Effect of different conditioning methods on the surface roughness of dental amalgam: SEM analysis

The purpose of this study was incorporation of SEM micrographs for evaluating the effect of different mechanical and chemical treatments on surface roughness of dental amalgam. Amalgam was condensed in 18 plastic molds and the following modification methods were accomplished on samples surface: 1) Chemical solutions (5 groups) on fresh amalgam 2) Chemical solutions (5 groups) on aged amalgam 3) Sandblast on aged amalgam 4) Sandblast on fresh amalgam (2 groups) before & after primary setting. 5) Use of diamond bur (0.10 coarse) on aged amalgam. 6) Acid etch (37% phosphoric acid) on fresh amalgam. 7) Metal etch on fresh amalgam. 8) Varnish solvent in amalgam capsule, trituration &condensation (fresh). 9) Standard sample without any treatment. All groups were analyzed by SEM (×l00, ×500 magnifications were used for roughness quantification and chemical analysis respectively). The numbers of surface peaks were counted in 5 area of each micrograph and consequently the data were assessed by K-S & student T- tests. All groups have statistically significant difference with control except three ones (incorporation of phosphoric acid, EDTA+NH3, and NaOH+I2 on fresh amalgam). Sandblast, diamond bur & metal etch reduced surface roughness and use of chemical solutions showed different reactions

Effect of different conditioning methods on the surface roughness of dental amalgam: SEM analysis

The purpose of this study was incorporation of SEM micrographs for evaluating the effect of different mechanical and chemical treatments on surface roughness of dental amalgam. Amalgam was condensed in 18 plastic molds and the following modification methods were accomplished on samples surface: 1) Chemical solutions (5 groups) on fresh amalgam 2) Chemical solutions (5 groups) on aged amalgam 3) Sandblast on aged amalgam 4) Sandblast on fresh amalgam (2 groups) before & after primary setting. 5) Use of diamond bur (0.10 coarse) on aged amalgam. 6) Acid etch (37% phosphoric acid) on fresh amalgam. 7) Metal etch on fresh amalgam. 8) Varnish solvent in amalgam capsule, trituration &condensation (fresh). 9) Standard sample without any treatment. All groups were analyzed by SEM (×l00, ×500 magnifications were used for roughness quantification and chemical analysis respectively). The numbers of surface peaks were counted in 5 area of each micrograph and consequently the data were assessed by K-S & student T- tests. All groups have statistically significant difference with control except three ones (incorporation of phosphoric acid, EDTA+NH3, and NaOH+I2 on fresh amalgam). Sandblast, diamond bur & metal etch reduced surface roughness and use of chemical solutions showed different reactions

The Concept of Love in the New Testament and the Qur'an

This article studies the concept of love in the Qur'an and the New Testament. The purpose of this article is to examine and compare the concept, approach and scope of love in these books. Thus, the concept of love has been first clarified and then it has been proved that love means unusual passion, not passion beyond ration. These two books have been then compared in the field of love. The most important findings of this article are in monotheistic approach which introduces God as infinite, the meaning of unlimited passion and blessings of God overlaps the concept of love and they have paradigmatic relation with love. Moreover, concept of love is the most important commonality between these two books, because they have gnostic approach to the existence and concept of love has been strongly emphasized in both. Finally the scope of love in both include mutual love of God and humans, humans’ love for all humans and humans’ love for all existence.  

Putrescine and IBA enhanced the adventitious root formation in Damask rose (Rosa × damascena Mill.) under in vivo and in vitro conditions

Purpose: To investigate the effects of Putrescine and Indole-3-Butyric Acid (IBA) on the adventitious rooting of micro-cuttings and semi-hardwood cutting of Rosa damascena, this study was conducted under both in vitro and in vivo conditions. Research Method: The rooting of micro-cuttings was induced on the basal MS medium supplemented with five concentrations (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/L) of IBA and putrescine.  In vivo experiment, putrescine and IBA at five concentrations (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2 g/L) were applied on semi-hardwood damask cuttings, while a downward wounding was created by a sharp blade on the bases of cutting as another treatment. Findings: Data showed significant variations in the root number and root length for in vitro and in vivo cuttings treated with different concentrations of putrescine and IBA. The obtained results revealed that presence of putrescine and IBA in both conditions enhanced root formation, as significantly improved the number of roots and root length in each explant. Under in vitro conditions, the maximum root length and root number were observed on the MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/l IBA+1 mg/l putrescine. Research limitations: No limitations were found. Originality/Value: The present study highlighted the role of putrescine and IBA in the adventitious rooting of R. damascena, under both in vitro and in vivo situations

Ecological Requirement, Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemical and Antioxidant Capacity of Vaccinium arctostaphylos L. in Gilan Province (North of Iran)

This study is investigate to ecological characters, ethnopharmacology, total phenols (TP), flavonoids (TF), anthocyanins (TA) contentand antioxidant capacity in leaves and fruit of Vaccinium arctostaphylos L. from two natural habitats from Gilan provinve, which has been used as a heart tonic ,anti diabeteand anti tumor. Ecological requirements were obtained in many field observation, ethno pharmacological survey was carried out among the well known indigenous herbal practitioners (60-78 ages) in South west of Gilan. The leaves and fruits of Vaccinium arctostaphylos L. were collected from two natural habitats (Khotbe sara,1600 m and Asalem, 1300 m) during Sep to Oct 2013, respectively. Methanol extracts were obtained by maceration, TP, TF and TA were determined by spectro photometrically, antioxidant capacity were measured  by total antioxidant capacity (TAC), reducing power (RP) and 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) in compare of BHT and BHA antioxidant standard and Quersetin content was messured by HPLC method. Results were showed that Vaccinium arctostaphylos L. is usually wild grow in silty loam soils (1300-1600m) and its fruit was appeared from June to September  .In both regions  phenolic components  had significant variation, ranging from TP content(263.17-471.26 mg GAEg-1),TF(186.18-289.17 mg QUE g-1) , TA  (74.3- 145.29 mg CydEg-1 ) and quersetin content (136.13-218.2 ppm respectively in 1300-1600m. Generally the fruits extract especially in 1600m had more source of phenolic componds, so was showed better antioxidant capacity (IC50 value 2.98±0.51 µg/ml) to will be confirmed the traditional uses of plant in these regions as an  good anti-inflammatory and anti diabetic

Relationship of Opium Dependency and Stroke

Abstract Background: Stroke is the third cause of mortality and not only leads to dependency, which is a great social, individual and cultural problem, but also can affect the physiology, immune system and coagulation system such as plasma fibrinogen, and it may potentially increase the risk of stroke. This study investigated the relationship of opium dependency and stroke. Methods: This case- control study was carried out in 2003-2004 in Shefa Hospital in Kerman, Iran. The case group included 105 stroke patients and control group included the same number of patients from urology ward. There were 55 females and 50 males in each group. Patients' data were collected through their medical history, physical examinations, and diagnosis procedures recorded in specific questionnaires. Data were analyzed using Chi square test. Findings:  31 patients (29.5%) in the case and 11 (10.5%) in the control group were opium dependent and the difference was significant (P = 0.001). The relationship of cigarette smoking and stroke was also significant (P = 0.0001). To find the independent effect of each of these two factors, a logistic regression analysis was done, which showed that the independent relationship of each of these two was significant (Odds ratio = 2.207, P = 0.012 and Odds ratio = 2.36, P = 0.040 for cigarette and opium dependency respectively). Conlusion: Opium dependency can be regarded as an independent risk factor for stroke. As this corresponds to previous findings as to opium dependency can increase plasma fibrinogen and development of atherosclerosis, it is important for prophylactic manages. Keyword: Drug dependency, Opium, Strok

A dermatopathic Juvenile Dermatomyositis; An Unexpected Case in Childhood

Abstract Juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) is a rare idiopathic inflammatory disease which usually presents with skin rashes along with muscle weakness. We report a case of JDM in a 10- year-old girl with no skin manifestations.She was presented with progressive muscle weakness and fatigue. Further laboratory investigation along with a muscle biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of Adermathopathic Juvenile Dermatomyositis. The patient was treated with intravenous immunoglobulin, corticosteroids, methotrexate, hydroxychloroquine, pamidronate, and Rituximab.Following treatment, patients symptoms subsided and she gained normal muscular strength over the course of a year