理工系大学院留学生の日本語使用に関する一調査

国際交流基金日本語国際センターは、放送大学との共同プロジェクトとして「理工系大学院留学生のための日本語オンライン教材」の開発を進めている。教材を開発するにあたり、理工系大学院留学生が大学生活や日常生活においてどのように日本語を使用しているかを探るため、アンケート調査を行った。また、アンケート調査の結果に基づき、理工系大学院留学生のグループプロファイルを作成した。グループプロファイルから、理工系大学院留学生の日本語使用場面は幅広く、さまざまな場面で日本語の使用が求められていることがわかった。研究生活で英語を使用している留学生であっても、指導教員や研究室メンバーとの研究以外のコミュニケーションにおいては主に日本語を使用している。日常生活においても人との交流のために日本語の使用が必要とされている。また、手続き等で書類に必要事項を記入するという言語活動が多く見られた。The Japan Foundation Japanese−Language Institute, Urawa and the Open University of Japan are developing "Japanese online material for foreign graduate science and engineering students". In order to develop the material, we conducted a survey to explore how foreign graduate students are using Japanese in daily and college life. In addition, based on the results of the survey, we created a group profile of foreign graduate science and engineering students. The group profile shows that foreign graduate students use Japanese in various situations. While they are using English in academic life, they use Japanese with their supervisors and laboratory members for daily communication. In addition, the use of Japanese in daily life is required for interaction with people. They often need to use Japanese to fill out the documents in assignments

Fetal response to induced maternal emotions.

This study investigated the relationship between fetal movements and acute maternal emotional changes during pregnancy. Two empirically validated feature film clips were used for the external generation of two subjectively and facially well-characterized target emotions: happiness and sadness. We simultaneously monitored separate fetal arm, leg, and trunk movements by means of two ultrasound apparatuses while maternal emotions were manipulated by film clip presentation. The number of fetal arm movements, but not the duration, was increased when pregnant women were being shown a happy film. Both the number and the duration of fetal arm movements decreased with the sad film presentation. Neither the presentation of happiness nor the presentation of sadness affected fetal leg or trunk movements. These findings suggest that induced emotions in pregnant women primarily affect arm movements of their fetuses, and that positive and negative emotions have the opposite effects on fetus movement

Fetal Response to Mozart\u27s Music

Objective: This study aimed to determine whether fetal arm movements change when music is presented to the mother or directly to the fetus through the mother\u27s lower abdomen, and whether maternal mood influences changes in fetal arm movements. Methods: Using a diagnostic ultrasound apparatus, fetal arm movements were measured in 47 pregnant women in the 35-36th week of pregnancy. Subjects were divided into two groups: a maternal presentation group, in which the mothers listened to music through headphones; and a fetal presentation group, in which music was presented directly to the fetus through headphones placed on the mother\u27s abdomen. Fetal arm movements were observed and recorded by ultrasound for a total of 10 min (5 min without music followed by 5 min with music). The music used was Mozart\u27s Sonata for Two Pianos in D Major, K. 448. The Profile of Mood States-Brief Form (POMS) was used to investigate the influence of maternal mood on fetal arm movements. Results: In the maternal presentation group, changes in fetal arm movement did not differ between mothers with different moods. In the fetal presentation group, fetal arm movements increased when the mother was energetic and decreased when the mother lacked energy. Fetal arm movement also decreased when the mother had a high level of fatigue and increased when the mother had a low level of fatigue. Conclusion: Presenting music directly to the fetus while the mother is relaxed has the potential to increase fetal response to the music and may possibly promote fetal well-being

O perfil de potenciais doadores de órgãos e tecidos

This study aimed to characterize donors according to gender, age group, cause of brain death; quantify donors with hypernatremia, hyperpotassemia and hypopotassemia; and get to know which organs were the most used in transplantations. This quantitative, descriptive, exploratory and retrospective study was performed at the Organ Procurement Organization of the University of São Paulo Medical School Hospital das Clínicas. Data from the medical records of 187 potential donors were analyzed. Cerebrovascular accidents represented 53.48% of all brain death causes, sodium and potassium disorders occurred in 82.36% of cases and 45.46% of the potential donors were between 41 and 60 years old. The results evidenced that natural death causes exceeded traumatic deaths, and that most donors presented sodium and potassium alterations, likely associated to inappropriate maintenance.Se tuvo como objetivos determinar las características de los donadores según el sexo, el intervalo de edad, y, las causas por muerte encefálica; determinar el número donadores que presentaban hipernatremia, hiperpotasemia y hipopotasemia; conocer los órganos que fueron más utilizados para el trasplante. Es un estudio de tipo cuantitativo, descriptivo, exploratorio y retrospectivo. La investigación fue realizada en una Institución de donación de Órganos perteneciente al Hospital de las Clínicas de Sao Paulo. Fueron analizados los datos de 187 probables donadores. Entre las causas de muerte encefálica el 53,48% fueron por accidente cerebro vascular, en 82,36% de los casos se produjeron alteraciones en los valores de sodio y potasio y los donadores se encontraban entre 41 y 60 años de edad. Los resultados muestran que las causas naturales de muerte superaron a las muertes por traumatismo. La mayoría de los donadores tuvo alteraciones en los niveles de sodio y potasio, estando posiblemente relacionadas a medidas de conservación inadecuadas.Objetivou-se caracterizar os doadores, segundo o sexo, faixa etária, causa de morte encefálica, quantificar os doadores que apresentaram hipernatremia, hiperpotassemia e hipopotassemia e conhecer quais os órgãos mais utilizados para transplante. Trata-se de estudo de caráter quantitativo, descritivo, exploratório e retrospectivo. A pesquisa foi realizada na Organização de Procura de Órgãos do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo. Foram analisados os dados dos prontuários de 187 potenciais doadores. O acidente vascular cerebral representou 53,48% de todas as causas de morte encefálica, os distúrbios de sódio e potássio ocorreram em 82,36% dos casos e 45,46% dos potenciais doadores tinham de 41 a 60 anos. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram que as causas naturais de morte superaram as mortes traumáticas e a maioria dos doadores apresentou alterações de sódio e potássio provavelmente relacionadas à manutenção inadequada

El perfil de probables donadores de órganos y tejidos

Objetivou-se caracterizar os doadores, segundo o sexo, faixa etária, causa de morte encefálica, quantificar os doadores que apresentaram hipernatremia, hiperpotassemia e hipopotassemia e conhecer quais os órgãos mais utilizados para transplante. Trata-se de estudo de caráter quantitativo, descritivo, exploratório e retrospectivo. A pesquisa foi realizada na Organização de Procura de Órgãos do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo. Foram analisados os dados dos prontuários de 187 potenciais doadores. O acidente vascular cerebral representou 53,48% de todas as causas de morte encefálica, os distúrbios de sódio e potássio ocorreram em 82,36% dos casos e 45,46% dos potenciais doadores tinham de 41 a 60 anos. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram que as causas naturais de morte superaram as mortes traumáticas e a maioria dos doadores apresentou alterações de sódio e potássio provavelmente relacionadas à manutenção inadequada.Se tuvo como objetivos determinar las características de los donadores según el sexo, el intervalo de edad, y, las causas por muerte encefálica; determinar el número donadores que presentaban hipernatremia, hiperpotasemia y hipopotasemia; conocer los órganos que fueron más utilizados para el trasplante. Es un estudio de tipo cuantitativo, descriptivo, exploratorio y retrospectivo. La investigación fue realizada en una Institución de donación de Órganos perteneciente al Hospital de las Clínicas de Sao Paulo. Fueron analizados los datos de 187 probables donadores. Entre las causas de muerte encefálica el 53,48% fueron por accidente cerebro vascular, en 82,36% de los casos se produjeron alteraciones en los valores de sodio y potasio y los donadores se encontraban entre 41 y 60 años de edad. Los resultados muestran que las causas naturales de muerte superaron a las muertes por traumatismo. La mayoría de los donadores tuvo alteraciones en los niveles de sodio y potasio, estando posiblemente relacionadas a medidas de conservación inadecuadas.This study aimed to characterize donors according to gender, age group, cause of brain death; quantify donors with hypernatremia, hyperpotassemia and hypopotassemia; and get to know which organs were the most used in transplantations. This quantitative, descriptive, exploratory and retrospective study was performed at the Organ Procurement Organization of the University of São Paulo Medical School Hospital das Clínicas. Data from the medical records of 187 potential donors were analyzed. Cerebrovascular accidents represented 53.48% of all brain death causes, sodium and potassium disorders occurred in 82.36% of cases and 45.46% of the potential donors were between 41 and 60 years old. The results evidenced that natural death causes exceeded traumatic deaths, and that most donors presented sodium and potassium alterations, likely associated to inappropriate maintenance

A Novel Methodology to Evaluate Health Impacts Caused by VOC Exposures Using Real-Time VOC and Holter Monitors

While various volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are known to show neurotoxic effects, the detailed mechanisms of the action of VOCs on the autonomic nervous system are not fully understood, partially because objective and quantitative measures to indicate neural abnormalities are still under development. Nevertheless, heart rate variability (HRV) has been recently proposed as an indicative measure of the autonomic effects. In this study, we used HRV as an indicative measure of the autonomic effrects to relate their values to the personal concentrations of VOCs measured by a real-time VOC monitor. The measurements were conducted for 24 hours on seven healthy subjects under usual daily life conditions. The results showed HF powers were significantly decreased for six subjects when the changes of total volatile organic compound (TVOC) concentrations were large, indicating a suppression of parasympathetic nervous activity induced by the exposure to VOCs. The present study indicated these real-time monitoring was useful to characterize the trends of VOC exposures and their effects on autonomic nervous system