A Modified Architecture of Multiplier and Accumulator Using Spurious Power Suppression Technique

High speed and low power Multiplier and Accumulator (MAC) unit is at most requirement of today’s VLSI systems and digital signal processing (DSP) applications like FFT, Finite Impulse response filters, convolution etc. In this modified architecture, Radix-4 Modified Booth Encoding (MBE) is used to produce the partial products. In this multiplication and accumulation has been combined using a hybrid type of Carry Save Adder (CSA). So the performance will be improved. A Carry Look ahead Adder is inserted in the CSA tree to reduce the number of bits in the final adder. In booth multiplication, when two numbers are multiplied some portion of the data may be zero. By neglecting those data, power has been reduced. For this purpose Spurious Power Suppression Technique (SPST) is used to remove useless portion of the data in addition process. In this modified architecture, the overall process is three stages to produce the result. The modified MAC operation is coded with Verilog and simulated using Xilinx 12.1

PROBIOTIC Rhodotorula mucilaginosa ISOLATED FROM FERMENTED FOOD: INVESTIGATION OF PUFA PRODUCTION AND STRATEGY FOR HEALTH IMPROVEMENT

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are a vital component for human health. PUFA cannot be synthesized by human system and hence dependance on other sources has become inevitable. Though porcine liver and fish oil were the dependable sources for ages past, yet cheaper microbial source was sought after and have gained importance as well. Such microbial oils normally used as biofuels can also be used for several therapeutic purposes. Hence, this study was designed to evaluate the quality and quantity of lipids produced by a probiotic yeast, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa. The lipid production potential of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa has indeed attracted a lot of attention. Isolation and characterization of the probiotic yeast with enhanced lipid production and determining the lipid components have become the aim of the work

The Comparative Evaluation of the Degree of Conversion, Marginal Adaptation and Surface Hardness of Four Different Composite Resins Before and After Preheating: An In Vitro study

BACKGROUND: Resin composites as direct posterior restorative material was associated with the polymerization contraction and microleakage. Different methods have been introduced to overcome these drawbacks by increasing the degree of monomer conversion and to minimize the polymerization shrinkage. Composite preheating is an innovative method to improve the handling and physical properties. So this study was done to evaluate the effect of prepolymerization warming of different composites on the degree of conversion and the marginal adaptation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Preheating of composites was done with the heating device and categorized accordingly as Group 1 - Delta composite warmer (preheating at 61˚C) and Group 2 – Room temperature composites ( no preheating). Four resin composites were taken as Group 1A & 2 A – Bulk fill nanohybrid, Group 1B & 2B – Nanofill, Group 1C & 2C – Ormocer based composite and Group 1D & 2D – Microhybrid composites to assess the mechanical properties before and after heating of the composites. For evaluation of surface hardness and degree of conversion, split mold of length 5 mm × width 5 mm × height 3 mm was taken. 160 composite blocks were prepared based on four composite resins for both preheated and control groups (n = 80). For preheating, composites were heated at 61˚C in the composite warmer and then light cured in a split mold. Prepared composite blocks (n= 80) were powdered to analyze the degree of monomer conversion to polymer using FTIR spectroscopy. Surface hardness was determined for 80 composite blocks with vicker microhardness tester . To analyze axial adaptation, class II cavities was prepared in 80 premolars and restored with respective composites. Samples were sectioned and analysed using SEM at 200x magnification and marginal gap width was measured using Image analysis software. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Data was entered in Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21 Software for Windows. Data were executed in the form of mean and standard deviation and were analyzed with one way analysis of variance and Kruskal – Wallis tests. RESULTS: The results indicated that preheated composite group showed a higher degree of conversion and surface hardness than the room temperature composite group. Statistically significant differences was observed between Bulk fill nanohybrid, Ormocer, Nanofill and Microhybrid composites in terms of degree of conversion and surface hardness (p < 0.05). For degree of conversion, the highest mean percentage value was observed with Ormocer (74.35%) and the lowest mean percentage value was observed with bulk fill nanohybrid (44.44%). For surface hardness, the highest mean hardness value was observed with nanofill (110.58 VHN) and the lowest mean hardness value was with microhybrid (58.32 VHN). For internal marginal adaptation, no statistically significant results were found. But the frequency of gap formation was comparatively higher in preheated group with increased MQ4 scores. CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of the present study, it could be concluded that, 1. Preheated group showed higher degree of conversion and surface hardness values with ormocer and nanofill ranked with the highest mean values respectively. 2. Preheated group showed poor internal marginal adaptation with increased frequency of gap formation

Safety and Efficacy of Tenecteplase in Comparison with Thrombectomy in Ischemic Stroke

BACKGROUND: According to the World Health Organization (WHO), it is the second leading cause of death and people above the age of 60 years. Ischemic stroke is a major health problem and leading cause of death and disability. Tenecteplase has more fibrin specificity, longer half life half than other t-PA and low cost. There are very few studies conducted in South India that studied the safety and efficacy of tenecteplase in comparison with thrombectomy. OBJECTIVE(s): This study was carried out to assess the safety and efficacy of tenecteplase in acute ischemic stroke patients with the objectives to compare the safety and efficacy of tenecteplase with thrombectomy and tenecteplase plus thrombectomy treatment in ischemic stroke; to evaluate the neurological outcome after 3 months using National Institute of Health stroke scale; and to measure the degree of disability among ischemic stroke patients using Modified Rankin scale. METHODOLOGY: The study was carried out from June 2019 to October 2019 after the KMCH ethics committee approval (Ref. No: EC/AP/716/06/2019). A total 24 patients were considered for the study in two groups: Tenecteplase group and mechanical thrombectomy group and were compared by the independent t-test using SPSS software (ver.20). RESULTS: About 50% of the patients came above 3h and 33.3% came in 2-3 h in tenecteplase group whereas in thrombectomy, 58.3% of the patients came above 3h and 33.3% of patients came in 2-3 h. It was also observed that in tenecteplase group, there was no patient who had risk of bleeding whereas in thrombectomy, one patient was under risk but recovered. CONCLUSION: Tenecteplase is considered to be a low cost, easy for administration and also has a longer half life than other rt-PA. So, Tenecteplase has a more safety and efficacy of the ischemic stroke patients and has very low risk of bleeding

Assessing growth performance and agro-meteorological indices of green gram (Vigna radiata L.) varieties influenced by soil amendments and foliar application under sodic soil in Cauvery delta zone of Tamil Nadu

Green gram prefers neutral soil reactions and is sensitive to saline and alkaline soil conditions. Around 2.1 % of the country's geographical area is salt-affected, of which 3.77 million ha is sodic soil. Rehabilitation of salt-affected soil using drainage is expensive and leaching with good quality water is not feasible. To overcome this, a field experiment was conducted at Anbil Dharmalingam Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tiruchirappalli, during summer 2022 to study the effect of soil amendments and foliar nutrition under sodic soil. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with three replications. The treatments comprised of different varieties in main plots (M1, M2, M3, M4, M5 and M6)  and different soil amendments with foliar application in sub plots (S1, S2 and S3). The results showed that VBN (Gg) 4 + gypsum @ 50 % GR + pressmud @ 10 t ha-1 + FS of brassinosteroid 0.2 ppm (M4S1) registered higher plant height (18.31, 31.52 &amp; 60.63 cm), DMP (907, 1932 &amp; 2969 kg ha-1), CGR (3.02, 6.83 &amp; 4.15 g m-2 d-1) and SPAD value (37.56, 41.62 &amp; 30.57) at 30, 45 DAS and harvest. The same treatments increased grain and haulm yield of 997 and 2232 kg ha-1. It also increased all agro-meteorological indices viz., GDD, HTU, PTU, RTD and HUE of green gram. However, comparable results were obtained with VBN (Gg) 4 + gypsum @ 50 % GR + CSR GROMOR @ 25 kg ha-1 + FS of brassinosteroid 0.2 ppm (M4S2)

Correlation of soil physico chemical properties with a yield of green gram (Vigna radiata L.) by soil amendments and foliar nutrition under sodic soil condition

In India, about 3.77 million ha of the country's geographical area is affected by sodicity. There is an urgent need to minimize further land degradation and restore the fertility of degraded soils to meet the growing demand for food. The most effective way to overcome salt stress is by applying nutrients through soil and foliar. In this context, a field experiment was conducted at Anbil Dharmalingam Agricultural College and Research Institute (ADAC &amp; RI), Tiruchirappalli, in the summer of 2022 to study the reclamation potential of soil amendments and foliar nutrition in sodic soil. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with three replications. The treatment comprised of soil amendments viz., M1- Pongamia green leaf manure (GLM) @ 6.25 t ha-1, M2- Pressmud @ 10 t ha-1, M3-CSR GROMOR @ 25 kg ha-1, M4-Gypsum @ 50 % GR, M5-Gypsum @ 50 % gypsum requirement (GR) + Pongamia GLM @ 6.25 t ha-1, M6-Gypsum @ 50 % GR + Pressmud @ 10 t ha-1, M7-Gypsum @ 50 % GR + CSR GROMOR @ 25 kg ha-1 and M8- Farmers practice, in main plots and foliar nutrition viz., S1- Foliar spray (FS) of CSR GROMOR @ 3% @ 30 DAS, S2-FS of Brassinosteroid (BRs) 0.2 ppm @ 30 DAS and S3-FS of Melatonin 60 ppm @ 30 DAS in sub plots. The results showed that gypsum @ 50 % GR + Pressmud @ 10 t ha-1+ FS of Brassinosteroid 0.2 ppm @ 30 DAS(M6S2) registered significantly (P=0.05%) lowest pH (8.07), ESP (11.62%), exchangeable Na+ (2.93 c mol (p+) kg-1) with higher exchangeable Ca2+(11.23 c mol (p+) kg-1), Mg2+ (8.09 c mol (p+) kg-1) and K+(0.82 c mol (p+) kg-1). It also increased soil available nutrients (235.6, 24.57 &amp; 309.6 kg NPK ha-1) and grain yield (1110 kg ha-1) of green gram. However, it was on par with gypsum @ 50 % GR + CSR GROMOR @ 25 kg ha-1 + FS of Brassinosteroid 0.2 ppm @ 30 DAS(M7S2). Hence it was concluded that the application of gypsum along with pressmud or CSR GROMOR combined with FS of brassinostroid had a remarkable effect in reducing soil sodicity and increasing the productivity of green gram.

DESIGN OF LOW POWER CARRY SKIP ADDER USING DTCMOS

In the domain of VLSI design, the adders are always meant to be the most fundamental requirements for processors of high performance and other multicore devices. It is found that power dissipation is a major problem in the electronic devices. Power management integrated circuit (PMIC) is emphasized as battery-powered portable electronics such as smart phone are commonly used. In this paper we are designing a carry skip adder which consumes less power than the other conventional adders using dynamic threshold complementary metal oxide semiconductor (DTCMOS).Tthe circuit is designed using tanner EDA simulator of 32nm technology. Also the circuit is compared with the CMOS technology methods

Growth and yield response of winter blackgram (Vigna mungo) under high temperature and elevated CO2 conditions

Blackgram is the most important legume crop grown throughout India. It is mostly cultivated during the rainy and winter seasons in central and southern India. An investigation was carried out during winter 2021 to evaluate the effect of High Day Temperature (ambient+3oC) and Elevated CO2 (600ppm) (HDT and eCO2) and High Day and Night Temperature (ambient+3oC) and Elevated CO2 (600ppm) (HDNT and eCO2) on growth and yield of blackgram (Vigna mungo) under soil plant atmospheric research (SPAR) and ambient conditions with eleven treatments (T1 to T11). The results revealed that significant (P=0.05) increase in photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, number of pods per plant and grain yield by 22.3%, 80.6%, 29.2%, 28% and 41.3%, respectively, under HDT and eCO2 conditions from 46 to 60 DAS (days after sowing) in comparison with HDNT and eCO2 and ambient conditions. The increase in chlorophyll index under HDT and eCO2 during 16 to 30 DAS by 12.9%. The significant increase in the number of flowers per plant and biomass of the blackgram was increased under HDT and eCO2 during 31 to 45 DAS by 7% and 38.1%, respectively. However, the plant height and leaf area index of the blackgram were found to have significantly increased under HDT and eCO2 during the early stage (1 to 15 DAS) by 29.3% and 44.5%, respectively. This experiment indicated a significant increase in crop growth, leaf photosynthesis and yield of blackgram under HDT and eCO2 at flowering stage to pod development stage (31 to 60 DAS) followed by HDNT and eCO2 and ambient condition. The overall findings of the study showed that increased temperature and CO2 levels would result in greater biomass production and increased yield for the black gram.

Evaluating Little Millet (Panicum sumatrense L.) Based Intercropping System on Growth, Yield and Nutrient Status of Soil under Rainfed Condition

Aims: To determine the suitable component crop and its row pattern for enhancing growth and yield of little millet under intercropping system. Study Design:&nbsp; Randomized complete Block Design (RBD). Place and Duration of Study: The field experiment was carried out during the rabi season from October 2023 – January 2024 at Instructional north farm in Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu. Methodology: This field experiment consists of 3 replications with eleven treatments viz., T1 – Little millet sole crop, T2 – Little millet + black gram (4:1), T3 – Little millet + black gram (6:1), T4 – Little millet + green gram (4:1), T5 – Little millet + green gram (6:1), T6 – Little millet + redgram (4:1), T7 – Little millet + redgram (6:1), T8 – Little millet + cowpea (4:1), T9 – Little millet + cowpea (6:1), T10 – Little millet + bengal gram (4:1), T11 – Little millet + bengal gram (6:1). Results: The results of the experiment showed that T2 little millet + black gram (4:1) recorded the higher growth parameters like plant height (127.6 and 133.6 cm at 60 DAS and at harvest stage) and LAI of 5.23 and 4.84 at 60 DAS and at harvest stage, respectively and also produced higher yield parameters like no.of tillers plant-1 (9) and no.of productive tillers (8) with higher grain and stover yield of 1326 and 4109 kg ha-1 and it is statistically parallel with T4 little millet + green gram (4:1). And also, nutrient uptake was highest (N – 40.8, P – 5.7 and K – 33.5 kg ha-1) in little millet + black gram (6:1). Regarding the post harvest soil fertility status, little millet + cowpea (4:1) registered the highest available NPK (339, 47.6 and 197 kg ha-1). Therefore, intercropping of black gram or green gram with little millet under rainfed condition would be the ideal recommendation

Potential bioactive compound from marine actinomycetes against biofouling bacteria

578-582In the present study, 25 bacterial isolates were recovered from fouling samples collected from Parangipettai coastal area. Based on their adherence property, three isolates were characterized and identified as Bacillus sp. (BB11), Serratia sp. (BB13) and Alteromonas sp. (BB14). Six out of 20 actinomycete extracts showed inhibition of biofouling bacteria in disc diffusion method. Strain R1 extract showed maximum inhibition against all the biofouling bacteria tested. Culture filtrate and ethyl acetate extract from strain R1 showed 13-15 mm inhibition against biofouling bacteria. Reduction in biofilm formation was also observed in cover slip method. Active antifouling compound was purified using TLC and detected by bioautography. Based on chemical screening, the active compound was tentatively identified as sugar containing molecule. potential actinomycete strain R1 was characterized and identified as Streptomyces filamentosus (R1). Present study concluded that the marine actinomycete, Streptomyces filamentosus (R1) will be a potential source for the development of eco-friendly antifouling compounds. This will be a better alternative to the pollution causing synthetic antifoulants