Methane flux from created marshes: Effects of intermittent vs. continuous inundation and emergent macrophytes

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Nitrous oxide fluxes and denitrification in created wetlands receiving hydrological pulses

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F-monoids

A semigroup $S$ is called $F-monoid$ if $S$ has an identity and if there exists a group congruence $\rho$ on $S$ such that each $\rho$-class of $S$ contains a greatest element with respect to the natural partial order of $S$ (see Mitsch, 1986). Generalizing results given in Giraldes et al. (2004) and specializing some of Giraldes et al. (Submitted) five characterizations of such monoids $S$ are provided. Three unary operations $\star$, $\circ$ and $-$ on $S$ defined by means of the greatest elements in the different $\rho$-classes of $S$ are studied. Using their properties, a charaterization of $F$-monoids $S$ by their regular part $S^\circ=\{a^\circ:a\in S\}$ and the associates of elements in $S^\circ$ is given. Under the hypothesis that $S^\star=\{a^\star:a\in S\}$ is a subsemigroup it is shown that $S$ is regular, whence of a known structure (see Giraldes et al., 2004).Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT

F −semigroups

A semigroup S is called F−semigroup if there exists a group congruence ρ on S such that every ρ −class contains a greatest element with respect to the natural partial order ≤ of S . This generalizes the concept of F−inverse semigroups introduced by V. Wagner in 1961 and investigated by McFadden and O’Caroll in 1971. Five different characterisations of general F−semigroups S are given: by means of residuals, by special principal anticones, by properties of the set of idempotents, by the maximal elements in (S, ≤) and finally, an axiomatic one using an additional unary operation. Also, F−semigroups in special classes are considered; in particular, inflations of semigroups and strong semi- lattices of monoids are studied.Centro de Matemática da Universidade do MinhoFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT

Generalised F-semigroups

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Biogeochemical patterns of created riparian wetlands: Twelfth-year results (2005)

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Dispersive Optical Interface Based on Nanofiber-Trapped Atoms

We dispersively interface an ensemble of one thousand atoms trapped in the evanescent field surrounding a tapered optical nanofiber. This method relies on the azimuthally-asymmetric coupling of the ensemble with the evanescent field of an off-resonant probe beam, transmitted through the nanofiber. The resulting birefringence and dispersion are significant; we observe a phase shift per atom of $\sim$\,1\,mrad at a detuning of six times the natural linewidth, corresponding to an effective resonant optical density per atom of 0.027. Moreover, we utilize this strong dispersion to non-destructively determine the number of atoms.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure