Synthesis and Chemical Characterization of Some NovelAzachalcones compounds and Evaluation of their Biological Activity

Abstract : A series of novel Azachalcone compounds were prepared by the reaction of 3-acetyl pyridine with different aromatic aldehyd . Azachalcone was reacted with thiourea to give good yields of thiazines , all the new compounds were characterized by I.R , U.V and TLC. Also the Biological Activities of these compounds against anti bacteril and anti fungal were evaluated . some of these compounds gave good activit

Design and Investigation of LTE 3GPP Baseband Transceiver Based Fourier Signals for Different Channel Estimation Algorithms in SUI Channels

3GPP LTE is the evolution of the UMTS in response to ever?increasing demands for high quality multimedia services according to users’ expectations. These technologies have been selected for LTE 3GPP. Pilot?assisted channel estimation is a method in which known signals, called pilots, are transmitted along with data to obtain channel knowledge for proper decoding of received signals. This paper refers to channel estimation based on time-domain channel statistics. Using a general  channels model for Stanford University Interim (SUI) Channel Models, the aim of the paper is to find out the most suitable channel estimation algorithms for the existing LTE 3GPP Baseband Transceiver and modified the bit error rate for this system. Starting with the analysis of channel estimation algorithms, we present the Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE (and Least Square (LS (estimators and compromising between performances under different SUI channel scenarios. Performance of these algorithms has been measured in terms of Bit Error Rate (BER). The bit error rate for a 16-QAM system is presented by methods of Matlab simulation results. Keywords: LTE 3GPP, MMSE, LS, OFDM, SUI

Assessment of the work conditions of small slaughterhouses in the Thi-Qar governorate in Iraq

Background: Working conditions have a vital role to play in determining health and disability. So, the objective of this study was to assess the work conditions of small slaughterhouses in the Thi-Qar governorate in Iraq.Design and methods: This study is a cross-sectional field survey. A total of twenty-six (26) small slaughterhouses were included as a sample size from the Thi-Qar governorate. The data collection was done by observations of the authors using a questionnaire and specific questions were also directed to the slaughterhouse workers if needed. It was conducted between February and April 2018. The study was planned to demonstrate the current status of small slaughterhouses in terms of water supply facilities, quality of small slaughterhouses building, sanitation practices.Results: All of the small slaughterhouses had a water supply and all they had hot and cold water. Most of the small slaughterhouses had water tanks and put water pipes away from slaughter sites. The proportions ranged from 76.9 to 96.0 for the quality of small slaughterhouses building. With regard to fire safety measures, 96.2% of buildings are supplied with mobile fire extinguishing equipment according to safety and security requirements. Concerning rodent and insects’ control, sixteen (61.5%) of small slaughterhouses use insecticides and pesticides and only six (23.1%) of them use traps for rodents. Most of the small slaughterhouses’ windows (88.5%) were covered with a thin net to prevent the insects from entering.Conclusions: The finding of this study indicated that work conditions of small slaughterhouses were generally adequate in terms of water supply facilities, sanitation practices, ventilation, fire safety measures, and rodents and insects’ control.&nbsp

The Removal of Zinc from Aqueous Solutions Using Malvaparviflora

In this study, the adsorption of Zn (NO3)2 is carried out by using surfaces of malvaparviflora. The validity of the adsorption is evaluated by using atomic absorption Spectrophotometry through determination the amount of adsorbed Zn (NO3)2. Various parameters such as PH, adsorbent weight and contact time are studied in terms of their effect on the reaction progress. Furthermore, Lagergren’s equation is used to determine adsorption kinetics. It is observed that high removal of Zn (NO3)2 is obtained at PH=2. High removal of Zn (NO3)2 is at the time equivalent of 60 min and reaches equilibrium,where 0.25gm is the best weight of adsorbant . For kinetics the reaction onto malvaparviflora follows pseudo first order Lagergren’s equation

The Cytotoxic Activity Chara elegans on Growth of same Cell Lines

Background:Cellular and molecular studies have shown algae derived ingredients to be potent naturally occurring anticancer compounds and have been suggested to prevent carcinogenesis.Fucoxanthin is a marine carotenoid found in green algae and is documented to display remarkable anticancer activity. Fucoxanthin suppressed the growth of LNCap prostate cancer cells in a concentration-dependent manner along with the induction G(1) cell cycle arrest, but not apoptosis. Objective: In accordance with same concept, diphlorethohydroxycarmalol (DPHC), isolated from the brown algae Ishige okamurae, notably reduced the level of radiation-induced intracellular ROS and protected cells from undergoing cell death in cultured Chinese hamster lung fibroblast (V79-4) cells. Patients and Methods: Used leaf  extraction from alge chara elegans aqueous extract and crude alcohol. Two types of cell lines, Hela cell line cervical cancer and normal cell embryo rat cell line REF(, were used in this study. They were obtained kindly from Iraqi Center for cancer and medical genetic research (ICCMGR) .The cell line were grown on uncoated coverslips in a Dulbecco’s Minimal Essential Medium (DMEM) with 10 fetal bovine serum (PAA), 2 µM glutamine (PAA), 100 µ/ml penicillin, and 100 μg/ml  streptomycin.                                     Results: The results showed this alge contains most of  the chemical compounds such as Alkaloids, Saponins, Glycosides, Flavonoids, Steroids and Terpenes.The cytotoxicity of the aqueous extract and crude alcohol extract was investigated  on the cancer cells line, hela  and normal cell line Ref. Toxic effect for both extracts was indicated by rate of proliferation inhibition . The alcohol extract showed the inhibition of Hela  cell line at percentage 20.35%-72.66% more than the aqueous extract (18.68%-48.26%) at concentrations: 62.5-2000 µg/ml. Both extracts (alcoholic  extract and aqueous extract) showed almost  the same effect at the concentration 8000µg/ml. At low concentrations of both extracts no inhibition effect was observed  on normal cells line Ref. The alcohol extract showed the inhibition of Ref  cell line at percentage 67.61% more than the aqueous extract (66.66%) at concentrations 8000µg/ml.                                               Conclusion: The conclusion was made that the C. elegans is a promising alge in treatment of cancer through its inhibition  of the proliferation of cancer cells., the results demonstrated that  extraction from leaf  chara elegans aqueous extract and crude alcohol is inhibition Hela cell line  cell, and lesser inhibition extend against Ref cell line

Simulation of Drug Release in Expanding Hydrogels Containing Chitosan and Gelatin

Utilizing mathematical modeling of drug release is one method for accelerating the rate of drug diffusion and penetration in hydrogel-based systems. This method facilitates a greater comprehension of drug control mechanisms and their release. Hydrogels are expanding biomaterials that necessitate regulation for use in drug release. The current study's objective is to model drug release in swelling hydrogels containing combinations of chitosan and gelatin polymers; with the aid of this simulation, the release time and concentration of the drug can be predicted. This modeling examined changes in the concentration of drugs in various hydrogels. For this simulation, the governing equations of the drug release system in Python and the numerical solution method were utilized to determine the drug release mechanism in the hydrogel. Then, the graphs of the changes in drug concentration in each hydrogel were examined to evaluate the performance of hydrogels in drug release. Observations revealed that the swelling rate of the hydrogel increases as the concentration of chitosan relative to gelatin in the hydrogel composition rises and that the drug release rate in hydrogels with more significant swelling was also accelerated. Compared to Cs-Gel (1:4) hydrogel, the drug release time in Cs-Gel (4:1), Cs-Gel (3:2), Cs-Gel (2.5:2.5) and Cs-Gel (2:3) hydrogels decreased by 52, 44, 37, and 18%, respectively. In hydrogels with a high swelling rate, the drug concentration decreased rapidly, whereas in hydrogels with a low swelling rate, the duration of drug release increased. This is due to the significance of mass transfer via mass movement and inflation rate

A Sustainable synthesis, eco-safe approach efficiency and DFT study of novel 5,6,7,8-Tetrahyroquinazolin-2(1H)-one derivatives as antioxidant reagents

5,6,7,8-Tetrahydroquinazolin-2-(thio)-ones (THQ) fits the class of N-heterocycles as a structural core in numerous bioactive compounds. They promptly extended previous decades. They were significantly recognized in combinatorial chemistry and materials science to determine the drug discovery, antioxidants, and pharmaceuticals fields. In the present work, one-pot multicomponent sustainable synthesis of THQ with easily accessible starting materials, i.e., cyclohexanone, different aromatic aldehydes and (thio)urea, has been performed to determine the proposed Biginelli mechanism that is supported by DFT. It is found that the THQs are synthesized by a mechano-chemical (grinding) tool to achieve a yield of 85.2% within 3.5 min, i.e., YE (% yield/time) 24.34 differs from the conventional method in which lower % yield (YE = 0.72) of THQ was achieved. This confirmed that in the green chemistry principle, the determination of % yield according to saving reaction time must be considered. Moreover, DFT-based antioxidant properties of the THQ were also studied in which the most potent antioxidant compounds were 7b > 6d > 2f. Softness (σ, eV−1) and hardness (η, eV mol−1) can approve the soft molecule that stays more reactive as a result of decreasing the energy gap along heterocyclic with values 0.1491 > 0.1300 > 0.1168 eV−1 one-to-one with the efficiency of antioxidant

The development and validation of a scoring tool to predict the operative duration of elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Background: The ability to accurately predict operative duration has the potential to optimise theatre efficiency and utilisation, thus reducing costs and increasing staff and patient satisfaction. With laparoscopic cholecystectomy being one of the most commonly performed procedures worldwide, a tool to predict operative duration could be extremely beneficial to healthcare organisations. Methods: Data collected from the CholeS study on patients undergoing cholecystectomy in UK and Irish hospitals between 04/2014 and 05/2014 were used to study operative duration. A multivariable binary logistic regression model was produced in order to identify significant independent predictors of long (> 90 min) operations. The resulting model was converted to a risk score, which was subsequently validated on second cohort of patients using ROC curves. Results: After exclusions, data were available for 7227 patients in the derivation (CholeS) cohort. The median operative duration was 60 min (interquartile range 45–85), with 17.7% of operations lasting longer than 90 min. Ten factors were found to be significant independent predictors of operative durations > 90 min, including ASA, age, previous surgical admissions, BMI, gallbladder wall thickness and CBD diameter. A risk score was then produced from these factors, and applied to a cohort of 2405 patients from a tertiary centre for external validation. This returned an area under the ROC curve of 0.708 (SE = 0.013, p  90 min increasing more than eightfold from 5.1 to 41.8% in the extremes of the score. Conclusion: The scoring tool produced in this study was found to be significantly predictive of long operative durations on validation in an external cohort. As such, the tool may have the potential to enable organisations to better organise theatre lists and deliver greater efficiencies in care

The food hygiene practices among workers in restaurants of Wasit Governorate, Iraq

Objectives: To determine the knowledge, attitude and practices related to food hygiene among those working in restaurants. Method: The descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted from January 5 to April 30, 2019, within restaurants located in Hay, Kut, Numania, Badra, Azizia and Suwera cities in the Wasit Governorate of Iraq. Those included using simple random sampling technique were food handlers of either gender. Data was collected using a predesigned questionnaire. Results: Of the 330 subjects from 55 restaurants, 320(96.9%) were males and 10(3%) females. The overall mean age was 31.6±9.5 years (range: 15-55 years). Overall, 193(58.4%) subjects were married, 279(84.5%) had work experience <10 years, 90(27.2%) had professional training, 212(64.2%) had studied up to secondary level, and 113(34.2%) were working as waiters. Of the total, 127(38.48%) subjects correctly described food hygiene, and 197(59.69%) acknowledged the necessity of obligatory periodical check-ups. Hygiene practice scores were poor in 223(67.57%) cases. Conclusion: The food hygiene knowledge, attitude and practice of food handlers in restaurants of Wasit governorate were found to be poor. Keywords: Restaurants, Health, Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Hygiene, Surveys

Thermal conductivity and dynamic viscosity of highly mineralized water

Further development in the field of geothermal energy require reliable reference data on the thermophysical properties of geothermal waters, namely, on the thermal conductivity and viscosity of aqueous salt solutions at temperatures of 293–473 K, pressures Ps = 100 MPa, and concentrations of 0–25 wt.%. Given the lack of data and models, especially for the dynamic viscosity of aqueous salt solutions at a pressure of above 40 MPa, generalized formulas are presented here, by which these gaps can be filled. The article presents a generalized formula for obtaining reliable data on the thermal conductivity of water aqueous solutions of salts for Ps = 100 MPa, temperatures of 293–473 K and concentrations of 0%–25% (wt.%), as well as generalized formulas for the dynamic viscosity of water up to pressures of 500 MPa and aqueous solutions of salts for Ps = 100 MPa, temperatures 333–473 K, and concentration 0%–25%. The obtained values agree with the experimental data within 1.6%