Silica Nanoparticles, Synthesis, Modification And Their Applications In The Fabrication Of Polypyrrolebased Silica Nanocomposites

A modified preparation of silica nanoparticles via sol-gel process is described. The ability to control the particle size and distribution is found to be highly dependent on mixing modes of the reactants and drying techniques. The mixture of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and ethanol followed by addition of water (Mode-A) produce monodispersed powder with an average particle size of 10.6 ± 1.40 nm and a narrow size distribution. The freeze drying technique (FD) further improves the quality of the powder compared to heat drying (HD)

An Application of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) for ERP System Selection: Case of a Petrochemical Company

As a comprehensive software solution, ERP seeks to integrate all departments and functions of a company into a single computer system that can satisfy all departments’ information needs. Nowadays, many companies have invested in the implementation of enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems. But, a large number of them have wasted millions of dollars as a consequence of failed ERP implementation and adoption. Some of the failures come back to the selection of inappropriate ERP systems. This paper seeks to propose a method for selecting appropriate ERP systems, to enable firms’ decision-makers to achieve an overall consensus by using a multicriteria decision making model

The effects of silver nanoparticles on Creatinine, BUN and blood electrolytes in laboratory male mice (Mus musculus)

زمینه و هدف: نانو ذرات نقره (SNPS) اخیراً توجه قابل‌ملاحظه‌ای را به خود جلب کرده است؛ اما بررسی سمیت این نانوذرات کمتر مورد توجه واقع شده است. این مطالعه با هدف بررسی تأثیر خوراکی نانو ذرات نقره بر پارامترهای بیوشیمیایی کلیه (کراتینین وBUN) و الکترولیت‌های خون در جنس نر موش سفید آزمایشگاهی طراحی و اجرا شد. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه تجربی، 45 سر موش بالب سی (Balb/c) نر در حدود 4 هفته (با وزن 3±2/24 گرم) به‌طور تصادفی در 3 گروه 15 سری (تیمار1، تیمار2، کنترل) مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. درمان خوراکی و روزانه و به مدت 14 روز در گروه تیمار1 با محلول ppm 2 نانوذرات نقره و برای گروه تیمار2 با ppm 50 نانوذرات نقره و گروه کنترل با همان حجم آب مقطر شروع شد. سپس در روزهای 2،7 و 14 خون‌گیری مستقیم از قلب صورت گرفت و میانگین غلظت سرمی کراتینین، (نیتروژن اوره خون)BUN ، سدیم، پتاسیم، در گروه کنترل و تیمار با ppm 20 نانو ذرات و تیمارppm 50 مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. نتایج با استفاده از نرم‌افزار ppm 17 و به روش آنالیز واریانس دوطرفه در سطح معنی‌داری (05/0

Mulla Sadra and evolution theory

In their observations, contemporary scientists have believed in transformism which claims whole natural world is always in evolvement. This paper investigates whether Mulla Sadra’s philosophical opinions are consistent with this theory or not. The method of this research is analytical-descriptive. The conclusion is that four fundamentals: the principality of existence, the analogical unity of existence, the substantial movement and gradual increase in intensity of existence, are the main foundations of Mulla Sadra’s philosophy. The first three principles justify the forth one which is ‘the evolutional movement of the natural creatures’. According to Mulla Sadra, nature is in-itself a movement and movement is not limited to accident, but he believes that movement is the mood of the nature. He believes that nature is, therefore, a continuous whole that moves from its inferiority to its superiority, in the same way as a child grows. In this paper it is also proved that the evolution of the creatures does not contradict the existence of God and religious texts

Gamification elements in tracking applications

Mobile phones are highly effective to develop mHealth applications. The mHealth is the use of mobile communication for health services. There are various types of mHealth applications, one of which is the tracking application. The main feature of tracking applications is the process of tracking data. Users of tracking applications need to track data on a mobile phone repeatedly which can be monotonous. To solve such issue, gamification, the use of game elements in non-game context, can be included in tracking applications to convert a repetitive task into a more engaging one. A prototype of gamified tracking application has been developed to examine the effectiveness of gamification in mHealth tracking applications. The prototype includes three gamification elements, which are avatar, story and feedback. Two usability systems have been adapted to support the analysis of the usability of the prototype which are Mobile Application Rating Scale (MARS) and Jakob Nielsen's heuristics. The MARS system contains twenty-three items and four of the items have been adapted to analyze and Jakob Nielsen's heuristics contains ten heuristics and three of which have been adapted. Three interviews were conducted to validate the usability of the prototype. The result of the research shows that the MARS total score for the prototype was three and they have little impact on the application’s usability

A survey ofacute histopathological effects of silver nanoparticles on liver, kidney with blood cells during oral administration in male mice (Mus musculus

زمینه و هدف : امروزه با افزایش استفاده از نانوذرات نقره در محصولات مختلف از جمله محصولات مصرفی و پزشکی، بررسی سمیت نانوذرات نقره، برای امنیت استفاده کنندگان از این محصولات، لازم و ضروری می باشد. بعضی از مطالعات نشان می دهد که کبد و کلیه اندام اصلی برای تجمع و ذخیره این مواد می باشند. این مطالعه با هدف بررسی اثر خوراکی نانوذرات نقره بر بافت کبد ، کلیه و بررسی تغییرات در سلول های خونی در موش سفید آزمایشگاهی طراحی و اجرا شد. روش بررسی : در این مطالعه تجربی، 45 سر موش نر Balb/c) با وزن 3±2/24 گرم) به طور تصادفی در 3 گروه 15 تایی (تیمار1وتیمار2 و کنترل) مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. درمان خوراکی با نانونقره روزانه در گروه تیمار1 با محلول ppm 20 و برای گروه تیمار2 با ppm 50 وگروه کنترل با همان مقدار آب مقطر تیمار شد. در روز های 2و7و14 نمونه گیری بافت از کبد و کلیه انجام شد. جهت بررسی های بافت شناسی از روش رنگ آمیزی هماتوکسیلین و ائوزین استفاده شد. یافته ها : آسیب های وارد شده به کبد ، منجر به واکوئله شدن سیتوپلاسم سلول های کبدی همراه با دژنراسیون و نکروز برخی سلول ها و تجمع کانونی سلول های آماسی در کبد همراه با پرخونی می شود. آسیب های وارد شده به کلیه در موش های دریافت کننده ی نانوذرات نقره شامل پرخونی ، حضور سلولهای آماسی، نکروز سلولهای توبولی وگلومرونفریت کلیه می باشد. این یافته هانشان می دهد که استفاده از نانوذرات نقره در دوز بالاتر( ppm 50) باعث افزایش شدت ضایعات در بافت کبد وکلیه می شود. در بررسی شمارش گلبول های قرمز و اندازه گیری هموگلوبین و هماتوکریت تفاوت معنی داری میان گروه تیمار و کنترل مشاهده نشد اما تعداد گلبول های سفید در گروه تیمار (غلظت ppm50 ) نسبت به گروه کنترل افزایش معنی داری نشان داد(p<0.05). نتیجه گیری: این آزمایشات نشان داد که کبد و کلیه بافت هدف برای نانوذرات نقره می باشند و استفاده از نانوذرات نقره به صورت خوراکی باعث آسیب بافت کبد و کلیه موش ها می شود. این مطالعه نشان ‌داد که درمان خوراکی نانوذرات نقره باعث تغییرات قابل توجهی بر تعداد گلبول های سفید خون می شوند

Polypyrrole- and polyaniline-surface modified nanosilica as quasi-solid state electrolyte ingredients for dye-sensitized solar cells

Polyurethane nanocomposites were formulated to entrap liquid electrolyte for quasi-solid-state electrolytes (QSEs) in dyesensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Polypyrrole- and polyaniline-surface engineered silica nanoparticles (NPs) were each incorporated to form polyurethane nanocomposites. The formation of nanosilica and its surface modification, as well as the size, aggregation, and isoelectric point of the synthesized NPs were analyzed using ATR-FTIR, TEM, and DLS. In addition, the filler (silica)–matrix (polyurethane) interaction, NP distribution, surface morphology, surface porosity, and the thermal stability of the polyurethane nanocomposite were analyzed by ATR-FTIR, transmitted and reflected light microscopes, ImageJ, and TGA. The polymer matrix absorptivity, conductivity, and ion diffusion of the polyurethane nanocomposite-based QSE was investigated by using a digital analytical balance, the AC impedance method, and the cyclic voltammetry. Lastly, all of the formulated QSEs were applied in DSSCs and their photovoltaic performance was measured. The QSE based on polyaniline surface engineered nanosilica demonstrated the highest light-to-energy conversion efficiency, namely 3.10%, with an open circuit voltage of 715 mV, a short circuit current of 3.88 mA cm−2, and a fill factor of 0.67. A reasonable lifespan stability was also found for 100 min illumination and a corresponding efficiency of 2.47% obtained

Studying the Types, Bases and Features of Sale from the Perspective of Islamic Jurists

Sale is known as one of the most widely used words in Islamic jurisprudence. Islamic jurists have each defined the nature, bases and types of sale as one of the specific and important Islamic contracts. Regarding sale, it should be mentioned that in some definitions, the early Imami jurists considered its nature as the exchange of two properties, while the famous Islamic jurists consider its nature as the demand and acceptance, which makes the object of sale the property of the customer and regards the price as the property of the seller. Another point is that, in the definitions of late and contemporary Imami jurists, there is a kind of semantic alteration in the interpretation of sale. From the view point of Islamic jurists, it seems that the elements of possession and ownership in the sale are concepts with wide conceptual scopes, and this is the superiority and distinction of Imami jurists over other jurists regarding the truth of sale. On the other hand, from the point of view of Islamic jurists, there are different types of sale, the most important of which are strict sale, contractual sale, absent sale, harmful sale, credit sale, general sale, deferred sale, gifted (mohabati) sale, debt sale, Morabahe (a sale based on a fixed price), etc. On the other hand, the bases of sale from the perspective of Islamic jurists are: demand and acceptance, buyer and seller, property sold, and price in the sale contract. Also, the features of sale from the point of view of jurists are: the ownership of the sale, the exchange of the sale, the objectivity of the property, the necessity of the sale contract. The research methodology in this paper is descriptive-analytical using the library method