Difficult airways in ENT surgery

Theoretical basis: Airway management for laryngeal surgery require the anesthesiologist to be adept with various methods of managing the difficult airway and performing airway exchange, to competently execute intraoperative ventilation strategies, to be proficient with inhalational and total intravenous anesthesia, and to quickly tailor anesthetic techniques to the various durations of the surgical cases.Results: When the surgical site is within or near the airway, coordination between the anesthesia and surgical teams is essential to consider the need for an ETT, which tube type to use, the oxygen enrichment plan, and mode of ventilation. The presence of laryngeal carcinoma requires precise assessment of the feasibility of endotracheal intubation. Tracheostomy can be safely performed under general anesthesia with laryngeal mask ventilation. Theessential requirements for precision microlaryngeal surgery and optimal preservation of function include a clear and still surgical field, absence of patient movement, and allocation of sufficient time to carefully complete the procedure in an unhurried manner. Postoperative hemorrhage is the most serious complication of tonsillectomy. Aspiration of foreign bodies by children is a common problem around the world. Conclusion: General anesthesia in ENT surgery represents a unique example of close cooperation between the surgeon and the anesthesiologist

Die prognostische Aussagekraft der PSA-Eliminationskinetik nach radikaler Prostatektomie

Die Aussagekraft der etablierten Prognoseparameter nach radikaler Prostatektomie wird der Eliminationshalbwertzeit des PSA gegenübergestellt. Als Behelfsendpunkt der Untersuchung dient das serologische Rezidiv. Von den präoperativen Prognoseparametern besitzen das Gesamt-PSA, der PSA-Prostatavolumenquotient und der Malignitätsgrad in der Biopsie eine prognostische Aussagekraft, von den postoperativen Parametern der Malignitätsgrad im definitiven Prostatapräparat, das histopathologische Tumorstadium, der operative Schnittrand, der Kapselstatus und die PSA-Eliminationshalbwertzeit. Die mittlere Eliminationshalbwertzeit der Patienten ohne serologisches Rezidiv beträgt 2,37 Tage, diejenige der Patienten mit serologischem Rezidiv 2,82 Tage. Es läßt sich eine vereinfachte Methode zur Erfassung der Eliminationsgeschwindigkeit durch Bildung des Quotienten aus der t-PSA Konzentration am 7. postoperativen Tag und der Konzentration 5 Minuten nach der operativen Entfernung der Prostata herleiten

Results of treatment of retinopathy of prematurity with laser therapy at Children`s Eye Department of the University Hospital `Aleksandrovska`

Въведение: Ретинопатията на недоносеността (Retinopathy of prematurity или ROP) е сериозно, застрашаващо зрението състояние, което се наблюдава при преждевременно родени деца. Основното лечение на това заболяване е индиректната диод на лазерна фото коагулация. Цел: Да представим резултатите от лечението на деца с прагова и тип 1 предпрагова ретинопатия на недоносеността, лекувани с индиректна диодна лазерна фотокоагулация в Детско Очно Отделение на УМБАЛ "Александровска" за периода Юни 2011 г.- Декември 2015 г. Материал и методи: В настоящето проучване сме включили 99 очи на 53 бебета (32 момчета и 21 момичета), лекувани с индиректна диод на лазерна фотокоагулация (81 О nm) в Детско Очно Отделение на Клиника по Очни болести на УМБАЛ "Александровска". Децата са диагностицирани и проследявани с дигитална фундосова камера (RetCam). Резултати: Средната гестацианна възраст при раждане на лекуваните деца е 27.06 г.с. 34 деца (64.15 %) са с тегло при раждането < 1000 гр., a 19 деца (35.85 %) са с тегло при раждането от 1 ООО до 1770 гр. Отлични анатомични резултати са постигнати при 81 очи (81.82%). При 18 очи (18.18 %) се наблюдава прогресия на заболяването: при 2 очи до IVA ст.; при 1 око до IVВ ст.; при 3 очи до V ст. и при 12 очи до регресирала (цикатрициална) форма на ретинопатия на недоносените. Заключение: Индиректна диодна лазерна фотокоагулация е безопасен и ефективен метод за лечение на прагова и тип 1 предпрагова ретинопатия на недоносеността.Introduction: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is seriously threatening eye condition that occurs in premature infants. The main treatment for this disease is the indirect diode laser photocoagulation. Objective: To present the results of the treatment of children with threshold and type 1 prethreshold retinopathy of prematurity, treated with indirect diode laser photocoagulation at The Department of Ophthalmology of the University Hospital `Aleksandrovska` for the period of June 2011 - December 2015. Material and Methods: In the present study we included 99 eyes of 53 infants (32 boys and 21 girls) treated with indirect diode laser photocoagulation (810 nm) at The Department of Ophthalmology of the University Hospital `Aleksandrovska`. Children are diagnosed and monitored with digital fundus camera (RetCam). Results: The average gestational age at birth of treated children was 27.06 weeks. 34 children (64.15%) had birth weigh

Anisotropic inharmonic Higgs oscillator and related (MICZ-)Kepler-like systems

We propose the integrable (pseudo)spherical generalization of the four-dimensional anisotropic oscillator with additional nonlinear potential. Performing its Kustaanheimo-Stiefel transformation we then obtain the pseudospherical generalization of the MICZ-Kepler system with linear and $\cos\theta$ potential terms. We also present the generalization of the parabolic coordinates, in which this system admits the separation of variables. Finally, we get the spherical analog of the presented MICZ-Kepler-like system.Comment: 7 page

Meat freshness revealed by visible to near-infrared spectroscopy and principal component analysis

Increasing concerns about adulterated meat encouraged industry looking for new non-invasive methods for rapid accurate meat quality assessment. Main meat chromophores (myoglobin, oxy-myoglobin, fat, water, collagen) are characterized by close comparable absorption in visible to near-infrared (NIR) spectral region. Therefore, structural and compositional variations in meat may lead to relative differences in the absorption of light. Utilizing typical fiber-optic probes and integrating sphere, a degradation of pork samples freshness was observed at room temperature referring to the relative changes in absorbance of main meat chromophores. The application of principal component analysis (PCA) used for examination of measured absorbance spectra revealed more detailed sub-stages of freshness, which are not observed by the conventional analysis of the reflectance spectra. The results show a great potential of the combined application of optical-NIR spectroscopy with complementary use of PCA approach for assessing meat quality and monitoring relative absorbance alternation of oxymyoglobin and myoglobin in visible, and fat, water, collagen in NIR spectral ranges

Purity-bounded uncertainty relations in multidimensional space -- generalized purity

Uncertainty relations for mixed quantum states (precisely, purity-bounded position-momentum relations, developed by Bastiaans and then by Man'ko and Dodonov) are studied in general multi-dimensional case. An expression for family of mixed states at the lower bound of uncertainty relation is obtained. It is shown, that in case of entropy-bounded uncertainty relations, lower-bound state is thermal, and a transition from one-dimensional problem to multi-dimensional one is trivial. Results of numerical calculation of the relation lower bound for different types of generalized purity are presented. Analytical expressions for general purity-bounded relations for highly mixed states are obtained.Comment: 12 pages, 2 figures. draft version, to appear in J. Phys. A Partially based on a poster "Multidimensional uncertainty relations for states with given generalized purity" presented on X Intl. Conf. on Quantum Optics'2004 (Minsk, Belarus, May 30 -- June 3, 2004) More actual report is to be presented on ICSSUR-2005, Besan\c{c}on, France and on EQEC'05, Munich. V. 5: amended article after referees' remark