Cross cultural perspectives of decision-making and control in multinational corporations operating in ASEAN

Kajian ini membincangkan isu-isu persekitaran budaya negara ASEAN dan cabaran-cabarannya terhadap pengurus-pengurus korporat multi-nasional. Kajian ini melaporkan penemuan terhadap corak membuat keputusan, kawalan dan pengurusan budaya serta aspek gelagat. Walaupun penemuan ini mempunyai persamaan dengan kajian lain, namun terdapat perbezaan dalam corak membuat keputusan, kawalan dan pengurusan budaya serta aspek gelagat

CASE STUDY OF TITANIUM ELASTIC NAIL FOR FRACTURES

Mostly, clavicle fracture is treated conservatively but because of higher rates of delayed union, non-union, symptomatic, malunion cosmetic deformity and other complications, there is increased used of operative management for clavicle fracture. In this regard, plating and intramedullary nailing are common surgical options. The operative technique is also found to be producing favorable results compare to the traditional method based on recent prospective randomized studies. In this study, the objective is to make a comparison between clinical results, operative method, and resulting complications proportion. The study was conducted on 66 patients who had OTA type B DMCFs and underwent surgical fixation with antegrade TENs and 1/3rd tubular plate. The study participants were divided in to two groups based on TENS and other with plate fixation with 1/3rd tubular plate. We conducted evaluation using constant-murley shoulder outcome and dash scores at 6, 12, weeks, 3, 6, and 12 months for determining outcomes. It was observed that among TENS group, there was easier implant removal and minimal complications, less blood loss, lesser operating time, with only complication of shortening of about 0.5 cm in fewer cases. In the other group which is plate group, no major complications were observed except minor one such as deep infection, superficial infection, hypertrophied scarring without pain, and decreased shoulder motion with no case of shortening. In terms of union and stability, no significant differences were found in both groups. Based on the result, it is suggested that TENS is more preferable since it involves fewer morbidity, better cosmetic results, and easier implant removal. Fixation with plate seems to be little more stable and its implant of choice is comminuted fracture

UML-based DEMO Profiles as Metaconcepts for Interlocking Institutional Worlds

An information system supporting an organisation is based on concepts from the organisation\u27s institutional world. An institutional world consists of a collection of speech acts and institutional facts . For a group of information systems to interoperate, the organizations responsible for these systems must first agree on what the words mean in the interoperation. This agreement is called an ontology. The ontology is generally defined as an explicit specification of a conceptualization . One of the major uses of ontology is to support interoperation of information systems. Many institutions whose systems are to interoperate are not fully autonomous; they do sometimes cooperate with each other, so that their institutional worlds will interlock therefore interlocking ontologies . Modeling interlocking institutional worlds (IWs) requires a dedicated representation system that gives a formal model which is the specification of institutional facts as well as the specification of speech acts . The ontology is the specification of institutional facts. However, we do not have a system that can give a formal model for the speech acts. Therefore, this paper adopts a synthesis approach to propose the UML extension for modeling speech acts in the context of interlocking institutional worlds. DEMO is one of the most popular Language Action Paradigms (LAP)-based methodologies based on speech act theory so is close to the concept of IWs. The UML is a standard modelling language in the world of information system development and currently there is a growing interest in its adoption as a language for conceptual modeling and business process representation. Taking advantage of the fact that UML is an OMG standard and its use is growing quickly, this paper proposes UML-based DEMO profiles purposely for modelling IWs

Analytical note

In this research project proposed solution are written according to the Afghan peace process, regional and international role in the Afghan peace process; especially Iran, documents of related to the Afghan peace process challenges

‘Bone health in patients with Chronic Obstructive Airway Disease: An Indian Perspective: BOAD Study

OBJECTIVES: To study the burden of osteoporosis, osteopenia and metabolic abnormality related to bone health in male patients with chronic obstructive airway disease in the age group between 40 to 70 years who are being followed up in Christian Medical College, Vellore. METHODS: Clinical methods: This was a cross sectional study done over a period of two years at Christian Medical College, Vellore. A detailed history and physical examination was done for all male patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the age group between 40 to 70 years, who were not on bone medications. Blood samples were collected for calcium, phosphorous, albumin, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine, parathormone, 25-hydroxy vitamin D and testosterone. Lung functions test and six minute walk test were performed. Bone mineral density was assessed using DXA scan (dual energy x-ray absorptiometry). Statistical methods: Continuous variables were described using mean and standard deviation, if normally distributed. Interquartile range was used for skewed distribution. All categorical variables were summarized by using frequencies and percentages. Logistic regression model was constructed to assess the relationship between parameters showing positive correlation with osteoporosis in COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease). RESULTS: A total of 67 patients were enrolled. The prevalence of osteoporosis among the male COPD patients was 61% (41/67) and an additional 33% (22/67) had osteopenia. The prevalence of metabolic bone abnormalities in patients with COPD were: vitamin D deficiency in 69% (46/67), hypocalcaemia in 4%( 3/67), raised alkaline phosphatase in 8% (6/67) and elevated parathormone in 31% (21/67). The factors which showed a trend towards adverse bone health were: advanced age and low body mass index. Although these variables showed a positive trend towards osteoporosis in COPD patients, they did not achieve statistical significance. CONCLUSION: In this study the prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia among male COPD patients were 61% and 33% respectively, which is noted to be almost twice the prevalence as that of the general population

Design, Development and Study of Optimal Parameters of a Micro Wire Electrical Discharge Machining (WEDM) Device

Master'sMASTER OF ENGINEERIN

Konsep Kendiri dan Gaya Pembelajaran terhadap Motivasi Akademik dalam kalangan Mahasiswa

Kepercayaan terhadap diri sendiri adalah sangat penting untuk memastikan individu sentiasa berfikiran positif dan terus semangat dalam menjalani kehidupan seharian sebagai seorang pelajar. Gaya pembelajaran yang betul juga adalah penting untuk pastikan seseorang itu terus cemerlang dan yakin dalam urusan akademik. Statistik dunia menunjukkan bahawa seramai 11.5% pelajar Korea Selatan bunuh diri akibat tertekan dengan ujian sekolah. Terdapat kes di Malaysia di mana pelajar cemerlang SPM bunuh diri akibat tidak mempunyai keyakinan dalam pelajaran. Objektif kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji tahap, perhubungan dan perbezaan antara konsep kendiri, gaya pembelajaran dengan motivasi akademik. Kajian ini dilakukan di Universiti Putra Malaysia dalam kalangan mahasiswa tahun pertama sesi 2019/2020. Seramai 251 responden libatkan diri dalam kajian ini. Kajian ini adalah berbentuk kuantitatif dan responden dipilih melalui persampelan bertujuan mudah. Seterusnya, melalui persampelan rawak berstrata, 234 mahasiswa perempuan dan 117 mahasiswa lelaki telah dibahagikan. Instrumen kajian menggunakan borang soal selidik yang terdiri dari empat bahagian iaitu Bahagian A (latar belakang responden), Bahagian B (konsep kendiri), Bahagian C (gaya pembelajaran) dan Bahagian D (motivasi akademik). Hasil kajian dianalisis menggunakan analisis deskriptif, korelasi pearson dan ujian-T. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa mahasiswa tahun pertama di Universiti Putra Malaysia memiliki tahap konsep kendiri, motivasi akademik intrinsik dan motivasi akademik ekstrinsik yang tinggi. Responden juga didapati lebih cenderung dengan gaya pembelajaran visual dan kinestetik berbanding gaya pembelajaran auditori. Bagi perkaitan antara konsep kendiri dan motivasi akademik, didapati terdapat perhubungan yang positif di mana dilihat konsep kendiri mempengaruhi motivasi akademik. Dapatan kajian juga menunjukkan bahawa gaya pembelajaran visual dan kinestetik mempengaruhi motivasi akademik responden. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan antara konsep kendiri, gaya pembelajaran visual dan motivasi akademik dengan jantina. Berdasarkan skor min dapat dilihat perempuan mendapat skor min yang lebih tinggi berbanding lelaki. Secara keseluruhan, kajian ini telah berjaya mencapai objektif yang telah dinyatakan. Ibu bapa, guru dan pelajar itu sendiri haruslah memainkan peranan yang penting untuk memastikan motivasi akademik sentiasa berada di tahap yang tinggi

Smoking Behaviour Among Resident University Students In North India: Some Issues And Challenges

The use of tobacco as cigarettes has taken a form of epidemic. Unless it is not managed properly and in time it may become an uncontrollable behavior leading to long term health and social problem. This paper is based on a survey that was intended to explore the smoking habits of university students residing in hostels, their perception towards it, factors associated with it and their implications. The study was conducted using a questionnaire based survey among 200 students, who were in the habit of smoking, belonging to different classes and residing in the hostels of a residential central University of North India. It was found that smokers were mainly from urban background. More than a quarter of the smokers spent more than 600 rupees per month on smoking only. The most important reasons given by students for smoking behavior was peer pressure followed by tension. Most of them had started smoking between 14-17 years of age, followed by 17- 21 yrs. age group. The number of cigarettes used increased with seniority. Most of the surveyed students wanted to leave the habit but could not do so because of bad habit followed by tension. 51% faced health problems, the major ones being respiratory problems. The study suggests that most effective control of the habit can be achieved by targeting the students of adolescent age and minimizing the tension among them.   Keywords: Smoking, Adolescents, students’ behavior, central universit

Prediction of Bone Marrow Cellularity from Aspiration as compared to Trephine Biopsy

Background: Bone marrow cellularity is an essential and integral part of the bone marrow examination report. Cellularity could be obtained from both bone marrow aspirations and biopsies. Predicting marrow cellularity from aspiration as opposed to biopsy would give the clinician the convenience of an early diagnosis and timely management. In this study, we aimed at knowing the degree of correlation between the bone marrow aspiration cellularity that could be ready within a short period of time to that of bone marrow biopsy cellularity that could take days to have a positive impact on the management, especially for acute blood disorders. Materials and Methods: We collected 200 consecutive bone marrow aspirations from the Nanakaly Teaching Hospital. All the bone marrow biopsy slides belonging to the same group of patients were also collected from the main histology center at Rizgary Teaching Hospital. Five expert hematopathologists were given the chance to report on the cellularity for both the aspirations and the biopsies. The study was performed in sessions, limiting each session to 20 aspirations and 20 biopsies. Cellularity was rated in percentage points of 5 giving the observer the chance to rate the cellularity from 0% to 100%. Results: Microsoft Excel spreadsheet was used to record all the data obtained from the observers. Mean values from all the five observers for each aspiration and biopsy was used for statistical analysis. We found a strong direct positive correlation between the bone marrow biopsy cellularity and bone marrow aspiration cellularity. Conclusion: A simple practical equation could be created to measure bone marrow biopsy cellularity from the usually available aspiration cellularity. Marrow biopsy cellularity was found to be 0.96 of the aspiration cellularity