Market-driven vs. government-driven banking consolidation around the world

Today’s processes of globalization, deregulation and development of information technologies in the banking sector of countries around the world lead to increase of bank mergers and acquisitions, thus reducing the total amount of banks in the banking system. At the same time, countries, where financial markets are still developing the banking consolidation is led by regulative authorities with strict directions and plans of reduction of banks’ quantity in the banking sector. Thus, the objective of this study is to investigate the differences between banking consolidation driven by the market forces and banking consolidation initiated by regulatory authorities. The research occupies the main theoretical basis of both types of banking consolidation and today’s overview of the most striking examples of banking consolidation driven by market / government around the world

The assesment nursing attitude of spiritual care : a descriptive study in Birjand teaching hospitals

معنویت و مراقبت معنوی جزء الینفک مراقبت کل نگر در پرستاری محسوب شده و توجه به آن میتواند نقش مهمی در بهبودی بیماران و دستیابی به اهداف سالمتی داشته باشد. نگرش و آگاهی پرستاران نسبت به مراقبت معنوی میتواند نقش مهمی را جهت اجرای این مراقبت ایفا نماید. لذا مطالعه حاضر با هدف تعیین نگرش پرستاران نسبت به مراقبت معنوی صورت گرفته است. واحدهای مورد پژوهش 222 پرستار از دو بیمارستان آموزشی شهر بیرجند بودند که به روش سرشماری انتخاب شدند. جمع آوری دادهها با استفاده از پرسشنامه نگرش نسبت به مراقبت معنوی (SCPS (صورت گرفته و دادهها توسط نرم افزار Spss16 مورد تحلیل قرار گرفت. نتایج به دست آماده حاکی از نگرش باالی پرستاران نسبت به مراقبت معنوی بوده است )4=M , 8/2=SD .)بین نگرش نسبت به مراقبت معنوی و سن، تعداد سالهای خدمت و نوع بخش خدمت رابطه معنیداری گزارش شد)20/2<P .)در این زمینه پیشنهاد میگردد که بایستی عالوه بر ایجاد نگرش مثبت نسبت به مراقبت معنوی راهکارهایی در جهت اجرای هر چه بیشتر این جنبه از مراقبت در نظر گرفته شود

The Role of Journey Purpose in Road Traffic Injuries: A Bayesian Network Approach

Road traffic injuries are now regarded as the eighth leading cause of death globally. For example, in 2016, 102,362 traffic injuries took place in Spain in which 174,679 drivers suffered injuries. These findings necessitated the development of the current study which focuses on the prime factors that cause this type of injuries. The aim of this study, therefore, is to explore the behavioral factors that entail a higher risk of suffering either a serious or a fatal injury for drivers. Methods. The findings are based on information and data provided by “Dirección General de Tráfico” (DGT) in Spain on traffic injuries that occurred in the year 2016. Reviewing a wide range of the literature, the authors identified the most influential variables and created a model using the Bayesian networks. The variables that define the model are grouped into four factors: vehicle factor, road factor, circumstantial factor and human factor. Results. The results suggest that the principal variables that determine a higher probability of serious or fatal injuries in traffic injuries are: lack of using appropriate safety accessories, high-speed violations, distractions as well as errors. Finally, the research shows the severity probability based on reason of displacement (“in itinere,” on business, or in leisure)

Comparative antibacterial effects of essential oils of Melissa officinalis and Deracocephalum moldavica L. against some pathogenic bacteria in food in vitro

زمینه و هدف: استفاده از نگهدارنده&zwnj;های شیمیایی و مضرات آنها، سبب شده که تولید کنندگان مواد غذایی اخیرا گرایش به استفاده از نگهدارنده&zwnj;های طبیعی در مواد غذایی پیدا کنند. اسانس&zwnj;های گیاهی که همان روغن&zwnj;های فرار (volatile oils) می باشند، روغن&zwnj;های مایع و معطر گیاهان اند. گیاهان معطر حاوی اسانس هایی با خواص ضد میکروبی هستند. در این مطالعه اثرات ضدباکتریایی اسانس&zwnj;های بادرنجبویه (Melissa officinalis) و بادرشبو (Dracocephalum moldavica) علیه 4 باکتری بیماریزای مواد غذایی در شرایط آزمایشگاهی بررسی شد. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه تجربی پس از تهیه باکتری های مورد بررسی، با روش انتشار بر روی دیسک قطر هاله ممانعت از رشد و با روش میکرودایلوشن حداقل غلظت ممانعت از رشد و حداقل غلظت کشندگی برای هر دو اسانس بادرنجبویه و بادرشبو تعیین شد و جهت مقایسه نتایج از نرم افزار SPSS با آزمون T test استفاده گردید و سطح اختلاف معنی دار کمتر از 0/05 انتخاب شد(P&lt; 0/05). یافته ها: نتایج این مطالعه بیانگر تاثیر ضد میکروبی قوی دو اسانس فوق روی این باکتری ها بود. باکتری استافیلوکوکوس اورئوس با حداقل غلظت ممانعت کنندگی mg/mL 1/2 (برای هر دو اسانس) حساس&zwnj;ترین باکتری در مقابل اسانس&zwnj;های بادرنجبویه و بادرشبو بود. در این میان اسانس بادرنجبویه اثرات ضد باکتریایی قوی&zwnj;تری علیه باکتری&zwnj;های مورد آزمایش در مقایسه با اسانس بادرشبو داشت. نتیجه گیری: نتایج حاصل بیانگر توان مهارکنندگی و ضد باکتریایی اسانس های بادرنجبویه و بادرشبو علیه این میکروارگانیسم های بیماریزا می باشد که می تواند بعنوان یک ماده ضد میکروبی گیاهی، جایگزینی مناسب برای ترکیبات شیمیایی ضد باکتری باشد و در صنایع غذایی و داروسازی مورد استفاده قرار گیرد

Interacting Cosmic Fluids in Brans-Dicke Cosmology

We provide a detailed description for power-law scaling FRW cosmological models in Brans-Dicke theory dominated by two interacting fluid components during the expansion of the universe.Comment: 13 pages, 8 figure

Music distraction among young drivers: analysis by gender and experience

The aim of this study was to quantify the probability of committing a speed infraction by young drivers and to investigate to what extent listening music could affect young drivers’ emotions as well as their driving performances at the wheel. To achieve this aim, employing Bayesian networks, the study analysed different music styles, in which they resulted in sample drivers’ speed infractions. Gender and drivers’ experiences at the wheel were the other factors, which were taken into account when interpreting the study results. Variables taken into account in this study included type of music whilst driving, gender of drivers, and drivers’ driving experiences. These variables further incorporated into the study of other telemetric variables including acceleration, number of revolutions per minute (RPM) of the engine, brake, traffic, and other types of infractions other than speed, which were considered as dependent variables. A driving simulator was used, and different driving simulation studies were carried out with young people aged between 20 and 28 years. Each participant carried out three simulations by listening to different type of music in each journey. The study defined a conceptual model in which the data were analysed and evaluated mathematically through Bayesian networks. A sensitivity analysis was performed to evaluate the influence of music on driving speed. Based on the different variables, the study further analysed the probability of speed infractions committed by drivers and their adequate speed. The range of frequency probabilities varied between 96.32% (which corresponds to experienced male drivers who do not listen to music) and 79.38% (which corresponds to less-experienced female drivers who listen to music), which resulted in their happiness or aggression.FEDER (Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional) for developing Castilla y Le´on´s region. *e title of the project is “Modelizaci´on mediante t´ecnicas de machine learning de la influencia de las distracciones del conductor en la seguridad vial-Modeling the influence of driver´s distractions on road safety through machine learning techniques.” Ref. BU300P1

An Epidemiological Study of Psychological Disorders in Chaharmohal & Bakhtiari Province, 2001

زمینه و هدف: برنامه‏ریزی برای ارایه خدمات اساسی بهداشت روان به افراد جامعه، نیازمند آگاهی از وضعیت موجود بیماری روانی در جامعه است. این مطالعه با هدف بررسی همه‏گیری‏شناسی اختلالات روانی در افراد 18 سال به بالاتر مناطق شهری و روستایی استان چهارمحال و بختیاری انجام گرفت. روش مطالعه: نمونه های مورد مطالعه با روش نمونه‏گیری تصادفی خوشه‏ای و سیستماتیک از بین خانوارهای موجود استان چهارمحال و بختیاری انتخاب گردیدند و از طریق تکمیل پرسشنامه اختلالات عاطفی و اسکیزوفرنیا (SADS=Schedale Affective Disorders Schizophrenia) توسط کارشناسان روانشناسی در استان، جمعاً 305 نفر مورد مطالعه قرار گرفتند. تشخیص‏گذاری اختلالات بر اساس معیارهای طبقه‏بندی DSM-IV است. نتایج: نتایج این بررسی نشان داد شیوع انواع اختلالات روانی در استان 42/16 می‏باشد که این شیوع در زنان 20 و در مردان 14/13 است. اختلالات اضطرابی و عصبی‌ شناختی به ترتیب با 52/9 و 28/3، شایع‏ترین اختلالات روانی در استان بودند. شیوع اختلالات پسیکوتیک در این مطالعه 33/0، اختلالات خلقی 63/2 و اختلالات تجزیه‏ای 66/0 بود. در گروه اختلالات خلقی، افسردگی اساسی با 30/2 و در گروه اختلالات اضطرابی، اختلال فوبی با 62/2 شیوع بیشتری داشتند. شیوع اختلالات روانی در استان در افراد گروه سنی 65-56 سال با 30، افراد همسر فوت شده با 25، افراد ساکن در مناطق شهری با 53/15، افراد بی‏سواد با 66/12 و افراد بیکار با 74/21 بیش از گروه‌های دیگر بود. نتیجه‌گیری: در این مطالعه 49/10 افراد مورد مطالعه دچار حداقل یک اختلال روانی بودند. لذا نتایج این تحقیق مسئولیت سیاستگذاران و برنامه‌ریزان بهداشتی استان چهارمحال و بختیاری و کشور در رابطه با تدوین برنامه‌های عملی و اجرایی بهداشت روان را بیش از پیش روشن می‌سازد

Distinguishing Rain-fed and Irrigated Crops in Hamadan Province Using Spectral Indices of Satellite Images

IntroductionRemote sensing methods for mapping farms and crops have been widely used in the last three decades. This method is applied to identify irrigated areas around the world (Alipour et al., 2014), although most of these studies are in areas with semi-arid climates and low rainfall or lack of rainfall which has a significant effect on the spectral characteristics of plants. In this study, Landsat 8 and MODIS satellite images were used to identify and separate two irrigated and rain-fed wheat farms in Hamadan province. Two algorithms of support vector machine (SVM) and minimum distance (MD) were used simultaneously to classify irrigated and rain-fed farms. In the next step, the area under cultivation of rain-fed and irrigated wheat was predicted in the whole cultivated area of Hamadan province. Finally, the cultivation area of rain-fed and irrigated crops was calculated in the province using Sentinel 3 satellite images based on the random forest algorithm in 2016.Materials and MethodsThe study area is Hamedan province, which is located between 59◦ 33′ and 49◦ 35′ north latitude and also from 34◦ 47′ to 34◦ 49′ east longitude of the Greenwich meridian. A 50-hectare rain-fed wheat farm in Amzajerd was used as a sample to extract the properties of rain-fed wheat. Also, irrigated indices were extracted from a 100-hectare irrigated wheat farm located in Kaboudrahang. Satellite images were applied to separate irrigated and rain-fed wheat in Hamadan province. NDVI, EVI and NDWI indices were extracted from 16-day images of Landsat, MODIS, and Sentinel 3 sensors in the five-year period (2015-2019). Google Earth Engine (GEE) system was the environment for performing image processing calculations and extracting indices and maps.Results and DiscussionThe NDVI and EVI of irrigated and rain-fed wheat farms were calculated in 2015-2019. A small peak was observed in the rain-fed and irrigated NDVI trend in November due to the early germination of wheat leaves in winter, and the larger peak in May and June showed the maximum greenness of irrigated and rain-fed wheat, respectively. The ascending or descending trend of NDVI / EVI had no constant slope. This can be due to changes in meteorological parameters, which sometimes cause a sudden increase or decrease in the values of these indices. Despite the non-linearity of the NDVI / EVI trend over time, the maximum greenness was recorded just a month before the wheat harvest, which was seen in the third decade of May to the first decade of June. One of the cases is the sharp drop of NDVI / EVI after its final peak, which was definitely due to yellowing wheat and harvesting. Since the distinction between rain-fed and irrigated crops was difficult only based on NDVI, NDWI was also used to determine the water content of wheat so that irrigated wheat could be identified. However, the difference between rain-fed and irrigated wheat in terms of NDWI spectral density was insignificant; the maximum and minimum occurrence times of NDWI and NDVI of rain-fed and irrigated wheat were chosen for their separation. In order to map the cultivation area, in addition to the MODIS sensor, Sentinel 3 was used due to its ability to detect chlorophyll accurately. Due to the fact that the imaging of the Sentinel 3 satellite started since 2016, the map of rain-fed and irrigated cultivation as well as the cultivation area and their separation was done based on the random forest algorithm in 2016.ConclusionThe results of this study showed that the appropriate method for distinguishing between rain-fed and irrigated wheat is the simultaneous use of several indices. Also, the greatest difference is in the maximum greenness, which happened almost one month before harvest. MD and SVM classification algorithms could distinguish irrigated and rain-fed wheat from other crops with 90% and 80% accuracy, respectively. Distinguished maps of irrigated and rain-fed crops based on the random forest algorithm were obtained using Sentinel 3 satellite imagery which can show the fertility of agricultural lands in the province