Diagnosis Of Vertical Root Fracture With Cone-beam Computerized Tomography In Endodontically Treated Teeth: Three Case Reports

A definitive diagnosis of vertical root fracture (VRF) is often a challenging task for clinicians. This is because two dimensional periapical radiographs are usually unable to detect the fracture line due to the direction of the X-ray beam. This report presents a set of 3 cases of endodontically treated teeth that were diagnosed with VRFs based on findings from clinical, radiographic, and cone-beam computerized tomographic (CBCT) examinations. After extraction, VRFs were confirmed in all cases. The presence of periodontal pockets or other signs which would compromise the correct diagnosis could not be detected in all three cases. Fracture lines were only visible with the aid of CBCT which provided useful information for the diagnosis and management of VRF. However, the clinical and radiographic data should not be discarded, but used in conjunction with CBCT.827579Ozer, S.Y., Detection of vertical root fractures of different thicknesses in endodontically enlarged teeth by cone beam computed tomography versus digital radiography (2010) J Endod, 36 (7), pp. 1245-1249Ozer, S.Y., Unlu, G., Deger, Y., Diagnosis and treatment of endodontically treated teeth with vertical root fracture: Three case reports with two-year follow-up (2011) J Endod, 37 (1), pp. 97-102Fuss, Z., Lustig, J., Tamse, A., Prevalence of vertical root fractures in extracted endodontically treated teeth (1999) Int Endod J, 32 (4), pp. 283-286Morfis, A.S., Vertical root fractures (1990) Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol, 69 (5), pp. 631-635Tang, L., Zhou, X., Wang, Y., Zhang, L., Zheng, Q., Huang, D., Detection of vertical root fracture using cone beam computed tomography: Report of two cases (2011) Dent Traumatol, 27 (6), pp. 484-488Cohen, S., Blanco, L., Berman, L., Vertical 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Fuss, Z., Lustig, J., Ganor, Y., Kaffe, I., Radiographic features of vertically fractured, endodontically treated maxillary premolars (1999) Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod, 88 (3), pp. 348-352Nesari, R., Rossman, L.E., Kratchman, S.I., Cone-beam computed tomography in endodontics: Are we there yet (2009) Compend Contin Educ Dent, 30 (6), pp. 312-320Kamburoǧlu, K., Ilker Cebeci, A., Gröndahl, H.G., Effectiveness of limited cone-beam computed tomography in the detection of horizontal root fracture (2009) Dent Traumatol, 25 (3), pp. 256-261Mora, M.A., Mol, A., Tyndall, D.A., Rivera, E.M., In vitro assessment of local computed tomography for the detection of longitudinal tooth fractures (2007) Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod, 103 (6), pp. 825-829Hannig, C., Dullin, C., Hülsmann, M., Heidrich, G., Three-dimensional, non-destructive visualization of vertical root fractures using flat panel volume detector computer tomography: An ex vivoin vitro case report (2005) Int Endod J, 38 (12), pp. 904-913Nair, M.K., Nair, U.D.P., Gröndahl, H.G., Webber, R.L., Wallace, J.A., Detection of artificially induced vertical radicular fractures using tuned aperture computed tomography (2002) Eur J Oral Sci, 109 (6), pp. 375-379Varshosaz, M., Tavakoli, M.A., Mostafavi, M., Baghban, A.A., Comparison of conventional radiography with cone beam computed tomography for detection of vertical root fractures: An in vitro study (2010) J Oral Sci, 52 (4), pp. 593-597Bernardes, R.A., de Moraes, I.G., Húngaro Duarte, M.A., Azevedo, B.C., de Azevedo, J.R., Bramante, C.M., Use of cone-beam volumetric tomography in the diagnosis of root fractures (2009) Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod, 108 (2), pp. 270-277Hassan, B., Metska, M.E., Ozok, A.R., van der Stelt, P., Wesselink, P.R., Comparison of five cone beam computed tomography systems for the detection of vertical root fractures (2010) J Endod, 36 (1), pp. 126-129Valiozadeh, S., Khosravi, M., Azizi, Z., Diagnostic accuracy of conventional, digital and Cone Beam CT in vertical root fracture detection (2011) Iran Endod J, 6 (1), pp. 15-20Patel, S., Dawood, A., Wilson, R., Horner, K., Mannocci, F., The detection and management of root resorption lesions using intraoral radiography and cone beam computed tomography-an in vivo investigation (2009) Int Endod J, 42 (9), pp. 831-838Fuss, Z., Lustig, J., Katz, A., Tamse, A., An evaluation of endodontically treated vertical root fractured teeth: Impact of operative procedures (2001) J Endod, 27 (1), pp. 46-48Cotton, T.P., Geisler, T.M., Holden, D.T., Schwartz, S.A., Schindler, W.G., Endodontic applications of cone-beam volumetric tomography (2007) J Endod, 33 (9), pp. 1121-1132Patel, S., Dawood, A., Ford, T.P., Whaites, E., The potential applications of cone beam computed tomography in the management of endodontic problems (2007) Int Endod J, 40 (10), pp. 818-830Patel, S., Dawood, A., Whaites, E., Pitt Ford, T., New dimensions in endodontic imaging: Part 1.Conventional and alternative radiographic systems (2009) Int Endod J, 42 (6), pp. 447-462Rud, J., Omnell, K.A.K.E., Root fractures due to corrosion diagnostic aspects (1970) Eur J Oral Sci, 78 (1-4), pp. 397-403Tofangchiha, M., Adel, M., Bakhshi, M., Esfehani, M., Nazeman, P., Ghorbani Elizeyi, M., Digital radiography with computerized conventional monitors compared to medical monitors in vertical root fracture diagnosis (2013) Iran Endod J, 8 (1), pp. 14-17Shemesh, H., van Soest, G., Wu, M., Wesselink, P.R., Diagnosis of vertical root fractures with optical coherence tomography (2008) J Endod, 34 (6), pp. 739-742Zou, X., Liu, D., Yue, L., Wu, M., The ability of cone-beam computerized tomography to detect vertical root fractures in endodontically treated and nonendodontically treated teeth: A report of 3 cases (2011) Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod, 111 (6), pp. 797-801Edlund, M., Nair, M.K., Nair, U.P., Detection of vertical root fractures by using cone-beam computed tomography: A clinical study (2011) J Endod, 37 (6), pp. 768-772Katsumata, A., Hirukawa, A., Noujeim, M., Okumura, S., Naitoh, M., Fujishita, M., Ariji, E., Langlais, R.P., Image artifact in dental cone-beam CT (2006) Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod, 101 (5), pp. 652-657Soǧur, E., Baksi, B., Gröndahl, H.G., Imaging of root canal fillings: A comparison of subjective image quality between limited cone-beam CT, storage phosphor and film radiography (2007) Int Endod J, 40 (3), pp. 179-185Parirokh, M., Ardjomand, K., Manochehrifar, H., Artifacts in cone-beam computed tomography of a post and core restoration: A case report (2012) Iran Endod J, 7 (2), pp. 98-101(2011) Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod, 111 (2), pp. 234-237. , Use of cone-beam computed tomography in endodontics Joint Position Statement of the American Association of Endodontists and the American Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial RadiologyPatel, S., New dimensions in 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EXAMINATION OF THE TERRAIN EFFECT FOR TERRESTRIAL ALBEDO ESTIMATION VIA BRDF MODEL PARAMETERS

ISPRS Technical Commission III WG III/2, 10 Joint Workshop “Multidisciplinary Remote Sensing for Environmental Monitoring”, 12–14 March 2019, Kyoto, JapanIn this paper, we examine the effect of terrain on terrestrial albedo estimation. Terrestrial albedo is one of the most important parameters for understanding the global heat balance. The existing approach for estimating terrestrial albedo involves the estimation of model parameters of the bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) based on measurements obtained at different geometries. Then, narrowband albedos are estimated from the BRDF model parameters and the broadband albedo is finally estimated by narrowband-tobroadband conversion. Previous studies have not considered the terrain effect for generating the terrestrial albedo. Experiments using in situ measurements showed that the BRDF model, which transforms the geocoordinate of the reflectance of the shadowed terrain, generates the best accuracy. The improvement in the accuracy by the terrain effect correction is limited, and therefore further investigations using more in situ and simulated data are necessary for operational products

Delay of intracortical bone remodelling following a stress change: a theoretical and experimental study

BACKGROUND: A theoretical model and an experimental setup were specifically designed to identify and determine the delay of the cortical bone response (restricted to mineralization and demineralization) to a stress change. METHODS: The in vivo experiment considered two groups of rats: a running group and a control sedentary group. The running group rats were compelled to a running activity for 15 weeks, followed by a sedentary activity for 15 weeks. Bone density was derived from hardness measurements. The parameters of the remodelling theory, including the response delay and the remodelling rates, were determined from these experimental measurements. FINDINGS: Bone density increased significantly during the activity period, and decreased rapidly when rats returned to sedentary state. The identification of the model's parameters produced evolution curves that were within the limits of the standard deviation of the experimental data. The densification rate was lower than the resorption rate, and the densification delay was greater than bone resorption delay. INTERPRETATION: The delays determined with this macroscopic model are related to response delays due to biological internal processes in bone

Detraining effects on the mechanical properties and morphology of rat tibiae

To study bone adaptation to detraining in growing rats, nine weeks-old immature female Wistar rats (n=110) were subjected to treadmill running programs (30 or 60 minutes-a-day) for up to 15 weeks, followed by unrestricted cage activities for the subsequent 15 weeks. The results revealed that (1) the cross-sectional area and mechanical properties of the midshaft bone significantly increased in response to running exercise, (2) its structural properties remained unchanged after the cessation of exercise, whereas the material properties returned to control level at a relatively early stage, (3) in the metaphysis, cortical bone area remained unchanged but trabecular bone area decreased in response to running exercise, (4) both areas slightly increased after the cessation of exercise, and (5) the changes in the mechanical properties and morphology of bone depended upon the repetition number and/or the duration of exercise, and were larger with longer duration of exercise

A population biological model with a singular nonlinearity

summary:We consider the existence of positive solutions of the singular nonlinear semipositone problem of the form $$\begin {cases} -{\rm div}(|x|^{-\alpha p}|\nabla u|^{p-2}\nabla u)=|x|^{-(\alpha +1)p+\beta } \Big (a u^{p-1}-f(u)-\dfrac {c}{u^{\gamma }}\Big ), \quad x\in \Omega ,\\ u=0, \quad x\in \partial \Omega , \end {cases}$$ where $\Omega$ is a bounded smooth domain of ${\mathbb R}^N$ with $0\in \Omega$, $1<p<N$, $0\leq \alpha < {(N-p)}/{p}$, $\gamma \in (0,1)$, and $a$, $\beta$, $c$ and $\lambda$ are positive parameters. Here $f\colon [0,\infty )\to {\mathbb R}$ is a continuous function. This model arises in the studies of population biology of one species with $u$ representing the concentration of the species. We discuss the existence of a positive solution when $f$ satisfies certain additional conditions. We use the method of sub-supersolutions to establish our results

Pathogenic Mouse Hepatitis Virus or Poly(I:C) Induce IL-33 in Hepatocytes in Murine Models of Hepatitis.

International audienceThe IL-33/ST2 axis is known to be involved in liver pathologies. Although, the IL-33 levels increased in sera of viral hepatitis patients in human, the cellular sources of IL-33 in viral hepatitis remained obscure. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the expression of IL-33 in murine fulminant hepatitis induced by a Toll like receptor (TLR3) viral mimetic, poly(I:C) or by pathogenic mouse hepatitis virus (L2-MHV3). The administration of poly(I:C) plus D-galactosamine (D-GalN) in mice led to acute liver injury associated with the induction of IL-33 expression in liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC) and vascular endothelial cells (VEC), while the administration of poly(I:C) alone led to hepatocyte specific IL-33 expression in addition to vascular IL-33 expression. The hepatocyte-specific IL-33 expression was down-regulated in NK-depleted poly(I:C) treated mice suggesting a partial regulation of IL-33 by NK cells. The CD1d KO (NKT deficient) mice showed hepatoprotection against poly(I:C)-induced hepatitis in association with increased number of IL-33 expressing hepatocytes in CD1d KO mice than WT controls. These results suggest that hepatocyte-specific IL-33 expression in poly(I:C) induced liver injury was partially dependent of NK cells and with limited role of NKT cells. In parallel, the L2-MHV3 infection in mice induced fulminant hepatitis associated with up-regulated IL-33 expression as well as pro-inflammatory cytokine microenvironment in liver. The LSEC and VEC expressed inducible expression of IL-33 following L2-MHV3 infection but the hepatocyte-specific IL-33 expression was only evident between 24 to 32h of post infection. In conclusion, the alarmin cytokine IL-33 was over-expressed during fulminant hepatitis in mice with LSEC, VEC and hepatocytes as potential sources of IL-33

Malignant inflammation in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: a hostile takeover

Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL) are characterized by the presence of chronically inflamed skin lesions containing malignant T cells. Early disease presents as limited skin patches or plaques and exhibits an indolent behavior. For many patients, the disease never progresses beyond this stage, but in approximately one third of patients, the disease becomes progressive, and the skin lesions start to expand and evolve. Eventually, overt tumors develop and the malignant T cells may disseminate to the blood, lymph nodes, bone marrow, and visceral organs, often with a fatal outcome. The transition from early indolent to progressive and advanced disease is accompanied by a significant shift in the nature of the tumor-associated inflammation. This shift does not appear to be an epiphenomenon but rather a critical step in disease progression. Emerging evidence supports that the malignant T cells take control of the inflammatory environment, suppressing cellular immunity and anti-tumor responses while promoting a chronic inflammatory milieu that fuels their own expansion. Here, we review the inflammatory changes associated with disease progression in CTCL and point to their wider relevance in other cancer contexts. We further define the term "malignant inflammation" as a pro-tumorigenic inflammatory environment orchestrated by the tumor cells and discuss some of the mechanisms driving the development of malignant inflammation in CTCL

Global patterns of care in advanced stage mycosis fungoides/Sezary syndrome: a multicenter retrospective follow-up study from the Cutaneous Lymphoma International Consortium

ABSTRACT Background Advanced-stage mycosis fungoides (MF)/Sezary syndrome (SS) patients are weighted by an unfavorable prognosis and share an unmet clinical need of effective treatments. International guidelines are available detailing treatment options for the different stages but without recommending treatments in any particular order due to lack of comparative trials. The aims of this second CLIC study were to retrospectively analyze the pattern of care worldwide for advanced-stage MF/SS patients, the distribution of treatments according to geographical areas (USA versus non-USA), and whether the heterogeneity of approaches has potential impact on survival. Patients and methods This study included 853 patients from 21 specialist centers (14 European, 4 USA, 1 each Australian, Brazilian, and Japanese). Results Heterogeneity of treatment approaches was found, with up to 24 different modalities or combinations used as first-line and 36% of patients receiving four or more treatments. Stage IIB disease was most frequently treated by total-skin-electron-beam radiotherapy, bexarotene and gemcitabine; erythrodermic and SS patients by extracorporeal photochemotherapy, and stage IVA2 by polychemotherapy. Significant differences were found between USA and non-USA centers, with bexarotene, photopheresis and histone deacetylase inhibitors most frequently prescribed for first-line treatment in USA while phototherapy, interferon, chlorambucil and gemcitabine in non-USA centers. These differences did not significantly impact on survival. However, when considering death and therapy change as competing risk events and the impact of first treatment line on both events, both monochemotherapy (SHR = 2.07) and polychemotherapy (SHR = 1.69) showed elevated relative risks. Conclusion This large multicenter retrospective study shows that there exist a large treatment heterogeneity in advanced MF/SS and differences between USA and non-USA centers but these were not related to survival, while our data reveal that chemotherapy as first treatment is associated with a higher risk of death and/or change of therapy and thus other therapeutic options should be preferable as first treatment approach