Investigation of energy usage and emissions on plug-in and hybrid electric vehicle

Jedan od osnovnih zadataka u automobilskoj industriji je razvoj hibridnih električnih vozila (HEVs) kao primarnog kandidata za poboljšanje učinkovitosti goriva i smanjenje ispušnih plinova. Ovo se istraživanje bavi učinkom aktualnog modela pogona i upravljanja na konvencionalna i plug-in hibridna električna vozila (PHEV). Najprije se predlaže postupak razvoja pogonskog ciklusa za stvarne uvjete. Tada se za HEVs i PHEVs istražuju učinci pogonskog modela i načina upravljanja potrošnjom energije kao glavnih čimbenika koji bitno djeluju na potrošnju goriva i ispuštanje plinova koji zagađuju okolinu. U tu je svrhu za sustav upravljanja energijom razvijen upravljač neizrazite logike optimiziran genetskim algoritmom. Tada je rad vozila simuliran u ADVISOR-u. Rezultati simulacije pokazuju učinkovitost pristupa kojim se smanjuje potrošnja goriva i količina ispušnih plinova. Nadalje, ti rezultati pokazuju da PHEVs u usporedbi s HEVs poboljšavaju učinkovitost goriva i smanjuju količinu ispušnih plinova u stvarnom pogonu.One of the major issues in automotive industry is to develop hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) as the prime candidate for improving fuel efficiency and emissions reduction. This study addresses the impact of an actual drive pattern and control strategy on the conventional and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV). In the first step the development procedure of driving cycle for real condition is proposed. Then effects of driving pattern and energy management strategy as the main factors, which strongly affect the fuel consumption and emission of pollutants, are investigated for HEVs and PHEVs. For this purpose fuzzy logic controller which is optimized with genetic algorithm is developed for energy management system. Then vehicle performance is simulated in ADVISOR. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach for reducing the fuel consumption and emissions. Furthermore, simulation results indicate that PHEVs in comparison to HEVs improve fuel efficiency and reduce emissions in real world driving cycle

Non- Pharmacological Approaches on the Improvement of Sleep Disturbances in Patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Objective Autism is a type of neurodegenerative disorder, affected by genetic and environmental factors. Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have symptoms of attention deficit and behavioral problems. The amount of sleep has a significant effect on a child's mood. Sleep problems in a child with autism are more common than a normal child. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of non- pharmacological approaches on the improvement of sleep disturbances in patients with ASD. Materials & Methods PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, and Science Direct databases were systematically searched for articles published between January 2009 and May 2019. All original articles from observational and interventional studies were reviewed. The CONSORT Statement and Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklist were used to assess the quality of the selected papers. Results  A review of 18 eligible articles according to the CONSORT checklist (for interventional studies) and STROBE (for descriptive studies) demonstrated that behavioral interventions, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, bedtime fading with response cost, and functional behavioral assessment, physical activity such as aerobic exercise, swimming, and aquatic exercise and weighted blankets could be effective in the improvement of sleep disturbances. Conclusion Restlessness, tantrum, increased stereotypic activities, reduced learning level and speaking power in children with autism was due to poor sleep quality and sleep deficiency, which could affect their life dimensions. Non- pharmacological approaches to the treatment of sleep disturbances could improve both the sleep quality of these individuals and the quality of their lives in addition to having no adverse effect.     &nbsp

An efficient multiscale surrogate modelling framework for composite materials considering progressive damage based on artificial neural networks

© 2020 Elsevier Ltd Modelling of the progressive damage behaviour of large-scale composite structures presents a significant challenge in terms of computational cost. This is due to the detailed description in finite element (FE) models for the materials, i.e., with each unidirectional layer defined as required by the applicability of laminate failure criteria, and numerous iterations required to capture the highly nonlinear behaviour after damage initiation. In this work, we propose a method to accelerate the nonlinear FE analysis by using a pre-computed surrogate model which acts as a general material database representing the nonlinear effective stress-strain relationship and the possible failure information. Developed using artificial neural network algorithms, the framework is separated into an offline training phase and an online application phase. The surrogate model is first trained with a vast number of sampling data obtained from mesoscale unit cell models offline, and then used for online predictions on a macroscale FE model. The prediction accuracy of the surrogate model was examined by comparing the results with conventional FE modelling and good agreement was observed. The presented method enables progressive damage analysis of composite structures with significant savings of the online computational cost. Lastly, the surrogate model is only based on material designs and is reusable for other structures with the same material

An Abaqus plugin for efficient damage initiation hotspot identification in large-scale composite structures with repeated features

© 2021 Elsevier Ltd Identifying the hotspots for damage initiation in large-scale composite structure designs presents a significant challenge due to the high modelling cost. For most industrial applications, the finite element (FE) models are often coarsely meshed with shell elements and used to predict the global stiffness and internal loads. Because of the lack of detailed descriptions for the composite materials and 3D stress states, most of the established failure criteria are not applicable. In this work we present an Abaqus plugin tool which implements a framework to identify the hotspots by using a pre-computed database generated for specific, heavily-repeated feature types based on a given structural model. Developed with an object-oriented implementation in Python, this software is split into two main parts, specifically for feature generation and structural analysis. The pre-computed model presents a full 3D description for the considered feature and works as a submodel to the coarse structure model driven by a one-way transfer of the boundary conditions. The presented framework is an analysis tool for efficient sizing of large-scale composite structures, as it enables 3D damage analysis of the structures in critical zones with significant savings of the modelling and computational cost. The results are compared with conventional FE modelling and satisfactory agreement is observed. In addition, the software also enables the pre-computed database to be stored in an HDF5 data file for further reuse on new structures with the same feature

Metallic Nanoparticles for the Modulation of Tumor Microenvironment; A New Horizon

Cancer is one of the most critical human challenges which endangers many people’s lives every year with enormous direct and indirect costs worldwide. Unfortunately, despite many advanced treatments used in cancer clinics today, the treatments are deficiently encumbered with many side effects often encountered by clinicians while deploying general methods such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery, or a combination thereof. Due to their low clinical efficacy, numerous side effects, higher economic costs, and relatively poor acceptance by patients, researchers are striving to find better alternatives for treating this life-threatening complication. As a result, Metal nanoparticles (Metal NPs) have been developed for nearly 2 decades due to their important therapeutic properties. Nanoparticles are quite close in size to biological molecules and can easily penetrate into the cell, so one of the goals of nanotechnology is to mount molecules and drugs on nanoparticles and transfer them to the cell. These NPs are effective as multifunctional nanoplatforms for cancer treatment. They have an advantage over routine drugs in delivering anticancer drugs to a specific location. However, targeting cancer sites while performing anti-cancer treatment can be effective in improving the disease and reducing its complications. Among these, the usage of these nanoparticles (NPs) in photodynamic therapy and sonodynamic therapy are notable. Herein, this review is aimed at investigating the effect and appliances of Metal NPs in the modulation tumor microenvironment which bodes well for the utilization of vast and emerging nanomaterial resources

Design of an aircraft generator with radial force control.

With the increasing electrical energy demands in aviation propulsion systems, the increase in the onboard generators’ power density is inevitable. During the flight, forces coming from the gearbox or gyroscopic forces generated by flight manoeuvres like take-off and landing can act on the generators’ bearings, which can lead to wear and fatigue in the bearings. Utilizing the radial force control concept in the electrical machine can relieve loads from the bearings that not only minimize the bearing losses but also increase bearing life. The objective of the MAGLEV project (Measurement and Analysis of Generator bearing Loads and Efficiency with Validation) is to study, demonstrate, and test a new class of high-speed generators with radial force control. In this paper, design steps of this type of generator and its test rig are presented and the measurement methodology used for radial force control is explained. The concept is developed in an electrical machine and is validated on a test rig by measuring required parameters like shaft displacement, vibrations and bearing temperature. Additionally, the friction moment of each generator’s bearings is measured and validated in a separate test rig under comparable conditions to the bearing loads in the generator. Therefore, a novel approach to determine precisely the bearing friction in a radial load unit, rotatably supported by an additional needle bearing is used, which shows a good agreement with the calculated friction. Furthermore, new calculation methods for the operating behavior of cylindrical roller bearings with clearance are presented, which are utilized in the generator test rig

La théologie de la création dans le De unitate <Dei> et pluralitate creaturarum de Achard de Saint-Victor

Doctorat en philosophie et lettresTHPHILOinfo:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublishe

La théologie de la création dans le De unitate <Dei> et pluralitate creaturarum de Achard de Saint-Victor

Doctorat en philosophie et lettresTHPHILOinfo:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublishe

Online) An Open Access

ABSTRACT The Aim of This Study Was to Investigate the Effects of Plyometric Exercises on Physical Fitness and Motor Skills Indicators in FiroozAbad City. Subjects were a group of 20 people of handball players city of FiroozAbad formed. The plyometric exercises to train three days per week for eight weeks, and they did. Participants were pre-and post-tests. Plyometric exercises independent variables and change some parameters of physical fitness and fitness-related variables were investigated. The two methods for analyzing data and descriptive statistics, inferential statistics, paired T alpha level was α= 5% .The results showed that plyometric exercises on, muscular strength and, agility and power and has a positive effect. Also plyometric exercise on triple shooting and 3 steps shooting have a positive effect, and shooting on the move with negative effect. As regards to this matter that most of the handball techniques need to jump, sudden shifts explosive movements in hands and legs implementation of plyometric exercises on handball athletes can effects on some fitness factors like power agility and muscle power on the other hand because implementation most sport technique need fitness factors so we can conclude that plyometric exercise can effect on some motion skills of handball. Keywords: Plyometric Exercise, Fitness, Physical Fitness, Motor Skills, Handball INTRODUCTION Physical Education and Sports Science is one of the spheres of human sciences, which is of utmost value in the current era. One of the most important goals of physical education and sport sciences is physical health and nurturing, and the appropriate physical health itself includes vast domains and dimensions. Marinating an appropriate body health is one of these domains, which has an important and determinant role in our daily actions, activities, and sport skills. In sports, athletes usually break their preceding records and achieve new ones. Male and female athletes, around the globe and in all sports, try to achieve better results than before, which these improvements are usually due to the athlete&apos;s increased physical, mental, and technical fitness. This increased fitness in its own turn is due to the coaches and athletes&apos; heightened understanding from their exercises and results. Theoretical exercise is the collectio n of all sport related material from scientific or social sources. These data, alongside the experience and knowledge the trainer has from the athlete, is used to present an effective exercise program. Discovering appropriate methods in order to improve the motor and physical factors has been one of the most important goals pursued by sports scientists, and among them, analyzing exercise methods and their effects has been of utmost importance. Amongst these factors affecting the physical fitness, we could point out the explosive power and potency. Over the past few years, various methods have been used by different researchers and trainers in order to improve this power and potency (Alijani, 2005). One of the effective exercise methods in order to improve the physical fitness is plyometric exercises. These exercises are used in order to improve the athletes&apos; speed and explosive power. Plyometric exercises include some of the prevalent sport moves such as jumping, skipping, and throwing. Plyometric exercises are a series of eccentric contractions which are promptly followed by introvert contractions, which are also known as the stretch-shortening cycle. These types of contractions have a significant effect over the muscular attitude, including the lower limb muscles. These exercises could be performed with the least amount of equipment or even none at all. The most important feature of said exercises, are the improvement of the athlete&apos;s skill pattern (Alijani, 2005)