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Not AvailableRice–wheat rotation is the most important cropping system of the Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) and is responsible for the food security of the region. The effect of different integrated nutrient management practices on soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks and its fractions, SOC sequestration potential as well as the sustainability of the rice–wheat system were evaluated in long term experiments at different agroclimatic zones of IGP. Application of NPK either through inorganic fertilizers or through combination of inorganic fertilizer and organics such as farm yard manure (FYM) or crop residue or green manure improved the SOC, particulate organic carbon (POC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC) concentration and their sequestration rate. Application of 50% NPK + 50% N through FYM in rice and 100% NPK in wheat, sequestered 0.39, 0.50, 0.51 and 0.62 Mg C ha−1 yr−1 over control (no N–P–K fertilizers or organics), respectively at Ludhiana, Kanpur, Sabour and Kalyani using the mass of SOC in the control treatment as reference point. Soil carbon sequestration with response to application of fertilizer partially substituted (50% on N basis) with organics were higher in Kalyani and Sabour lying in humid climate than Ludhiana and Kanpur lying in semiarid climate. The rice yield recorded a significant declining trend in Ludhiana and Kanpur where as the yield trend was stable at Sabour and Kalyani under unfertilized control. The system productivity in N–P–K fertilized plots and NPK along with organics showed either an increasing trend or remained stable at all locations during last two and half decades of the experiment.Not Availabl

Crystal structure studies, Hirshfeld surface analysis and DFT calculations of novel 1-5-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-1,3,4]oxadiazol-2-yl]-piperazine derivatives

Two new compounds 1-(4-tert-butyl-benzenesulfonyl)-4-5-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-1,3,4]oxadiazol-2-yl]-piperazine (I) and 1-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,4]oxadiazol-2-yl]-4-(4-bromo)benzene sulfonyl-piperazine (II) of 1-5-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-1,3,4]oxadiazol-2-yl]- piperazine derivatives have been synthesized and the structures were confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. The computational density functional theory (DFT) calculations have been carried out to shed light on reactive sites for electrophilic and nucleophilic nature of the molecules. Both the compounds were crystallized in the monoclinic crystal system, in P21/n space group wherein the piperazine ring in both the structures adopts a chair conformation. Both the compounds I and II exhibit intermolecular hydrogen bonds of the type C—H…O and contribute to the crystal packing. Further, the molecular Hirshfeld surface analysis was carried out which reveals the nature of intermolecular contacts, the fingerprint plot provides the information about the percentage contribution and revealed that the H…H (54.7 for compound I and 40.2 for compound II) interactions has the major contribution

Application of Optimized and Validated Agar Overlay TLC-Bioautography Assay for Detecting the Antimicrobial Metabolites of Pharmaceutical Interest

The agar overlay TLC-bioautography is one of the crucial methods for simultaneous in situ detection and separation of antimicrobial metabolites of pharmaceutical interest. The main focus of this research relies on the dereplication of an antimicrobial metabolite coriloxin derived from mycoendophytic Xylaria sp. NBRTSB-20 with a validation of agar overlay TLC-bioautography technique. This polyketide metabolite coriloxin was purified by column chromatography, and its purity was assessed by HPLC, UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS, FT-IR and NMR spectral analysis. The antimicrobial capability of ethyl acetate extract and the purified compound coriloxin was determined by disc diffusion, minimal inhibitory concentration and agar overlay TLC-bioautography assay. The visible LOD of coriloxin antimicrobial activity was found at 10 mu g for Escherichia coli and 20 mu g for both Staphylococcus aureus and Fusarium oxysporum. Inter- and intra-day precision was determined as the relative standard deviation is less than 6.56%, which proved that this method was precise. The accuracy was expressed as recovery, and the values were found ranging from 91.18 to 108.73% with RSD values 0.94-2.30%, respectively. The overall findings of this investigation suggest that agar overlay TLC-bioautography assay is a suitable and acceptable method for the in situ determination of antimicrobial pharmaceuticals