a day’s almost all Unani physicians at from Hippocrates 360 BC down to Shiekh Abu Ali Sina 910 AD Ibn –ul-Nafees, Ibn e Zuhr and Indian origin physicians like Hakeem Shareef Khan, Hakeem Akbar Arzani, Hakeem Mohd Azam Khan and Hakeem Abdul Aziz have mentioned the disease in there treatise and suggested single as well as compound drugs for internal and external use, The study has been conducted successfully by the Central Research Institute of Unani Medicine Lucknow, to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Unani drugs in the treatment of the disease. The pre pubertal vaginal discharge is not a new phenomenon in young girls, but due to the social stigmait is discussed in Indian society. Some studies suggest that various internal and external factors are causing the disease but to the best of over knowledge only a few studies have been conducted in the Indian sub-continent hence the Central Research Institute of Unani Medicine, ministry of AYUSH Govt. of India took upon itself the responsibility and conducted a clinical trial on 22 young girls with consent of their parents and Majoon muqawwi rahim an Unani pharmacopeial formulation was administrated orally in semi solid form and the results are so encouraging that CCRUM may plan a bigger study in large scale and lead the country in the treatment of PPV through herbal Unani formulation and provide relief the suffering young girls

In vitro study of antibacterial activity of Kanocha seeds (Phyllanthus maderaspatensis) against some gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial strains

320-326Kanocha is the dried seeds of Phyllanthus maderaspatensis of family Phyllanthaceae. It has been long utilising in Unani system of medicine to cure many ailments including genitourinary infectious diseases. In the current investigation, the aqueous, alcoholic and hydroalcoholic extracts of Kanocha seeds were screened for their antibacterial actions against both gram-positive (Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Corynebacterium xerosis and Bacillus cereus) and gram-negative (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus vulgaris) bacterial strains compared with the standard Drug: Ciprofloxacin (SD060) 5 µg/disk for gram-positive bacterial strains and Gentamicin (SD016) 10 µg/disk for gram-negative bacterial strains using Zone of Inhibition (ZOI) with the help of Agar well method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) & minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) with the help of Nutrient Broth method. The data was analysed using Gpad INSTAT programming, one-way ANOVA and post-test Bonferroni. Alcoholic and hydroalcoholic extract showed significant antibacterial activity than the aqueous extract but not up to the mark as compared to standard group indicating that the alcoholic and hydroalcoholic extract has the capability of extracting more phytochemicals than aqueous extract which are responsible for their antibacterial activity. It could be concluded that the present drug possesses antibacterial property

Mapping of Potential Groundwater Using Electrical Resistivity Imaging (ERI) at Low Land Area of Parit Raja Johor

Electrical Resistivity Imaging (ERI) has emerged as an important technique in geophysical surveys for gaining more information and locating hidden water. This method was used at Parit Raja, Johor to investigate the location of underground water storage. Two-dimensional (2D) geoelectrical imaging has been used for this study. The imaging method was used at three different locations in the study area to identify potential aquifer and suitable locations for boreholes that would serve as observation wells. A Schlumberger array was set up during data acquisition since it can imagine deeper profile data and suitable for areas with a homogeneous layer. For 2D subsurface images, the raw data were processed with the RES2DINV software. According to the ERI results, this area was dominant with low resistivity values of less than 10 Ωm and potential shallow aquifer depths ranging from 10 to 30 m. Furthermore, the chargeability value obtained from Induced Polarization (IP) supported this point. According to the IP data, the chargeability at that point was between 0 and 1 ms, indicating the presence of a groundwater in the study area