Animation for Visualization of Some Algebraic Concepts

Presenting the sciences and teaching the courses in an interactive way is one of the most attractive aspects of the web and educational technology. Many mathematical softwares demonstrate how these technologies make advance topics more accessible and complex mathematical concepts more understandable. The common problems in mathematics teaching process; is the difficulties, undergraduate students encounter in understanding math concepts, theories and problem solving. These problems can be overcome through using creativity in developing math teaching tools and styles. The objective of this project is to use macromedia Flash to make many confusing and complex math concepts simple, visualized and interesting and also to develop a part of a package of animated and visualized mathematical courses. Flash ability and flexibility are the features of this tool which help the designer to develop demonstrating of algebra concepts in a virtual environment. This research will use Macromedia Flash for developing a visualized package of algebra course (Introduction to Algebra (MTK 3001)

Development of environmental health strategies for prevention of childhood diarrhoea in Sebeta town, Ethiopia

The aim of this study was to assess and explore the household environmental health factors associated with the occurrence of diarrhoea in under five children in Sebeta town of Ethiopia, in order to develop environmental health strategies for prevention of childhood diarrhoea. A descriptive, quantitative, contextual and cross-sectional study, using stratified random sampling method, was used to conduct the research. The data collection was carried out from November 6 to 28, 2013 using structured interview schedules and a total of 477 households’ mothers/caregivers with under five children had participated in the study. In analyzing data, both bivariate and multivariate analyses were employed using SPSS software. The finding of the study shows that the prevalence of childhood diarrhoea was 9.9%. A number of risk factors including socio-demographic variables, water and hygienic practices, and knowledge risk factors showed significant association with childhood diarrhoea on bivariate analysis using chi-squared and Fischer's exact tests. Multivariate analysis using binary logistic regression was conducted to examine the significance of identified risk factors in bivariate analysis. The results of multivariate regression analysis shows that four variables were associated with risk of childhood diarrhoea; including type of toilet facility (AOR: 0.37; 95% CI 0.16 – 0.87; p=0.023), availability of specific place for handwashing (AOR: 0.40; 95% CI 0.18 – 0.90; p=0.026), availability of handwashing facility (AOR: 0.20; 95% CI 0.06 – 0.70; p=0.012) and mothers’ knowledge on diarrhoea causation (AOR: 3.09; 95% CI 1.24 – 7.68; p=0.015). Although childhood diarrhoea was found to be less prevalent as compared to national and regional prevalence rates, diarrhoea remains one of the causes of morbidity in children of the studied households. The findings of the study concludes that childhood diarrhoea has a number of environmental determinants, notably due to environmental health risk factors associated with lack of improved sanitation and hand-washing facilities and poor knowledge on diarrhoea causation. The study thus recommends that effective measures to curtail prevalence of diarrhoea in urban contexts should be substantially increased by enhancing urban sanitation promotion programmes with emphasis on accelerating universal access to improved sanitation and handwashing facilities, together with efforts in promoting proper hygiene behaviours.Health StudiesD. Litt. et Phil. (Health Studies

Assessing environmental sanitation in Urban setting of Duken Town, Ethiopia

The aim of this study was to assess the environmental sanitation conditions with regard to water, sanitation, waste management and personal hygiene of households of Dukem town in Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study design was used to conduct the research. A total of 391 households had participated in the study. Majority of households had access to improved source of drinking water. The mean per capita per day water consumption of the households was low. Two-thirds of households had improved toilet facilities. Availability of improved waste management was grossly inadequate. Two-thirds of households had washed hands after visiting toilet. Generally households had good domestic environmental sanitation conditions but it also emerged that the households were deprived from full range of access to the most essential environmental sanitation services. Therefore, the inadequate level of service to the study area could be seen as opportunity for further focused improvements towards universal access to improved environmental sanitation.Health StudiesM.A. (Public Health

An effective technique for increasing capacity and improving bandwidth in 5G narrow-band internet of things

In recent years, the wireless spectrum has become increasingly scarce as demand for wireless services has grown, requiring imaginative approaches to increase capacity within a limited spectral resource. This article proposes a new method that combines modified symbol time compression with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MSTC-OFDM), to enhance capacity for the narrow-band internet of things (NB-IoT) system. The suggested method, MSTC-OFDM, is based on the modified symbol time compression (MSTC) technique. The MSTC is a compressed waveform technique that increases capacity by compressing the occupied symbol time without losing bit error rate (BER) performance or data throughput. A comparative analysis is provided between the traditional orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system and the MSTC-OFDM method. The simulation results show that the MSTC-OFDM scheme drastically decreases the symbol time (ST) by 75% compared to a standard OFDM system. As a result, the MSTC-OFDM system offers four times the bit rate of a typical OFDM system using the same bandwidth and modulation but with a little increase in complexity. Moreover, compared to an OFDM system with 16 quadrature amplitude modulation (16QAM-OFDM), the MSTC-OFDM system reduces the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) by 3.9 dB to transmit the same amount of data

The mechanisms underlying uterine receptivity in pigs and women

Successful implantation and pregnancy require synchronisation between a fully receptive endometrium and a well-developed embryo. In assisted reproductive technologies (ART), the embryo is created in artificial conditions while endometrial receptivity is affected by ovarian stimulation treatment. Therefore, one or both of these factors may be major contributors to embryo loss. Many supplementation regimes have been utilised to optimise this synchronisation and to provide luteal phase support in ART cycles. In this study, the use of progestogen and oestradiol supplementations in women undergoing ART was assessed using a systematic review and meta-analysis approach. In addition, porcine models were used to evaluate the communication between embryo and endometrium during the peri-implantation period. Meta-analysis studies were performed for women undergo ART cycles with fresh or frozen embryo transfer and in intrauterine insemination (IUI). All available trials that compared the effects of progestogen treatments alone or with oestradiol were included and all the studies did not meet the eligibility characteristics were excluded. In fresh embryo transfer, 211 studies with 29,357 women undergoing IVF/ICSI cycles were analysed. The use of progestogen supplementation improved the clinical pregnancy rate versus no supplementation (p<0.001 from 18% to 35% in treated cycles). Starting progestogen supplementation 1-1.5 days after oocyte retrieval was more beneficial (p<0.001, 41%) than any other start time. Using the intramuscular route was significantly more beneficial (p<0.001, 43.8%) to clinical pregnancy rates than the vaginal route (35.8%). This meta-analysis study also showed that adding oestrogen to progestogen was beneficial (p<0.01) for clinical pregnancy rate. In frozen embryo transfer, 30 studies (5146 women) were used to assess clinical pregnancy rate after progestogen supplementation. Regardless of the method used for endometrium preparation, progestogen supplementation as luteal phase support was beneficial (p<0.01) for clinical pregnancy outcome. In intrauterine insemination (IUI) cycles, there were 14 studies (1555 women) included in the analysis, which illustrated that using progestogens increased (p<0.01) clinical pregnancy rate after using gonadotrophins for ovarian simulation. The first porcine study investigated the relationship between embryo development and number, luteal function and oestradiol concentration in uterine flushes on days 3-5, 11-12 and 13-14 of pregnancy (47 pigs in total). The number and weight of corpora lutea were similar in the animals that had a low (≤9) or high (>9) number of embryos. The total luteal progesterone content on pregnancy day 3-5 was significantly higher (p<0.05) in animals with a high number of embryos compared with those with a low number of embryos, while there were no differences on pregnancy days 11-12 and 13-14. Moreover, the result demonstrated that on pregnancy day 11-12, higher oestradiol levels in uterine flushes were significantly associated (p<0.05) with the presence of embryos at the filamentous stage. However, there was no association between the number of embryos and the uterine flush level of oestradiol on days 3-5 and 11-12 of pregnancy. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that the preimplantation disappearance of progesterone receptors (PGR) in luminal epithelial cells was associated with an increased expression of integrin αvβ1 (ITGA5/B1) in pregnant sows on days 11-12 and 13-14 of pregnancy. In addition, stanniocalcin 1 (STC1) protein was localised to the luminal epithelial and stroma cells of the endometrium. On day 11-12 of pregnancy (n=6), there was no significant association between the endometrial progesterone content (high versus low) and STC1, osteopontin (OPN) or mucin 1 (MUC1) expression in the endometrium. Explant culture was used to study the effects of progesterone and oestradiol treatment on STC1, OPN and MUC1 expression in endometrium from pregnant sows (n=8) on days 3-5, 11-12 and 13-14. To assess the regulation of STC1, OPN and MUC1 by steroid hormones, an endometrial explant tissue culture system was developed in which tissue structure, cell viability and PGR expression were maintained over several days without inducing high levels of apoptotic cell death. Endometrial explant tissues were treated with 1) progesterone (0, 10 and 100 ng/ml) or 2) oestradiol (0, 0.1 and 1 ng/ml) in the absence or presence of 10 ng/ml progesterone in a 3 × 2 factorial design. Tissue was collected after 0, 48 and 96h in culture to determine the protein expression of STC1, OPN and MUC1 by Western blot. There was no evidence to support the hypothesis that STC1 expression was influenced by progesterone or oestradiol treatment. OPN protein was expressed at all experimental times, while MUC1 was only expressed at the start of culture. A novel culture system was established to investigate angiogenesis in the porcine endometrium (non-pregnant sows in mid-luteal phase, n=4). This was utilised to examine the effect of STC1 (0, 5 and 50 ng/ml), prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α; 0, 10 and 100 ng/ml), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2: 0, 10 and 100 ng/ml) and uterine flushes from pregnant sows at day 11-12 and 13-14 (0, 20 and 200 µg/ml total protein) on endometrial endothelial cell (EC) network formation. These were investigated in basal conditions or with the addition of pro-angiogenic factors (VEGFA plus FGF2). STC1 increased the formation of EC networks significantly (p<0.001) and PGE2 had a positive effect on EC network formation in basal conditions (p<0.05). While PGF2α did not show any significant impact. In contrast to expectations, uterine flushes from both pregnancy days had a negative effect on EC formation with 200µg/ml total protein blocking all EC formation in basal and angiogenic factors conditions. In summary, progesterone supplementation has a fundamental positive impact on pregnancy outcome in women undergoing ART. More importantly, revised optimal time of starting supplementation (the day after oocyte retrieval) and route of progesterone (intramuscular) were identified. The communication between the endometrium and conceptus tissue is fundamental for successful pregnancy. The appropriate timing of uterine receptivity is dependent on the synchronised secretions from the ovary and embryo. These secretions are likely to regulate endometrial angiogenesis and thereby influence the likelihood of attachment and implantation occurring. Indeed, this study demonstrated that STC1 promoted angiogenesis to a greater degree than VEGFA/FGF2 and might be a therapeutic strategy by which endometrial receptivity could be improved

Islamic finance: Meeting Global Aspirations and Growth Potential - UK Model

The purpose of this research is to describe the Islamic financial market and products, with particular emphasis on the growth of Islamic finance in the UK market. The analytical descriptive approach has been used because it will help to collect quantitative and qualitative data to answer the research question or test the research hypothesis. The results indicate that Islamic and traditional banks with the Islamic window promote investment in the UK through the financing of real estate, insurance services and financing of transport projects without interest charges on loans. (FSA) Encourage the Government to develop Islamic banking, develop market and demand, and develop Islamic finance products and services that contribute to the growth of Islamic banking services in the United Kingdom

NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE TURBULENT FLOW PARAMETERS DISTRIBUTION IN A PARTLY PERFORATED HORIZONTAL WELLBORE

The overall pressure drop in a horizontal wellbore used in the recovery of oil and gas industry was classified into four separate effects due to wall friction, increase in momentum, perforation roughness and type of fluid mixing. A perforated section is followed by a plain section for many horizontal wells. The additional pressure drop due to combined effect of perforation roughness and the type of fluid mixing was analyzed through numerical CFD and the results were compared with the experimental results of other researchers. The computations were based on the finite volume method with the SIMPLE algorithm standard ε−kmodel. The pipe was used geometrically similar to the real perforated wellbore with 60 ̊ phasing, 6 SPF (shoot per foot) and the pitch of the perforations 60 mm (the number of perforations in this paper are less than experimental pipe). The parameters that are being investigated are pressure drops of the pipe and so far simulations have been carried out for an inlet pipe Reynolds numbers ranging from 28,773 to 90,153 for the total flow rate ratio ranging from 0% to 100%. Numerical simulations were performed using CFX of ANSYS FLUENT 13, where the governing equations of mass and momentum were solved simultaneously, using the two equations of standard k-ε turbulence model. As the rate of flow through the perforations increases i.e. with the increase in flow rate ratio, the total pressure increases due to large acceleration pressure drop for higher flow rate through the perforations. The increases in perforations number increase the total pressure drop and vice versa. The numerical results agreed with the experimental work

Polypropylene/Pt Nanocomposite: Synthesis, Characterization and Study the Cytotoxic Effects

     This paper presents the synthesis of a polypropylene nanocomposite. The  nanocomposites were characterized using different techniques: atomic electron microscopy (AFM), surface shape was evaluated by (SEM),(EDS),(XRD) and (FTIR). The study showed that the platinum nanocomposite had a fatal effect on both strains of bacteria used, as well as on the growth of fungi. The compound tested showed antioxidant properties moderate activity was found. The mentioned material were evaluated in normal cell line HdFn (Human Dermal Fibroblasts, neonatal)  and breast cancer MCF-7 cancer cell line , by MTT assay for study cytotoxic effects, morphological changes, all experiments were conducted on cell lines by using the materials alone. The results of the MTT assay showed that the material [PP/ Pt] had a toxic effect on the cell lines, and the toxicity of the materials was concentration-dependent manner where that have higher toxicity on the MCF-7  cell lines than HdFn. The toxic effects of material alone were reflected on cell morphology by appearance irreversible cytopathic changes in the treated cells, which ability to cause cellular death and DNA damage. When there appeared a significant increase in the concentration of  nanocomposite , [PP/Pt]  nanocomposite have an inhibitory effect on both breast cancer and normal cell lines. Conclude both materials have genotoxic effects on normal and cancer cell lines

Doubling the Number of Connected Devices in Narrow-band Internet of Things while Maintaining System Performance: An STC-based Approach

Narrow-band Internet of Things (NB-IoT) is a low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) method that was first launched by the 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) Rel- 13 with the purpose of enabling low-cost, low-power and wide-area cellular connection for the Internet of Things (IoT). As the demand for over-the-air services grows and with the number of linked wireless devices reaching 100 billion, wireless spectrum is becoming scarce, necessitating creative techniques that can increase the number of connected devices within a restricted spectral resource in order to satisfy service needs. Consequently, it is vital that academics develop efficient solutions to fulfill the quality of service (QoS) criteria of the NB-IoT in the context of 5th generation (5G) and beyond. This study paves the way for 5G networks and beyond to have increased capacity and data rate for NB-IoT. Whereas, this article suggests a method for increasing the number of connected devices by using a technique known as symbol time compression (STC). The suggested method compresses the occupied bandwidth of each device without increasing complexity, losing data throughput or bit error rate (BER) performance. The STC approach is proposed in the literature to work with the conventional orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) to reduce bandwidth usage by 50% and improve the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). Specifically, An STC-based method is proposed that exploits the unused bandwidth to double the number of connected devices while keeping system performance and complexity. Furthermore, the {\mu}-law companding technique is leveraged to reduce the PAPR of the transmitted signals. The obtained simulation results reveal that the proposed approach using the {\mu}-law companding technique increases the transmitted data by twice and reduces the PAPR by 3.22 dB while maintaining the same complexity and BER

Cytogenetic Investigations and Y-Chromosome Microdeletion Screening in some Infertile Kurdish males In Erbil province/ Iraq

لعقم هو مرض يصيب الجهاز التناسلي يُعرف بالفشل في تحقيق الحمل السريري بعد 12 شهرًا أو أكثر من الجماع المنتظم غير المحمي. في جميع أنحاء العالم ، يؤثر العقم على ما يقرب من 15٪ من جميع الأزواج الذين يحاولون الإنجاب. يعد العقم عند الرجال مسؤولاً عن حوالي 50٪ من حالات العقم عامة. تشوهات الكروموسومات وحذف الكروموسوم Y هي الأسباب الجينية الأكثر شيوعًا لعقم الذكور، أذ تعد متلازمة كلاينفيلتر و الحذف الصغير لعامل فقد النطاف على كروموسوم Y من اهمهما. هدف هذه الدراسة هو التحري عن و مدى انتشار كلاً من التشوهات الكروموسومية وعمليات الحذف الدقيقة على كروموسوم Y في 296 رجلاً كرديًا يعانون من العقم في محافظة أربيل ، من بينهم 289 مريضًا يعانون من نقص النطاف (97.6٪) و 7 مرضى يعانون من قلة النطاف الشديدة (2.4٪) و 50 من الرجال الأصحاء كمجموعة مقارنة. وجد ان 29 مريضا (9.8٪) لديهم تشوهات كروموسومية مختلفة. تم العثور على تشوهات الكروموسومات الأكثر شيوعًا في الكروموسومات الجنسية (93.1٪ ؛ 29/27) ، من بين هذه التشوهات 20 مريضًا (69٪) لديهم متلازمة كلاينفيلتر النمط النووي 47,XXY ، 4 مرضى (13.8٪) لديهم نمط 45X0/46, Xder(Y)، كان لدى مريضان نمط XXY t(11;22)(q25;q13)   وكان لدى مريض واحد (3.4٪) نمط متلازمة تيرنر Mosaic Turner 46XY/45X0. تم اكتشاف تشوهات الكروموسومات الجسمية (6.9٪ ؛ 2/29) في مريضين 45 XY rob (13;14) (q10;q10).  تم العثور على الحذف الصغير لكروموسوم Y في 10 من 289 مريضًا يعانون من فقد النطاف (3.5٪) ، ثلاثة منهم (30٪) لديهم حذف دقيق في منطقة AZFc ، 3 منهم (30٪) لديهم حذف دقيق في منطقة AZFb ، كما كان لدى 3 مرضى آخرين الحذف الصغير في كل من المنطقة من  AZFb و  AZFc ، والمريض الأخير (10٪) كان لديه عمليات حذف صغيرة في المنطقة a و b و AZFc, AZFb, AZFa) c). وكشفت هذه الدراسة  ان كلا من تشوهات الكروموسومات و الحذف الصغير لكروموسوم  Yوجد في 3 مرضى.Infertility is a disease of the reproductive system defined by the failure to achieve a clinical pregnancy after 12 months or more of regular unprotected sexual intercourse. Worldwide, infertility affects approximately 15% of all couples trying to conceive. Male infertility is responsible for about 50% of the infertility cases. Chromosomal abnormalities and Y-chromosome microdeletions are the most common genetic causes of male infertility. Klinefelter syndrome (KS) is the most prevalent factor of the chromosomal abnormality in the infertile male. Azoospermia Factor (AZF) microdeletions located on the Y chromosome are one of the recurrent genetic cause of male infertility. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of chromosomal anomalies and AZF microdeletions in 296 infertile Kurdish men in Erbil province, 289 patients diagnosed as azoospermia (97.6%) and 7 patients as severe oligozoospermia (2.4%) and 50 healthy men as control group. Twenty nine patients (9.8%) had various chromosomal abnormalities. The most common chromosomal abnormalities were found in sex chromosomes (93.1%; 29/27),  among these abnormalities 20 patients (69%) had Klinefelter syndrome 47,XXY karyotype, 4 patients (13.8%) had 45X0/46, Xder(Y), 2 patients (6.9%) had XXY t(11;22)(q25;q13) and 1 patients (3.4%) had Mosaic Turner syndrome 46XY/45X0. The autosomal chromosomal abnormalities (6.9%; 2/29) detected in 2 patients 45, XY, rob (13;14) (q10;q10). Y chromosome microdeletions were found in 10 of 289 patients with azoospermia (3.5%), three of them (30%) had microdeletions in the AZFc region, 3 of them (30%) had microdeletions in the AZFb region, also other 3 patients had microdeletions in the b and c of AZF (AZF b,c) region, and the final one patient (10%) had microdeletions in the all a, b and c (AZF a,b,c) region. Combined Y chromosome microdeletions and chromosomal abnormalities were detected in 3 patients