Simulation-based Design of In-Plane Switching Liquid Crystalline Display Pixels

Liquid crystal displays (LCDs) constitute an important class of modern display tech- nologies. Their light-weight nature, coupled with their favourable power consumption char- acteristics make them useful in applications ranging from large area projection displays to small electronic devices such as digital watches and calculators. Despite being the market leader in the display industry, traditional configurations of LCDs suffer from serious drawbacks such as having a very narrow viewing cone. Newer configurations of LCDs, however, employ the in-plane switching (IPS) mode and its deriva- tives. These provide a much wider viewing cone with lower degradation of image quality as one moves off the central axis. IPS pixels have a unique configuration as they contain the electrodes on only one side of the domain. The electrodes are arranged in an interdigitated pattern and produce an electric field that varies periodically in space parallel to the substrates and decays exponentially in space along the through-plane direction. The highly non-homogeneous nature of the electric field makes the simulation of the electric field within an IPS domain more challenging as a minimum of two dimensions is needed to model the electric field with sufficient accuracy, in contrast to the electric field in the twisted nematic (TN) mode that may be modelled in only one dimension. Traditional approaches have employed an iterative technique wherein the Gauss law equations are solved for a pre-determined director configuration and the electric field thus obtained is employed to calculate the new director configuration over the domain. The iterations are continued till convergence is attained. Our method involves calculating the electric field by means of a semi-analytical expres- sion for an electric field produced by interdigitated electrodes and using this expression to calculate the domain configuration. This methodology is advantageous in terms of computational time and effort as it gives a possible way to do away with the back and forth iterations involving the dynamic equations and the Gauss’ law equations. In this work, we attempt to look at dynamic characteristics of the liquid crystalline domain in an IPS-LCD. Metrics were evolved to quantify the deformation in the domain. Finally, these metrics were used to examine the dependence of the equilibrium orientation on the domain thickness, electrode width, electrode spacing and electric voltage applied. The results show good match with the trends that can be expected from theoretical considerations. The variation of the domain deformation characteristics with the change in the geometric and physical parameters is along expected lines. For instance, increasing the voltage results in the domain getting deformed to a much greater extent and the defor- mation to penetrate deep within the domain. A greater pixel depth with the same values of the other parameters results in more of the domain staying undeformed as the electric field only penetrates upto a fixed distance into the domain. Increase in the electrode spac- ing was not found to make a significant contribution to the deformation while increasing the width of the electrodes increases the area affected by the electric field and thus, this increases the overall deformation. To conclude, the framework provided here is a valid first step in evolving a complete software package to model deformation characteristics of an LCD pixel. The code is flexible enough to accommodate different LCD configurations and thus, may be used to model a variety of other LCD configurations also. A parallel development of an optics code using a matrix based method may be used to model the propagation of light through the domain and this may be added very easily on top of the existing framework to create a complete package for analysing the electro-optical properties of the LCD

Analisis Pengaruh Variabel Makro Ekonomi Terhadap Kinerja Keuangan Bank Syariah Di Indonesia (Periode Tahun 2007–2013)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana variabel makro ekonomi (inflasi, suku bunga, jumlah uang beredar, dan pendapatan nasional) mempengaruhi kinerja keuangan bank syariah (ROA, ROE, dan NPF) di Indonesia pada periode Januari 2007– Desember 2013. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah Bank Umum Syariah (BUS) dan Unit Usaha Syariah (UUS) yang beroperasi di Indonesia pada periode tahun 2007–2013. Data yang dipergunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder time series bulanan yaitu dari bulan Januari 2007 sampai dengan bulan Desember 2013. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara simultan variabel makro ekonomi yang meliputi inflasi, suku bunga, jumlah uang beredar dan ROA bulan sebelumnya berpengaruh signifikan terhadap ROA bank syariah di Indonesia. Sedangkan secara parsial, kecuali ROA bulan sebelumnya, semua variabel makro ekonomi tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap ROA. Secara simultan semua variabel makro ekonomi dalam penelitian ini dan ROE bulan sebelumnya juga berpengaruh signifikan terhadap ROE bank syariah di Indonesia. Secara parsial hanya suku bunga yang tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap ROE. Untuk NPF, secara simultan semua variabel makro ekonomi dan NPF bulan sebelumnya berpengaruh signifikan terhadap NPF bank syariah di Indonesia. Secara parsial hanya suku bunga yang tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap NPF

PERANCANGAN SENI PATUNG LANDSCAPE ECO-CULTURE DESA WISATA SELOREJO DAU MALANG MELALUI PROGRAM KEMITRAAN DESA

Program kegiatan kemitraan desa wisata Selorejo Dau Malang, oleh tim PPDM 2020 LP2M UM bertujuan untuk membantu masyarakat dalam perancangan ikon visual berupa seni Patung landscape bertema selamat datang di kawasan desa wisata Selorejo . Sehingga dapat menambah daya tarik wisatawan. Metode realisasi program meliputi persiapan kegiatan, pelaksanaan kegiatan kreatif perancangan dan pembutan karya patung, evaluasi kegiatan, dan penyimpulan akhir kegiatan. (1) Proses persiapan meliputi koordinasi tim bersama mitra pengguna guna menghasilkan konsep dan rancangan patung landscafe, serta persiapan bahan dan peralatan. (2) Melaksanakan kegiatan proses pembuatan patung landscape. Yakni merumuskan konsep kegiatan, melaksanakan proses pembuatan rancangan gambar desain, pembuatan elemen-ellmen visual pendukung, menentukan bentuk, mewujudkan rancangan menjadi bentuk patung landscape di lokasi desa wisata. (3) Analisis hasil kreasi seni patung. Kegiatan menghasilkan satu set seni patung landscape didisplay di bumi perkemahan Selorejo Lestari. Patung tersebut berbentuk sosok figur seorang Laki-laki dewasa bersama anaknya sedang berdiri di atas pedestal, dengan membawa setangkai ranting pohon jeruk

The Kolkata Paise Restaurant Problem and Resource Utilization

We study the dynamics of the "Kolkata Paise Restaurant problem". The problem is the following: In each period, N agents have to choose between N restaurants. Agents have a common ranking of the restaurants. Restaurants can only serve one customer. When more than one customer arrives at the same restaurant, one customer is chosen at random and is served; the others do not get the service. We first introduce the one-shot versions of the Kolkata Paise Restaurant problem which we call one-shot KPR games. We then study the dynamics of the Kolkata Paise Restaurant problem (which is a repeated game version of any given one shot KPR game) for large N. For statistical analysis, we explore the long time steady state behavior. In many such models with myopic agents we get under-utilization of resources, that is, we get a lower aggregate payoff compared to the social optimum. We study a number of myopic strategies, focusing on the average occupation fraction of restaurants.Comment: revtex4, 8 pages, 3 figs, accepted in Physica

Magnetodielectric effect in nickel nanosheet-Na-4 mica composites

Nickel nanosheets of thickness 0.6 nm were grown within the nanochannels of Na-4 mica template. The specimens show magnetodielectric effect at room temperature with a change of dielectric constant as a function of magnetic field, the electric field frequency varying from 100 to 700 kHz. A decrease of 5% in the value of dielectric constant was observed up to a field of 1.2 Tesla. This is explained by an inhomogeneous two-component composite model as theoretically proposed recently. The present approach will open up synthesis of various nanocomposites for sensor applications.Comment: 11 pages, 7 figure

Enhanced magnetic anisotropy of Nickel nanosheet prepared in Na-4 mica

Nanosheets of nickel with thickness equal to 0.6 nm have been grown within the interlayer spaces of Na-4 mica. The sheets are made up of percolative clusters of nanodisks. Magnetization characteristics indicate a superparamagnetic behavior with a blocking temperature of 428 K.The magnetic anisotropy constant as extracted from the coercivity data has been found to be higher than that of bulk nickel by two orders of magnitude. This is ascribed to a large aspect ratio of the nickel nanophase. The Bloch exponent is also found to be considerably different from that of bulk nickel because of a size effect. The Bloch Equation is still found to be valid for the two dimensional structures.Comment: 14 pages, 9 figure

The Aspergillus Flavus Homeobox Gene, HBX1, Is Required for Development and Aflatoxin Production

Homeobox proteins, a class of well conserved transcription factors, regulate the expression of targeted genes, especially those involved in development. In filamentous fungi, homeobox genes are required for normal conidiogenesis and fruiting body formation. In the present study, we identified eight homeobox (hbx) genes in the aflatoxin-producing ascomycete, Aspergillus flavus, and determined their respective role in growth, conidiation and sclerotial production. Disruption of seven of the eight genes had little to no effect on fungal growth and development. However, disruption of the homeobox gene AFLA_069100, designated as hbx1, in two morphologically different A. flavus strains, CA14 and AF70, resulted in complete loss of production of conidia and sclerotia as well as aflatoxins B1 and B2, cyclopiazonic acid and aflatrem. Microscopic examination showed that the ∆hbx1 mutants did not produce conidiophores. The inability of ∆hbx1 mutants to produce conidia was related to downregulation of brlA (bristle) and abaA (abacus), regulatory genes for conidiophore development. These mutants also had significant downregulation of the aflatoxin pathway biosynthetic genes aflC, aflD, aflM and the cluster-specific regulatory gene, aflR. Our results demonstrate that hbx1 not only plays a significant role in controlling A. flavus development but is also critical for the production of secondary metabolites, such as aflatoxins