Approche réactive pour la conduite en convoi des véhicules autonomes (Modélisation et vérification)

Cette thèse se situe dans la problématique de la conduite en convoi de véhicules autonomes : des ensembles de véhicules qui se déplacent en conservant une configuration spatiale, sans aucune accroche matérielle. Ses objectifs sont d'abord, la définition d'une approche de prise de décision pour les systèmes de convois de véhicules, puis, la définition d'une approche de vérification, adaptée à la preuve de propriétés relatives aux convois de véhicules, avec une attention particulière envers les propriétés de sûreté.L'approche pour la prise de décision est décentralisée et auto organisée : chaque véhicule détermine son comportement de façon locale, à partir de ses propres capacités de perception, sans avoir recours à une communication explicite, de telle sorte que l'organisation du convoi, son maintien et son évolution soient le résultat émergeant du comportement de chaque véhicule. L'approche proposée s'applique a des convois suivant plusieurs types de configuration, et permet des changements dynamiques de configuration.L'approche proposée pour la vérification de propriétés de sûreté des convois de véhicules, adopte le model-checking comme technique de preuve. Pour contourner le problème de l'explosion combinatoire, rencontré dans la vérification des systèmes complexes, nous avons proposé une méthode compositionnelle de vérification, qui consiste a décomposer le système en sous systèmes et à associer une propriété auxiliaire à chacun des sous systèmes. La propriété globale sera ensuite déduite de l'ensemble des propriétés auxiliaires, par l'application d'une règle de déduction compositionnelle. La complexité calculatoire est mieux maîtrisée car le model-checking s'applique aux sous-systèmes. Nous proposons une règle de déduction adaptée aux systèmes de conduite en convoi, en particulier ceux qui sont basés sur des approches décentralisées. La règle considère chaque véhicule comme un composant. Elle est consistante sous la condition que l'ajout d'un nouveau composant au système n'a pas d'influence sur le comportement du reste du système. L'approche décentralisée proposée pour la conduite en convoi satisfait cette condition. Deux propriétés de sûreté ont été vérifiées : absence de collision et évolution confortable pour les passagersThis thesis places in the framework of Platoons, sets of autonomous vehicles that move together while keeping a spatial configuration, without any material coupling. Goals of the thesis are: first, the definition of a decision making approach for platoon systems. Second, the definition of a method for the verification of safety properties associated to the platoon system.The proposed decision making approach is decentralized and self-organized. Platoon vehicles are autonomous, they act based only on their perception capabilities. The configuration emerges as a result of the individual behavior of each of the platoon vehicle. The proposed approach can be applied to platoon with different configurations, and allows for dynamic change of configuration.The proposed verification method uses the model-checking technique. Model checking of complex system can lead to the combinatory explosion problem. To deal with this problem, we choose to use a compositional verification method. Compositional methods decompose system models into different components and associate to each component an auxiliary property. The global property can then be deduced from the set of all the auxiliary properties, by applying a compositional deduction rule. We define a deduction rule suitable for decentralised platoon systems. The deduction rule considers each vehicle as a component. It is applicable under the assumption that adding a new component to an instance of the system does not modify behavior of the instance. Two safety properties have been verified : collision avoidance.BELFORT-UTBM-SEVENANS (900942101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Natural History of Patients with Ischemia and No Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease: The CIAO-ISCHEMIA Study

Background: Ischemia with no obstructive coronary artery disease (INOCA) is common and has an adverse prognosis. We set out to describe the natural history of symptoms and ischemia in INOCA. Methods: CIAO-ISCHEMIA (Changes in Ischemia and Angina over One year in ISCHEMIA trial screen failures with INOCA) was an international cohort study conducted from 2014-2019 involving angina assessments (Seattle Angina Questionnaire [SAQ]) and stress echocardiograms 1-year apart. This was an ancillary study that included patients with history of angina who were not randomized in the ISCHEMIA trial. Stress-induced wall motion abnormalities were determined by an echocardiographic core laboratory blinded to symptoms, coronary artery disease (CAD) status and test timing. Medical therapy was at the discretion of treating physicians. The primary outcome was the correlation between changes in SAQ Angina Frequency score and change in echocardiographic ischemia. We also analyzed predictors of 1-year changes in both angina and ischemia, and compared CIAO participants with ISCHEMIA participants with obstructive CAD who had stress echocardiography before enrollment, as CIAO participants did. Results: INOCA participants in CIAO were more often female (66% of 208 vs. 26% of 865 ISCHEMIA participants with obstructive CAD, p\u3c0.001), but the magnitude of ischemia was similar (median 4 ischemic segments [IQR 3-5] both groups). Ischemia and angina were not significantly correlated at enrollment in CIAO (p=0.46) or ISCHEMIA stress echocardiography participants (p=0.35). At 1 year, the stress echocardiogram was normal in half of CIAO participants and 23% had moderate or severe ischemia (≥3 ischemic segments). Angina improved in 43% and worsened in 14%. Change in ischemia over one year was not significantly correlated with change in angina (rho=0.029). Conclusions: Improvement in ischemia and improvement in angina were common in INOCA, but not correlated. Our INOCA cohort had a similar degree of inducible wall motion abnormalities to concurrently enrolled ISCHEMIA participants with obstructive CAD. Our results highlight the complex nature of INOCA pathophysiology and the multifactorial nature of angina

New Pim-1 Kinase Inhibitor From the Co-culture of Two Sponge-Associated Actinomycetes

Saccharomonospora sp. UR22 and Dietzia sp. UR66, two actinomycetes derived from the Red Sea sponge Callyspongia siphonella, were co-cultured and the induced metabolites were monitored by HPLC-DAD and TLC. Saccharomonosporine A (1), a novel brominated oxo-indole alkaloid, convolutamydine F (2) along with other three known induced metabolites (3-5) were isolated from the EtOAc extract of Saccharomonospora sp. UR22 and Dietzia sp. UR66 co-culture. Additionally, axenic culture of Saccharomonospora sp. UR22 led to isolation of six known microbial metabolites (6-11). A kinase inhibition assay results showed that compounds 1 and 3 were potent Pim-1 kinase inhibitors with an IC50 value of 0.3 ± 0.02 and 0.95 ± 0.01 μM, respectively. Docking studies revealed the binding mode of compounds 1 and 3 in the ATP pocket of Pim-1 kinase. Testing of compounds 1 and 3 displayed significant antiproliferative activity against the human colon adenocarcinoma HT-29, (IC50 3.6 and 3.7 μM, respectively) and the human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60, (IC50 2.8 and 4.2 μM, respectively). These results suggested that compounds 1 and 3 act as potential Pim-1 kinase inhibitors that mediate the tumor cell growth inhibitory effect. This study highlighted the co-cultivation approach as an effective strategy to increase the chemical diversity of the secondary metabolites hidden in the genomes of the marine actinomycetes

Erratum to: 36th International Symposium on Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1186/s13054-016-1208-6.]

Extraction et gestion de l'information à partir des documents arabes

Cette thèse porte sur l extraction et la gestion de l information dans le cas de la langue arabe qui est une langue orientale et sémitique. Cette langue est différente des langues occidentales surtout aux niveaux de la morphologie et des variations orthographiques. En effet, les performances des systèmes d extraction d information en langue arabe restent encore problématiques. Alors, nous nous sommes intéressés à étudier les performances des moteurs de recherche, les plus célèbres entre 2006 et 2010, sur un corpus constitué de mille documents arabes. Nous avons constaté que l analyse morphologique n est pas prise en compte dans ces moteurs. L analyse morphologique d un mot arabe consiste à identifier ses morphèmes, ses affixes, son modèle et sa racine. Nous avons proposé une étude comparative des méthodes d'extraction des caractéristiques morphologiques à partir d un mot arabe. Cette étude est réalisée sur corpus iSPEDAL en utilisant le système Eval que nous avons également proposés dans le cadre cette thèse. iSPEDAL est un dictionnaire structuré et évolutif de la langue arabe qui est facilement exploitable en utilisant un langage de requête approprié. Il est automatiquement enrichi à partir des dictionnaires classiques ou des corpus quelconques. Le système Eval permet d'implémenter les méthodes d'extraction des caractéristiques morphologiques d un mot arabe dans un environnement unique tout en respectant la spécificité de chacune d elles. Cette étude a permit de dégager un groupe de méthodes qui ont des bonnes performances dans ce domaine. L intégration de ce groupe dans les divers moteurs de recherche permet d améliorer la performance d extraction de l information en langue arabe. Cette thèse a été réalisée dans le cadre d une coopération scientifique de recherche franco-libanaise CEDRE sous le projet RIMA : Recherche intelligente d information multimédia multilingue arabe.This thesis focuses on extracting and managing information in the case of Arabic that is an oriental and Semitic language. This language is different from Western languages especially at the morphology and spelling variations. Indeed, the performance of information retrieval systems in the arabic language is still problematic. For this reason, we are interested in studying the performance of search engines which is the most famous between 2006 and 2010, on a corpus of a thousand arabic documents. We found that morphological analysis is not taken in consideration in these engines. Morphological analysis of an arabic word is to identify its morphemes, its affixes, its model and its root. We proposed a comparative study of features of extracting morphological methods from an Arabic word. This study was performed on corpus iSPEDAL using the Eval system that we have also proposed in this thesis. iSPEDAL is a structured and progressive dictionary of Arabic language that is easily exploitable by using an appropriate query language. It is supplied automatically from traditional dictionaries or any other corpus. Eval system can implement the features of extracting morphological methods from an arabic word in a unique environment while respecting the specificity of each one. This study has identified a group of methods that have good performance in this domain. The integration of this group in the various search engines can improve the performance of information retrieval in Arabic language. This thesis was realized under scientific research cooperation between France and Lebanon CEDAR in the project RIMA (Recherche intelligente d information multimédia multilingue arabe).ST DENIS-BU PARIS8 (930662101) / SudocSudocFranceF

A New Management Tools for Remote-Access Through Lan (P2P) Using WMI Technology

AbstractIn this paper, we present a new management system permitting to explore remotely, in real time, a computer connected to a local network or Peer to Peer (P2P) Network, from a remote station, without that the user of this computer realizes this exploration. The strength of this system, it requires no previous installation on stations to explore. The requirement is only to have an account for these stations. The exploration happens in a different session, even though the same account is opened on this station. We will show how to have access operating system information, services, and processes running on local remote machine as well as on a remote machine on the network, provided administration rights to them. Also we will show how to start and stop services, terminate processes, and create new processes from WMI. The strength of this system is to permit the possible utilization remotely, through a local network or P2P Network, of a remote computer as if one was there. WMI (Windows Management Instrumentation) is a tool respecting the standard of the administration's domain, a system that permits to get information systems of the following machine. It can also allow managing a machine while modifying directly the well stocked parameters

Clustering using Hypergraph for P2P Query Routing - Simulation and Evaluation

International audiencePeer-to-peer overlay networks offer a flexible architecture for decentralized data sharing. In P2P schema-based systems, each peer is a database management system in itself, ex-posing its own schema. In such a case, the main objective is the efficient search across peer databases by processing each incoming query without overly consuming bandwidth. The usability of these systems depends on efficient and effective routing of content-based queries is an emerging problem in P2P networks. This work was attended to motivate the use of mining algorithms in the P2P context to improve the efficiency of such methods. Our proposed method combines clustering and hypergraphs. We use ECCLAT to build approximate clustering and discovering meaningful clusters with slight overlapping. We use the algorithm MTMINER to extract all minimal transversals of a hypergraph (clusters) for query routing. The set of clusters improves the robustness in queries routing mechanism and scalability in P2P Network. Our experimental results prove that our method generates impressive levels of performance and scalability with respect to important criteria such as response time, precision and recall