The effect of silver nanoparticles on composite shear bond strength to dentin with different adhesion protocols

In Dentistry, restorative materials and oral bacteria are believed to be responsible for restoration failure. To make long-lasting restorations, antibacterial agents should be made. Inorganic nanoparticles and their nano composites are applied as good antibacterial agents. Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of silver nanoparticles on composite shear bond strength using one etch and rinse and one self-etch adhesive systems. Material and Methods Silver nanoparticles were prepared. Transmission electron microscope and X-ray diffraction were used to characterize the structure of the particles. Nanoparticles were applied on exposed dentin and then different adhesives and composites were applied. All samples were tested by universal testing machine and shear bond strength was assesed. Results Particles with average diameter of about 20 nm and spherical shape were found. Moreover, it was shown that pretreatment by silver nanoparticles enhanced shear bond strength in both etch and rinse, and in self-etch adhesive systems (p≤0.05). Conclusions Considering the positive antibacterial effects of silver nanoparticles, using them is recommended in restorative dentistry. It seems that silver nanoparticles could have positive effects on bond strength of both etch-and-rinse and self-etch adhesive systems. The best results of silver nanoparticles have been achieved with Adper Single Bond and before acid etching

The effect of organizational and extra-organizational factors on the empowerment of employees with the role of organizational learning moderator (Case of Study: Nezaja Artillery and Missile Training Center)

Objective: One of the most important tasks of human resources management in the army is to cultivate efficient and capable forces that can provide the defense needs of the country in the field of human resources according to the existing threats. In this sense, the quality of the trained forces in this organization, which indicates the proportionality of these resources with threats, is an important factor in determining the effectiveness of the organization. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of organizational and extra-organizational factors on employee empowerment, and the organizational learning variable played a moderating role in the causal relationship between organizational factors and empowerment.Method: The target population of this research includes all the employees of the Artillery and Missile Training Center of the Islamic Republic of Iran Army, 178 of whom were selected and studied through three questionnaire tools: organizational factors, organizational learning, and empowerment. For data analysis, descriptive correlation strategy and structural equation model were used with the help of SPSS and Smart PLs3 statistical software.Findings: Based on the findings, the variable of organizational learning strengthens the causal relationship between the variable of organizational factors and empowerment, which shows the importance of this variable in adjusting the relationship between organizational and external factors and empowering employees.Conclusion: The result of the research indicates the confirmation of the effect of organizational factors on empowerment and the rejection of the effect of non-organizational factors on the empowerment of the studied employees. Meanwhile, the moderator of organizational learning has strengthened the causal relationship between the two variables of organizational factors and empowerment, which shows the importance of this moderator in the process of improving employee empowerment. Has i

Cell Adhesion Molecules and Cancer

Theodor Boveri in 1914 recognized the significance of changes in the adhesion of tumor cells to the development of cancer. Cell adhesion is essential in all aspects of in verte-brate cells such as cell growth, cell migration and cell differentiation. The majority of adhesion molecules fall into one of four families: cadherins, integrins, immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) and selectins. The cadherins are a family of homophilic CAMs (cell adhesion moleculs), Ca2+ dependent. The most important members of cadherins are E-cadherins (epithelial), P-cadherins (placental) and N-cadherins (neural). Immunoglobu-lin superfamily CAMs (IgSF CAMs) are either homophilic or heterophilic and bind in-tegrins, growth factor receptors cadherins or different IgSF CAMs. The integrins are a family of heterophilic CAMs that bind IgSF CAMs or the extracellular matrix. The se-lectins are a family of heterophilic CAMs that bind fucosylated carbohydrates, e.g. mu-cins. They are calcium-dependent. The three family members are E-selectin (endothelial (, L-selectin (leukocyte) and P-selectin (platelet). Recent experimental results indicate that, as well as mediating intercellular and cell–matrix interactions, cell-adhesion mole-cules also directly modulate signal transduction. Changes in the expression or function of cell-adhesion molecules can therefore contribute to tumor progression via altering the adhesion status of the cell or affecting cell signaling. The ability to colonize a specific organ has been correlated with the preferential adhesion of the cancer cells to endotheli-al cells derived from the target organ. This review summarizes recent findings about role of adhesion molecules in the tumor progression

Global, regional, and national burden of colorectal cancer and its risk factors, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Funding: F Carvalho and E Fernandes acknowledge support from Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P. (FCT), in the scope of the project UIDP/04378/2020 and UIDB/04378/2020 of the Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences UCIBIO and the project LA/P/0140/2020 of the Associate Laboratory Institute for Health and Bioeconomy i4HB; FCT/MCTES through the project UIDB/50006/2020. J Conde acknowledges the European Research Council Starting Grant (ERC-StG-2019-848325). V M Costa acknowledges the grant SFRH/BHD/110001/2015, received by Portuguese national funds through Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT), IP, under the Norma Transitória DL57/2016/CP1334/CT0006.proofepub_ahead_of_prin

Effect of Exposure to Quran Recitation on Cell Viability, Cell Migration, and BCL2L12 Gene Expression of Human Prostate Adenocarcinoma Cell Line in Culture

Background and Objectives: Prostate cancer is the third most important cause of cancer deaths and one of the most common cancers in the world. Given the limited knowledge on environmental sounds and their effects, the important role of sounds is neglected in every culture across the world. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of Quran recitation on prostate cancer cell line (PC-3) and compare it with the effects of cisplatin. Methods: The effects of cisplatin and Quran recitation on the viability and migration capacity of PC-3 cells were investigated by evaluating BCL2L12. In addition, mRNAs were assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Gene expressions of BCL2L12 and TBP were investigated as target and internal control genes, respectively. Results: The results of the in vitro assay showed a considerable inhibitory effect of Quran recitation on the proliferation and migration of PC-3 cells. Furthermore, the significant inhibitory effects of cisplatin on the proliferation and migration of PC-3 cells exposed to Quran recitation was more than that of the PC-3 cells only treated with cisplatin. Results of quantitative real time PCR demonstrated that the gene expression of BCL2L12 was significantly down regulated in PC-3 cells treated by cisplatin and those exposed to both cisplatin and Quran recitation. Conclusion: This was the first report about the direct effects of Quran recitation on non-auditory cells in culture. The results of this study suggested that Quran recitation could alter cell proliferation via the down regulation of BCL2L12 and migration of PC-3 cells. &nbsp

Evaluation of Microleakage and Biocompatibility of Universal Adhesive Containing Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles: A Comparative In Vitro Study

Background & Objective: Although dental composites have undergone a high level of development in recent years, there are still difficulties including microleakage. The incorporation of nanoparticles (NPs) in dental materials can produce antibacterial effects, but the effect of TiO2 NPs on microleakage has not yet been investigated. The present study aimed to determine the effect of TiO2 NPs incorporation in the universal single bond and pretreatment with them on microleakage of clV cavities using both total-etch and self-etch approaches. Materials & Methods: Standard clV cavities were prepared on the buccal surfaces of the sixty non-carious human molar teeth. The restoration of samples was carried out with 6 different methods and randomly divided into six groups of ten subjects. Microleakage in both gingival and occlusal margins was determined after placement in 2% basic fuschin solution for 24h. Biocompatibility of a universal single bond was evaluated by MTT assay. Results: In both occlusal and gingival margins in all groups, the application of TiO2 NPs was better than no application. We observed the relatively low cytotoxic effect of TiO2 NPs incorporated in the universal adhesive on NIH-3T3 cell viability. Conclusion: Regarding the limitations of the present investigation, using TiO2 NPs with both total-etch and self-etch approaches to universal single bond may lead to a decrease in the microleakage of resin composite restorations

The effect of silver nanoparticles on composite shear bond strength to dentin with different adhesion protocols

Abstract In Dentistry, restorative materials and oral bacteria are believed to be responsible for restoration failure. To make long-lasting restorations, antibacterial agents should be made. Inorganic nanoparticles and their nano composites are applied as good antibacterial agents. Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of silver nanoparticles on composite shear bond strength using one etch and rinse and one self-etch adhesive systems. Material and Methods Silver nanoparticles were prepared. Transmission electron microscope and X-ray diffraction were used to characterize the structure of the particles. Nanoparticles were applied on exposed dentin and then different adhesives and composites were applied. All samples were tested by universal testing machine and shear bond strength was assesed. Results Particles with average diameter of about 20 nm and spherical shape were found. Moreover, it was shown that pretreatment by silver nanoparticles enhanced shear bond strength in both etch and rinse, and in self-etch adhesive systems (p≤0.05). Conclusions Considering the positive antibacterial effects of silver nanoparticles, using them is recommended in restorative dentistry. It seems that silver nanoparticles could have positive effects on bond strength of both etch-and-rinse and self-etch adhesive systems. The best results of silver nanoparticles have been achieved with Adper Single Bond and before acid etching

Electronic Structure and Conformational Properties of Polybenzimidazole-Based Ionenes—A Density Functional Theory Investigation

Polybenzimidazole-based ionenes are explored for use in both alkaline anion-exchange membrane fuel cells and alkaline polymer electrolyzers. Poly-(hexamethyl-p-terphenylbenzimidazolium) (HMT-PMBI), the material of interest in this article, is exceptionally hydroxide-stable and water-insoluble. The impact of the degree of methylation on conformations and electronic structure properties of HMT-PMBI oligomers, from the monomer to the pentamer, is studied with density functional theory calculations. Optimization studies are presented for both the gas phase and in the presence of implicit water. In addition, time-dependent density functional theory is employed to generate the UV–vis absorption spectra of the studied systems. Results are insightful for experimentalists and theorists investigating the impact of synthetic and environmental conditions on the conformation and electronic properties of polybenzimidazole-based membranes

The Association of Apolipoprotein A1 Polymorphisms with Diabetes and Hypertension in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease in Fars Province

Abstract Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a multifactorial disorder, which remains asymptomatic for many years. Genetic and environmental factors are involved to this disease. In the past years , the role of apolipoproteins and their polymorphisms has been identified in the diseases.The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between gene polymorphisms of apolipoprotein A1 with diabetes, hypertension and cigarette smoking in CAD sufferers in Fars province. Materials and Methods: This study evaluates the promoterregion polymorphisms up to intron 2 of APOA1 genes in 75 CAD cases and 75 controls. The method used to determine these polymorphisms was PCR sequencing. This case-control study was performed by odds ratio (OR, with a confidence interval of 0.95) to reveal the association of these polymorphisms with hypertension, diabetes and smoking in CAD patients. Results: Four polymorphisms were identified in this area. The genotypes of AA in 12718466, GA in rs 670, TC in rs5070 and CC in rs 5069 had the highest frequency in all patient groups and controls. There was a significant association in Rs12718466 between control group with diabetic group (p=0.033). Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that diabetes, hypertension and cigarette smoking had no effects in initiation and aggravation of CAD

Allelic and Genotypic Analysis of LncRNA ANRIL rs4977574 A/G Mutations in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients: Insights into Tumor Characteristics and Genotypic Correlations

Aim. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) ANRIL and its genetic polymorphisms are shown to be associated with the risk of several cancers. However, the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of lncRNA ANRIL are not thoroughly assessed in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) which is the most prevalent cancer in the head and neck area. Thus, this study aimed to assess the association of SNP of lncRNA ANRIL rs4977574 in patients with OSCC. Methods and Materials. 106 blood samples from the patients with OSCC were obtained with a gender- and age-matched control group to evaluate the SNP of rs4977574 of lncRNA ANRIL. The DNA was extracted using the salt-out technique and DNA genotyping was undertaken using specific primer pairs in the tetra-primer ARMS-PCR technique. Eventually, the frequency of wild-type (A) and the mutated allele (G), as well as the genotypes were estimated between the groups of patients with OSCC and healthy individuals. Results. The results of our study indicated no statistically significant difference in the frequency of rs4977574 A/G of lncRNA ANRIL among the patients with OSCC and healthy individuals (p>0.05). Likewise, no significant difference was found in the genotypes’ frequencies (p>0.05). Nevertheless, the marked association of GG with smaller tumor size and the high level of differentiation of OSCC cells in the presence of AA or AG genotypes were interesting outcomes of this study (p0.05). Conclusions. The results of our study indicate that rs4977574 A/G and its genotypes do not have any direct correlation with the presence of OSCC; however, its association with the smaller tumor size and the level of the cancer cells differentiation could imply its possible indirect role