The Appeal of British Sociology; a View from Outside and Inside

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Kopuły historyczne a metody konserwacji drewna

The paper collates various solutions of the structural systems of historical domes made from solid wood by arranging them into a typological series including domes of a span from several up to 67.0 metres of the horizontal projection’s diameter. Many of them were destroyed in fires or out of human ignorance. Preservation methods, in which modern materials and technologies appear, determine the wood durability in a construction. Through using the analogy of wood structure to fibrous composites, the reduction in the carrying capacity of compressed wooden bars due to a damage of parenchymatous cells (as a visco-elastic matrix) in consequence of having applied improper preservation methods and preparations was discussed. The selection criterion of thermo-insulating materials embedded in a close vicinity of wood was formulated. The materials of a constant coefficient within the range of natural variations of the moisture content of ceilings and roofs were recommended. The materials of full, not absorbable fibres, such as rock wool and glass wool, do not meet this criterion.W artykule zestawiono różne rozwiązania systemów konstrukcyjnych historycznych kopuł z drewna litego układając je w typologiczny szereg obejmujący kopuły o rozpiętości od kilku do 67,0 metrów średnicy rzutu poziomego. Wiele z nich uległo zniszczeniu w pożarach wywołanych wojnami lub przez ludzką ignorancję. O trwałości drewna w konstrukcji decydują również metody konserwacji, w które coraz częściej wkraczają współczesne materiały i technologie. Wykorzystując analogię budowy drewna do kompozytów włóknistych omówiono zmniejszenie nośności ściskanych prętów z drewna z powodu uszkodzenia komórek miękiszowych (jako lepko-sprężystej matrycy) na skutek zastosowania niewłaściwych metod i preparatów w konserwacji. Sformułowano kryterium wyboru materiałów termoizolacyjnych wbudowywanych w bliskim sąsiedztwie drewna. Zarekomendowano materiały o stałym współczynniku w przedziale naturalnych zmian wilgotności stropów i dachów. Materiały o pełnych, nie nasiąkliwych włóknach, takie jak wełna mineralna i wata szklana nie spełniają tego kryterium

South Saami Cultural Landscape Under Pressure

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Weld Joints Inspection Using Multisource Data and Image Fusion

The problem of inspecting weld joints is very complex, especially in critical parts of machines and vehicles. The welded joint is typically inspected visually, chemically or using radiography imaging. The flaw detection is a task for specialized personnel who analyze all the data on each stage of the inspection process separately. The inspection is prone to human error, and is labor intensive. In the stages of weld joint visual control geometrical measurements are performed, joint alignment, straightness, deformation, as well as the weld\u27s uniformity. Coloration my show the heat impact zone, and melted parts of the base material. Also during this stage the unwanted cracks, pores and other surface defects can be spotted. On the other side during the X-ray inspection other flaws can be discovered. Pores, cracks, lack of penetration and slag inclusions can be observed. The author’s goal was to develop a multisource data system of easier flaw detection, and possibly inspection process automation. The methods consisted of three image sources: X-ray, laser profilometer, and imaging camera. The proposed approach consists combining spatial information in the acquired data from all sources. A novel approach of data mixing is proposed to benefit from all the information. The signal form the profilometer enables geometrical information extraction. Deformation and alignment error assessment. The radiogram provides information about the hidden flaws. The color image gives information about texture and color of the surface as well as helps in combining multiple sources

Understanding young people's transitions in university halls through space and time

This article contributes to the theoretical discussion about young people's transitions through space and time. Space and time are complex overarching concepts that have creative potential in deepening understanding of transition. The focus of this research is young people's experiences of communal living in university halls. It is argued that particular space-time concepts draw attention to different facets of experience and in combination deepen the understanding of young people's individual and collective transitions. The focus of the article is the uses of the space-time concepts 'routine', 'representation', 'rhythm' and 'ritual' to research young people's experiences. The article draws on research findings from two studies in the North of England. © 2010 SAGE Publications

Visual consumption, collective memory and the representation of war

Conceiving of the visual as a significant force in the production and dissemination of collective memory, we argue that a new genre of World War Two films has recently emerged that form part of a new discursive “regime of memory” about the war and those that fought and lived through it, constituting a commemoration as much about reflecting on the present as it is about remembering the past. First, we argue that these films seek to reaffirm a (particular conception of a) US national identity and military patriotism in the post–Cold War era by importing World War Two as the key meta‐narrative of America’s relationship to war in order to “correct” and help “erase” Vietnam’s more negative discursive rendering. Second, we argue that these films attempt to rewrite the history of World War Two by elevating and illuminating the role of the US at the expense of the Allies, further serving to reaffirm America’s position of political and military dominance in the current age, and third, that these films form part of a celebration of the generation that fought World War Two, which may accord them a position of nostalgic and sentimental greatness, as their collective spirit and notions of duty and service shine against the foil of what might frequently be seen as our own present moral ambivalence

Effect of Hydrocortisone on Mortality and Organ Support in Patients With Severe COVID-19: The REMAP-CAP COVID-19 Corticosteroid Domain Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Evidence regarding corticosteroid use for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is limited. Objective: To determine whether hydrocortisone improves outcome for patients with severe COVID-19. Design, Setting, and Participants: An ongoing adaptive platform trial testing multiple interventions within multiple therapeutic domains, for example, antiviral agents, corticosteroids, or immunoglobulin. Between March 9 and June 17, 2020, 614 adult patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 were enrolled and randomized within at least 1 domain following admission to an intensive care unit (ICU) for respiratory or cardiovascular organ support at 121 sites in 8 countries. Of these, 403 were randomized to open-label interventions within the corticosteroid domain. The domain was halted after results from another trial were released. Follow-up ended August 12, 2020. Interventions: The corticosteroid domain randomized participants to a fixed 7-day course of intravenous hydrocortisone (50 mg or 100 mg every 6 hours) (n = 143), a shock-dependent course (50 mg every 6 hours when shock was clinically evident) (n = 152), or no hydrocortisone (n = 108). Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary end point was organ support-free days (days alive and free of ICU-based respiratory or cardiovascular support) within 21 days, where patients who died were assigned -1 day. The primary analysis was a bayesian cumulative logistic model that included all patients enrolled with severe COVID-19, adjusting for age, sex, site, region, time, assignment to interventions within other domains, and domain and intervention eligibility. Superiority was defined as the posterior probability of an odds ratio greater than 1 (threshold for trial conclusion of superiority >99%). Results: After excluding 19 participants who withdrew consent, there were 384 patients (mean age, 60 years; 29% female) randomized to the fixed-dose (n = 137), shock-dependent (n = 146), and no (n = 101) hydrocortisone groups; 379 (99%) completed the study and were included in the analysis. The mean age for the 3 groups ranged between 59.5 and 60.4 years; most patients were male (range, 70.6%-71.5%); mean body mass index ranged between 29.7 and 30.9; and patients receiving mechanical ventilation ranged between 50.0% and 63.5%. For the fixed-dose, shock-dependent, and no hydrocortisone groups, respectively, the median organ support-free days were 0 (IQR, -1 to 15), 0 (IQR, -1 to 13), and 0 (-1 to 11) days (composed of 30%, 26%, and 33% mortality rates and 11.5, 9.5, and 6 median organ support-free days among survivors). The median adjusted odds ratio and bayesian probability of superiority were 1.43 (95% credible interval, 0.91-2.27) and 93% for fixed-dose hydrocortisone, respectively, and were 1.22 (95% credible interval, 0.76-1.94) and 80% for shock-dependent hydrocortisone compared with no hydrocortisone. Serious adverse events were reported in 4 (3%), 5 (3%), and 1 (1%) patients in the fixed-dose, shock-dependent, and no hydrocortisone groups, respectively. Conclusions and Relevance: Among patients with severe COVID-19, treatment with a 7-day fixed-dose course of hydrocortisone or shock-dependent dosing of hydrocortisone, compared with no hydrocortisone, resulted in 93% and 80% probabilities of superiority with regard to the odds of improvement in organ support-free days within 21 days. However, the trial was stopped early and no treatment strategy met prespecified criteria for statistical superiority, precluding definitive conclusions. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02735707

Assimilation—On (Not) Turning White: Memory and the Narration of the Postwar History of Japanese Canadians in Southern Alberta

This essay explores understandings of “race” – specifically, what it means to be Japanese – of nisei (“second generation”) individuals who acknowledge their near complete assimilation structurally and normatively into the Canadian mainstream. In historically-contextualized analyses of memory fragments from oral-history interviews conducted between 2011-2017, it focusses on voices and experiences of southern Alberta, an area whose significance to local, national, continental, and trans-Pacific histories of people of Japanese descent is belied by a lack of dedicated scholarly attention. In this light, this essay reveals how the fact of being Japanese in the latter half of the twentieth century was strategically central to nisei lives as individuals and in their communities. In imagining a racial hierarchy whose apex they knew they could never share with the hakujin (whites), the racial heritage they nevertheless inherited and would bequeath could be so potent as to reverse the direction of the colonial gaze with empowering effects in individual engagements then and as remembered now. We see how the narration and validation of one’s life is the navigation of wider historical contexts, the shaping of the post-colonial legacy of Imperial cultures, as Britain and Japan withdrew from their erstwhile colonial projects in Canada