Apple Cider Vinegar Weight Loss Drinks: Portrayal on Pinterest

Apple cider vinegar has shown great promise for weight loss in controlled lab settings, yet these claims are widely shared on social media and may not yield the same benefits. This study used directed content analysis to examine how apple cider vinegar weight loss drinks were portrayed on Pinterest, a social media website utilized to bookmark online content. Using the search terms “apple cider vinegar weight loss drinks,” researchers sampled every fifth pin to collect 200 relevant pins. A codebook was developed, pilot tested and used to code pins. Of the 200 pins, the majority of pins (66%) positively portrayed the effectiveness of apple cider vinegar drinks for weight loss, and 36% contained images of a drink. 60% of pins made weight-loss claims for specific pounds lost; however, most of those pins did not present a particular number of pounds that an individual will lose from drinking apple cider vinegar. Also, a time frame for weight loss promised was only present in 15% of pins. In this sample of pins, 6% of pins had comments. Social media is a powerful source of health information. However, this study demonstrated evidence of the propagation of misleading and potentially dangerous weight loss methods. This study revealed widespread interest and acceptance of insufficient weight loss drink information

Apple Cider Vinegar Weight Loss Drinks on Pinterest

Background: More than a third of adults in the U.S. are currently trying to lose weight. Social media, specifically Pinterest with more than 322 million users, has changed the way people seek health information specifically weight loss. Apple cider vinegar has shown great promise for weight loss in controlled lab settings, yet these claims are widely shared on social media and may not yield the same benefits. Purpose: This study used directed content analysis to examine how apple cider vinegar weight loss drinks were portrayed on Pinterest, a social media website used to bookmark online content. Methods: Using the search terms, “apple cider vinegar weight loss drinks,” researchers sampled every fifth pin to collect 200 relevant pins. A codebook was developed, pilot tested, and used to code pins. Results: Of the 200 pins, the majority of pins (66%) positively portrayed the effectiveness of apple cider vinegar drinks for weight loss, and 36% contained images of a drink. Weight loss claims for specific pounds lost were made in 60% of pins, however the majority of those pins did not present a specific number of pounds that will be lost from drinking apple cider vinegar. In addition, a time frame for weight loss promised was only present in 15% of pins. In this sample of pins, 6% of pins had comments. Conclusions: Social media is a powerful source of health information, however, there is evidence of misleading and potentially dangerous weight loss methods being propagated. This study revealed widespread interest and acceptance of insufficient weight loss drink information

Application of multiple testing procedures for identifying relevant comorbidities, from a large set, in traumatic brain injury for research applications utilizing big health-administrative data

Background: Multiple testing procedures (MTP) are gaining increasing popularity in various fields of biostatistics, especially in statistical genetics. However, in injury surveillance research utilizing the growing amount and complexity of health-administrative data encoded in the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision (ICD-10), few studies involve MTP and discuss their applications and challenges. Objective: We aimed to apply MTP in the population-wide context of comorbidity preceding traumatic brain injury (TBI), one of the most disabling injuries, to find a subset of comorbidity that can be targeted in primary injury prevention. Methods: In total, 2,600 ICD-10 codes were used to assess the associations between TBI and comorbidity, with 235,003 TBI patients, on a matched data set of patients without TBI. McNemar tests were conducted on each 2,600 ICD-10 code, and appropriate multiple testing adjustments were applied using the Benjamini-Yekutieli procedure. To study the magnitude and direction of associations, odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were constructed. Results: Benjamini-Yekutieli procedure captured 684 ICD-10 codes, out of 2,600, as codes positively associated with a TBI event, reducing the effective number of codes for subsequent analysis and comprehension. Conclusion: Our results illustrate the utility of MTP for data mining and dimension reduction in TBI research utilizing big health-administrative data to support injury surveillance research and generate ideas for injury prevention. Copyright © 2022 Jana, Sutton, Mollayeva, Chan, Colantonio and Escobar

NRASQ61K melanoma tumor formation is reduced by p38-MAPK14 activation in zebrafish models and NRAS-mutated human melanoma cells.

Oncogenic BRAF and NRAS mutations drive human melanoma initiation. We used transgenic zebrafish to model NRAS mutant melanoma and the rapid tumor onset allowed us to study candidate tumor suppressors. We identified P38α-MAPK14 as a potential tumor suppressor in The Cancer Genome Atlas melanoma cohort of NRAS mutant melanomas, and overexpression significantly increased the time to tumor onset in transgenic zebrafish with NRAS-driven melanoma. Pharmacological activation of P38α-MAPK14 using anisomycin reduced in vitro viability of melanoma cultures, which we confirmed by stable overexpression of p38α. We observed that the viability of MEK-inhibitor resistant melanoma cells could be reduced by combined treatment of anisomycin and MEK-inhibition. Our study demonstrates that activating the p38α-MAPK14 pathway in the presence of oncogenic NRAS abrogates melanoma in vitro and in vivo.This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 432 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 641458. The 433 work carried out at the University of Edinburgh was partly funded by EEP, MRC HGU Programme 434 (MC_UU_00007/9), European Research Council (ZF-MEL-CHEMBIO-648489), and L'Oreal-Melanoma 435 Research Alliance (401181)

Coordination of glioblastoma cell motility by PKCι

Abstract Background Glioblastoma is one of the deadliest forms of cancer, in part because of its highly invasive nature. The tumor suppressor PTEN is frequently mutated in glioblastoma and is known to contribute to the invasive phenotype. However the downstream events that promote invasion are not fully understood. PTEN loss leads to activation of the atypical protein kinase C, PKCι. We have previously shown that PKCι is required for glioblastoma cell invasion, primarily by enhancing cell motility. Here we have used time-lapse videomicroscopy to more precisely define the role of PKCι in glioblastoma. Results Glioblastoma cells in which PKCι was either depleted by shRNA or inhibited pharmacologically were unable to coordinate the formation of a single leading edge lamellipod. Instead, some cells generated multiple small, short-lived protrusions while others generated a diffuse leading edge that formed around the entire circumference of the cell. Confocal microscopy showed that this behavior was associated with altered behavior of the cytoskeletal protein Lgl, which is known to be inactivated by PKCι phosphorylation. Lgl in control cells localized to the lamellipod leading edge and did not associate with its binding partner non-muscle myosin II, consistent with it being in an inactive state. In PKCι-depleted cells, Lgl was concentrated at multiple sites at the periphery of the cell and remained in association with non-muscle myosin II. Videomicroscopy also identified a novel role for PKCι in the cell cycle. Cells in which PKCι was either depleted by shRNA or inhibited pharmacologically entered mitosis normally, but showed marked delays in completing mitosis. Conclusions PKCι promotes glioblastoma motility by coordinating the formation of a single leading edge lamellipod and has a role in remodeling the cytoskeleton at the lamellipod leading edge, promoting the dissociation of Lgl from non-muscle myosin II. In addition PKCι is required for the transition of glioblastoma cells through mitosis. PKCι therefore has a role in both glioblastoma invasion and proliferation, two key aspects in the malignant nature of this disease

NRASQ61K melanoma tumor formation is reduced by p38-MAPK14 activation in zebrafish models and NRAS-mutated human melanoma cells.

Oncogenic BRAF and NRAS mutations drive human melanoma initiation. We used transgenic zebrafish to model NRAS mutant melanoma and the rapid tumor onset allowed us to study candidate tumor suppressors. We identified P38α-MAPK14 as a potential tumor suppressor in The Cancer Genome Atlas melanoma cohort of NRAS mutant melanomas, and overexpression significantly increased the time to tumor onset in transgenic zebrafish with NRAS-driven melanoma. Pharmacological activation of P38α-MAPK14 using anisomycin reduced in vitro viability of melanoma cultures, which we confirmed by stable overexpression of p38α. We observed that the viability of MEK-inhibitor resistant melanoma cells could be reduced by combined treatment of anisomycin and MEK-inhibition. Our study demonstrates that activating the p38α-MAPK14 pathway in the presence of oncogenic NRAS abrogates melanoma in vitro and in vivo.This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 432 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 641458. The 433 work carried out at the University of Edinburgh was partly funded by EEP, MRC HGU Programme 434 (MC_UU_00007/9), European Research Council (ZF-MEL-CHEMBIO-648489), and L'Oreal-Melanoma 435 Research Alliance (401181)

Quantifying feedback from narrow line region outflows in nearby active galaxies II. Spatially resolved mass outflow rates for the QSO2 Markarian 34

We present spatially resolved mass outflow rate measurements (M˙ out) for the narrow line region of Markarian 34, the nearest Compton-thick type 2 quasar (QSO2). Spectra obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope and at Apache Point Observatory reveal complex kinematics, with distinct signatures of outflow and rotation within 2 kpc of the nucleus. Using multi-component photoionization models, we find that the outflow contains a total ionized gas mass of M≈1.6×106Me. Combining this with the kinematics yields a peak outflow rate of M˙ out » 2.0 0.4 Me yr−1 at a distance of 470 pc from the nucleus, with a spatially integrated kinetic energy of E≈1.4×1055 erg. These outflows are more energetic than those observed in Mrk 573 and NGC 4151, supporting a correlation between luminosity and outflow strength even though they have similar peak outflow rates. The mix of rotational and outflowing components suggests that spatially resolved observations are required to determine accurate outflow parameters in systems with complex kinematics

Distinct Neurotoxicity Profile of Listeriolysin O from Listeria monocytogenes

Cholesterol-dependent cytolysins (CDCs) are protein toxins that originate from Gram-positive bacteria and contribute substantially to their pathogenicity. CDCs bind membrane cholesterol and build prepores and lytic pores. Some effects of the toxins are observed in non-lytic concentrations. Two pathogens, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Listeria monocytogenes, cause fatal bacterial meningitis, and both produce toxins of the CDC family—pneumolysin and listeriolysin O, respectively. It has been demonstrated that pneumolysin produces dendritic varicosities (dendrite swellings) and dendritic spine collapse in the mouse neocortex, followed by synaptic loss and astrocyte cell shape remodeling without elevated cell death. We utilized primary glial cultures and acute mouse brain slices to examine the neuropathological effects of listeriolysin O and to compare it to pneumolysin with identical hemolytic activity. In cultures, listeriolysin O permeabilized cells slower than pneumolysin did but still initiated non-lytic astrocytic cell shape changes, just as pneumolysin did. In an acute brain slice culture system, listeriolysin O produced dendritic varicosities in an NMDA-dependent manner but failed to cause dendritic spine collapse and cortical astrocyte reorganization. Thus, listeriolysin O demonstrated slower cell permeabilization and milder glial cell remodeling ability than did pneumolysin and lacked dendritic spine collapse capacity but exhibited equivalent dendritic pathology