Iklim sekolah dan efikasi kendiri dalam kalangan guru bimbingan dan kaunseling sekolah menengah di Kelantan

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti hubungan antara iklim sekolah dan efikasi kendiri guru bimbingan dan kaunseling di negeri Kelantan. Responden kajian adalah terdiri daripada 181 orang guru bimbingan dan kaunseling Sekolah Menengah di negeri Kelantan.Kajian rintis dijalankan ke atas 30 orang guru bimbingan dan kaunseling di daerah Tanah Merah.Secara spesifiknya, kaedah kuantitatif digunakan untuk tujuan pengumpulan data.Maklum balas melalui soal selidik telah diperolehi dan seterusnya data dianalisis menggunakan Perisian Program SPSS 20.0 yang mana melibatkan nilai Min, Sisishan Piawai, ujian t dan korelasi Pearson. Instrumen yang digunakan didalam kajian ini diambil dan diubahsuai dari soal selidik Tahap Persekitaran sekolah (SLEQ) oleh Johnson dan Steven (2007).Instrumen bagi mengukur efikasi guru bimbingan dan kaunseling pula menggunakan instrumen yang diambil daripada School Counselor Self Efficacy Scale (SCSE) yang diadaptasi daripada Bodenhorn & Skaggs(2005).Dapatan daripada ujian korelasi Pearson menunjukkan iklim sekolah mempunyai hubungan yang signifikan dengan efikasi guru bimbingan dan kaunseling.Dapatan kajian juga menunjukkan dimensi perhubungan pelajar mempunyai hubungan yang paling kuat berbanding dimensi lain dengan efikasi kendiri guru bimbingan dan kaunseling.Seterusnya dapatan kajian ini juga mendapati bahawa iklim sekolah merupakan peramal kepada efikasi guru bimbingan dan kaunseling di sekolah.Akhir sekali, implikasi kajian diperincikan agar ianya dapat memberikan sumbangan kepada bidang ilmiah penyelidikan pendidikan

Effect of solid acids in the conversion of glycerol over ru/bentonite catalyst in glycerol hydrogenolysis reaction

Glycerol known as by-product of transesterification of vegetables oil become an important materials after some chemical modification. In this study, hydrogenolysis reaction of glycerol to 1,2-propanediol was conducted using various supported ruthenium based catalyst. The support materials used in this study are bentonite ,TiO2, Al2O3 and SiO2. All experiments were carried out at reaction condition of 150°C, hydrogen pressure 20-30 bar for 7 hours and the 20%(wt) glycerol content in distilled water. The result shows that activity of the catalyts increased following this order: Ru/SiO2< Ru/TiO2 ˜ Ru/Al2O3 < Ru/bentonite. High selectivity to 1,2-propanediol was obtained in hydrogenolysis glycerol over Ru/TiO2 (83.7% ) and Ru/bentonite (80.1%) catalysts. Since Ru/bentonite catalyst performed better than other tested catalyst, we choose this catalyst system to investigate the effect of various solid acids (zeolite, ZrO2, Nb2O5 and amberlyst) on conversion of glycerol in hydrogenolysis reaction. Addition of solid acid in hydrogenolysis glycerol had promote the activity of Ru/bentonite catalyst drastically. The result shows that the presence of zeolite make the conversion of glycerol increased to maximum from 62.8% to 81.6% compared the other solid acids. Interestingly, selectivity to 1,2-propanediol still was achieved over 80.0%. These catalysts system were characterized by XRD, XPS, BET, and TEM for obtaining some physicochemical properties of the catalysts

Effect Of Solid Acids In The Conversion Of Glycerol Over Ru/Bentonite Catalyst In Glycerol Hydrogenolysis Reaction

Glycerol known as by-product of transesterification of vegetables oil become an important materials after some chemical modification. In this study, hydrogenolysis reaction of glycerol to 1,2-propanediol was conducted using various supported ruthenium based catalyst. The support materials used in this study are bentonite ,TiO2, Al2O3 and SiO2. All experiments were carried out at reaction condition of 150&deg;C, hydrogen pressure 20-30 bar for 7 hours and the 20%(wt) glycerol content in distilled water. The result shows that activity of the catalyts increased following this order: Ru/SiO2&lt; Ru/TiO2 &asymp; Ru/Al2O3 &lt; Ru/bentonite. High selectivity to 1,2-propanediol was obtained in hydrogenolysis glycerol over Ru/TiO2 (83.7% ) and Ru/bentonite (80.1%) catalysts. Since Ru/bentonite catalyst performed better than other tested catalyst, we choose this catalyst system to investigate the effect of various solid acids (zeolite, ZrO2, Nb2O5 and amberlyst) on conversion of glycerol in hydrogenolysis reaction. Addition of solid acid in hydrogenolysis glycerol had promote the activity of Ru/bentonite catalyst drastically. The result shows that the presence of zeolite make the conversion of glycerol increased to maximum from 62.8% to 81.6% compared the other solid acids. Interestingly, selectivity to 1,2-propanediol still was achieved over 80.0%. These catalysts system were characterized by XRD, XPS, BET, and TEM for obtaining some physicochemical properties of the catalysts

Carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity by Chlorella sp. in immobilised matrix under carbon dioxide rich cultivation condition

The continuous release of global CO2 and greenhouse gases into the atmophere is considered one of the major contributors for global warming. Currently, microalgal biosequestration using enzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA) has been reported to be one approach that could be applied to overcome the issue. Eventhough this enzyme has been proven to show its potential to convert atmospheric CO2 to bicarbonates, there are remaining issues related to its stability and production parameters that need to be addressed. In this study, the activity of CA produced by immobilized microalgae Chlorella sp. cultivated in a laboratory environment was investigated. For this study, the influence of cultivation conditions such as pH value ranging from 4.00 to 12.00, light intensity ranging from 330 lux to 1000 lux and CO2 concentration ranging from 0.04% to 25% on CA activity were investigated. This present study indicates that the highest CA activity of 1.908 U/min was observed for the cultivation was performed using 15% CO2 with a pH of 8.00 and a light intensity of 550 lux. This suggested that the entrapment of microalgal using a suitable matrix carrier could produce higher CA activity which could be further utilised for extended biomimetic CO2 capture systems