High pressure injection technique for hypochlorite treatment of polysulfone hollow fibre membranes

High pressure injection technique for hypochlorite treatment of polysulfone hollow fibre membranes has been developed. This technique allows injection of the hypochlorite solution into the channel of the fibres at a high pressure. The effect of this treatment on water flux of the membranes is studied. The results are compared with the water flux of identical membranes subjected to traditional hypochlorite treatment. Concentrated polymer solution containing polysulfone (PSf) /poly-vinyl pyrrolidone (PVP-K90)/N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) in weight ratio of 15/5/80 together with two types of bore fluids have been used for the production of two types of hollow fibre membranes via dry-wet-spinning process. Distilled water and mixture of NMP/ distilled water are used as bore fluids. Atomic force microscopic analysis and image processing technique (SEM microphotographs) have been employed to investigate performance of PSf hollow fibres treated with the traditional and high pressure injection techniques in relation to the composition of bore fluid. It is observed that in general both treatment methods result in the increase in water flux of the hollow fibres due to elimination of PVP (poly-vinyl pyrrolidone) swelling and alteration in pore size and pore distribution. The rate of increase in water flux in the membranes treated by high pressure injection technique is found to be higher in comparison to traditionally treated membranes. It is also found that the membranes produced using a mixture of NMP/ distilled water as bore fluid exhibit a higher rate of flux increase than those produced using distilled water. High pressure injection technique yields to production of highly permeable membranes. In addition, it is found that the composition of bore fluid controls the performance of the membranes subjected to hypochlorite treatment

Assessment of genetic diversity in late flowering almond varieties using ISSR molecular markers aimed to select genotypes tolerant to early spring frost in Yazd province

The genetic diversity of 19 late flowering almond genotypes in Yazd province were assessed using ISSR markers. 10 selected ISSR primers revealed 101 polymorphic bands among which the 5`-G(AG)7ASG-3` with 17 and 5`-A(GA)7GSC-3` with 3 bands had the most and the least polymorphic bands respectively. In principal component analysis the explanation of a minor part of the total diversity by few prior components as well as the distribution of total variance among different components, indicate the relevant scattering of the ISSR primers through the genome and the validity of ISSR data for the genetic analysis in almond germplasm. The most genetic similarity in cluster analysis was observed between the genotypes 88 and 191. The high genetic similarity between some genotypes may be caused by their common origin or the geographical similarity between their regions of cultivation and improvement. The transfer and translocation of these genotypes among different studied regions have been carried out frequently. The results of molecular analysis showed that almond varieties and genotypes that are collected from close geographical regions all over the Yazd province are of large genetic homogeneity and the overall polymorphism content in studied genomes is rather low. Considering the self-incompatible nature of the almond plants, it may be concluded that the domesticated genotypes and those cultivated in studied regions, have had little mixture with alien almond germplas

Statistical modeling of the inactivation of spoilage microorganisms during ohmic heating of sour orange juice

To reduce food pathogens, increase shelf life of fruit juices and maintaining bioactive properties preservation technologies as ohmic heating have gained interest. This study sought to investigate the effect of four ohmic resistance variables, temperature (Temp), voltage (V), current (AMP) and electric conductivity (EC), on the population of two yeasts, an ascospore and three fermentative bacteria, by inoculation into sour orange juice. The incidence of the variables was evaluated through different regression models. The results of the simple linear regression (SLR) indicated that Temp, AMP and EC had a significant negative effect on the population of all microorganisms, while V had no effect on the population of any microorganism. The results of the stepwise linear regression (SWLR) showed that, for each microorganism, the variables Temp and AMP were considered to be significant being the only ones included in the model. Temperature had the highest negative effect on the population of each microorganism, explaining more than 87% of the variability of the microorganism. A full quadratic multiple linear regression (FQMLR) model fitted to the dataset such that all significant variables and interactions between variables were considered. Diverse statistical analysis confirmed the goodness of the model.publishe

The effect of group cognitive-behavioral therapy in reducing aggression in patients with thalassemia

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) on aggression in patients with thalassemia.Methods: This is an applied study in terms of objective and it is semi-experimental due to the nature of the subject, pre-test, post-test and follow-up conducted in the control group. The sample consisted of 30 patients with thalassemia city in Bojnourd, they were selected by convenience sampling method and voluntarily participated in the study. The participants were randomly divided into two groups. The first group received cognitive - behavioral therapy and the second group received no therapy. Both groups were assessed by the pre-test, post-test, and one month follow up. The assessment tool in this study were Aggression Questionnaire AGQ. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and variance analysis with repeated measures.Findings: the results showed that there is a significant correlation between the experimental group that received cognitive behavioral therapy and the control group that received no therapy in reducing aggression. These findings have important theoretical and clinical interventions.Conclusion: The results of this study will be to assess and validate detection and more precise controls used in the treatment of aggression in children with thalassemia in clinics. As well as services (CBT) to this group of clinical population as a nonpharmacologic (NMT) are effective.Keywords: cognitive behavioral group therapy, aggression, children with thalassemi

Prediction model for coronary artery disease using neural networks and feature selection based on classification and regression tree

Background and aims: Risk of implementing invasive diagnostic procedures for coronary artery disease (CAD) such as angiography is considerable. On the other hand, Successful experience has been achieved in medical data mining approaches. Therefore this study has been done to produce a model based on data mining techniques of neural networks that can predict coronary artery disease. Methods: In this descriptive- analytical study, the data set includes nine risk factors of 13228 participants who were undergone angiography at Tehran Heart Center. (4059 participants were not suffering from CAD but 9169 were suffering from CAD). Producing model for predicting coronary artery disease was done based on multilayer perceptron neural networks and variable selection based on classification and regression tree (CART) using of Statistica software. For comparison and selection of best model, the ROC curve analysis was used. Results: After seven-time modeling and comparing the generated models, the final model consists of all existing risk factors obtained with the area under ROC curve of 0.754, accuracy of 74.19%, sensitivity of 92.41% and specificity of 33.25% .Also, variable selection results in producing a model consists of four risk factors with area under ROC curve of 0.737, accuracy of 74.19%, sensitivity of 93.34% and specificity of 31.17% was produced. Conclusion: The obtained model is produced based on neural networks. The model is able to identify both high risk patients and acceptable number of healthy subjects. Also, utilizing the feature selection in this study ends up in production of a model which consists of only four risk factors as: age, sex, diabetes and high blood pressure

Methods and Functions for Brevity in Bahrampour Omran’s Karikalemator

Brevity and lingual economy affected by social and cultural factors were welcomed by contemporary literary currents in Iran. “Karikalemator” is one of the currents in which humor and brevity are its structural substructure. The speakers of the “Karikalemator” look at language differently and as a result, language games find special significance by relying on original and expressive arrays. This study aims to check the point that how the writers of the “Karikalemator” use brevity in a speech to create beauty and humor. The writers in this study find the techniques of the achievement to the brevity and humor in this literary currents in categories like metonymy, simile, metaphor, allusion, visualization, and proverb by checking Ahmadreza Bahrampour Omran’s Karikalemators that take place by polysemy motives, compressing historical and epic events, creating an image, demonstrating the thoughts, and deepening the meaning

Evaluation of medical error status in various wards of Shohadaye Ashayer Hospital, Khorramabad, Iran

Abstract: Medical errors are known as the most important challenges that healthcare systems in all countries are encountered to them. To provide security and safety for patient is one of the major items in the health care systems. Confessing medical errors imposed on patient and education system is found to be an important aspect of medical ethics and care in turn lowers incidence of errors. Given the importance of identifying and reporting occurred medical errors, the present research aimed to assess medical errors in hospital wards of Shohadaye Ashayer Hospital Khorramabad so that findings of this research can inspire us to incorporate medical errors as a very important subject in the curriculum of medical students and finally physicians can do best examination and treatment with minimal or no errors and inaccuracies. The present research is descriptive in nature which lasted from April to March 2015. Statistical population (subjects) included employees and supervisors, nurses, staffs, lab safety facilitator, pharmacy safety facilitator, surgery room personnel, equipment and personnel in the hospital wards, including the emergency department, men surgery, women surgery, operating room, orthopedics, internal medicine ward, neurology, laboratory room, surgery, infectious, ophthalmic, reception, pharmacy and CCU hospital in Shohadaye Ashayer Hospital- Khorramabad. © 2009-2016, JGPT

Evaluation of the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of sugar beet cultivars in different sowing times and transplanting and direct-seeding systems

To study the characteristics of sugar beet cultivars in transplanting and direct-seeding systems on three different sowing times (March 29, April 8, and April 18), a split plot experiment based on randomized complete blocks in three replications was carried out in Miandoab and Bokan regions, Northwest of Iran in 2016. The results showed that the highest nitrogen content was observed between the two test locations in the Bukan area. Results showed that the low root sodium, alkalinity, and molasses content was recorded for transplanting system. The minimum content of root sodium, nitrogen, and molasses sugar was observed in the plants sown on March 29. The Dorotea cultivar showed the highest root yield, sugar yield, and white sugar yield and the lowest root nitrogen and molasses sugar content compared to Isabella and Ekbatan. The highest white sugar content, coefficient of sugar extraction, sugar yield, root yield, and white sugar yield were recorded in the transplanting system with the sowing time of March 29; however, the highest content of root potassium and sugar content was observed in the transplanting system sown on April 18. The highest root yield was observed in the Dorotea cultivar, with a sowing time of March 29. Among the locations in the cultivar and planting system interaction treatments, the highest sugar content was found in the Bukan area's Dorotea cultivar in the transplanting system. Finally, the highest sugar yield was related to the transplanting system on March 29 in the Bukan area. It can be stated that an early sowing time (March 29), transplanting, and Dorotea variety were identified as the most appropriate treatments to improve the economic traits of sugar beet