Expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factors A and C in patients with peptic ulcers and gastric cancer

Purpose: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is one of the most important growth factors for metastatic tumors. To clarify the role of VEGF-A and C in patients with peptic ulcer disease (PUD) or gastric cancer (GC), we evaluated the expression levels of these two molecules. We also analyzed the effect of Helicobacter pylori infection on VEGF-A and C expression levels

The status of Iran measles surveillance system in 2014

The results showed success of the health system to detect suspected cases of the measles and appropriate sampling from suspected cases that were more than expected. In addition, per every one million population of Iran in 2014, 1.27 of cases of measles were reported; that a numbers of confirmed cases observed in Afghan refugees. Low levels of immunization coverage in eastern neighboring countries and high immigration to Iran, are the main challenge of measles elimination in Iran. The gradual accumulation of susceptible individuals, due to lack of proper vaccination or failure to respond to immunization, may underlie the development of outbreaks of measles in Iran. © 2015, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences(IUMS). All rights reserved

A STUDY ON THE INCIDENCE AND MORTALITY OF LEUKEMIA AND THEIR ASSOCIATION WITH THE HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX (HDI) WORLDWIDE IN 2012

Objective: The present study was conducted with the aim to investigate the incidence and mortality of leukemia and their association with the Human Development Index (HDI) around the world in 2012. Materials and Methods: This study was an ecologic study in the world to assess the correlation between Age-Standardized Incidence Rate (ASIR) and Age Standardized Mortality Rate (ASMR) of leukemia with HDI and its details that include: life expectancy at birth, Mean years of schooling and Gross National Income (GNI) per capita. ASIR and ASMR of leukemia expressed per 100,000 people. Statistical analyzes were performed using SPSS (Version 15.0, SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA.) Results: ASIR and ASMR of leukemia were 4.7 and 3.4 per 100,000 people, respectively. Countries with the highest ASIR were Mauritius (12), Cyprus (9.5), Canada (9.5), Ireland (9.4), and Australia (9.4). Also, countries with the highest ASMR were State of Palestine (7.7), Iraq (6.5), Mauritius (6), Syrian Arab Republic (5.7), and Ethiopia (5.4). There was a statistical significant and positive correlation between HDI and ASIR of leukemia (r = 0.74, p = 0.001), and HDI and ASMR of leukemia (r = 0.369, p = 0.001). Conclusions: The highest incidence of leukemia occurred in countries with high and very high HDI and the highest mortality rate in countries with very high and moderate HDI. There was a significant positive correlation between ASIR and ASMR of leukemia with the HDI and its dimensions

The interactive effect of water-borne cadmium and environmental hypoxia on common carp (Cyprinus carpio) metabolism

Regarding to the tight association between aquatic hypoxia and heavy metal contaminations in one hand and the role of both parameters on fish respiration, metabolism of carp could be assessed under single and mutual exposures to hypoxia and cadmium. Following measuring LC50-96h of cadmium (43.679 mg/l) for this species, 80 common carp were exposed to 10 different treatments, including control, acute (43.68 mg/l), sub-lethal (21.84 mg/l) and chronic (4.37 mg/l) cadmium as well as hypoxia for immediately (20% of saturation), 24h (40%) and 7 days (60%), and joint exposure of each similar treatment. By using of respirometer technique, we measured oxygen consumption rate in different time spans to calculate each individual standard metabolic rate (SMR), maximum metabolic rate (MMR), aerobic scope (AS), factorial aerobic scope (FAS) and critical oxygen tension (PCrit). Obtained data show that acute and sub-lethal cadmium treatments led to significant (P<0.05) increases in all metabolic indices in comparison with control group whilst the MMR and AS have been reduced (P<0.05) following hypoxia treatments. Combined treatments of hypoxia and cadmium led to reduce SMR and PCrit in all treatments and MMR, AS and FAS only in acute and sub-lethal treatments. In overall, hypoxia can act as a limiting stressor in carp while cadmium can account as a loading stressor

Identification and comparison of the yield and composition of essential oil constituents of four Eucalyptus species adapted to the climatic conditions of Khorramabad

Introduction: Eucalyptus has more than 400 species, while only a few species of this genus have been imported in Iran. In this study we aimed to investigate chemical compounds of the essential oils of Eucalyptus species adapted in Lorestan climate. Methods: In this study, the fresh young leaves of four different Eucalyptus species including E. suggrandis, E. globulus subsp. bicostata, E. nitens and E. globulus subsp. maidenii were collected in spring (the middle of May) in khorramabad, Iran. The powder of air-dried leaves of different species of Eucalyptus was subjected to hydro-distillation using a Clevenger-type apparatus. The chemical compositions of different essential oils were detected using gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and determination of their retention time (RT), retention index (RI) and Mass Spectra. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: The results of this study indicated that there was significant difference (P&lt;0.01) among the yield and chemical compounds of the essential oils of studied species. The results showed that the yield of essential oil extracted from E. suggrandis, E. globulus bicostata, E. nitens and E. globulus maidenii were 1.12, 1.34, 2.57 and 5.38, respectively. Conclusion: The essential oil constituents of four Eucalyptus species plant were different in among of some compounds. E. globulus maidenii&nbsp; &nbsp;had most content of essential oil and 1.8-Cineole compound so it is necessary to identify quality and quantity characteristics of compounds available in this plant.</p