Cytotoxic Effect of Turkish Propolis on Liver, Colon, Breast, Cervix and Prostate Cancer Cell Lines

Purpose: To investigate the total polyphenolic and flavonoid contents, antioxidant power and cytotoxic activity of ethanol extracts of Turkish propolis (EEP).Methods: The total polyphenolic and flavonoid contents of EEP were determined by spectrometric methods. Antioxidant power and cytotoxic activity of EEP were evaluated using ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and MTT assays, respectively.Results: The total polyphenolic and flavonoid contents, and FRAP value of EEP were 124.6 ± 1.5 mg gallic acid/g sample dry weight , 42.0 ± 0.8 mg quercetin/g sample dry weight and 311.0 ± 2.5 mg trolox/g sample dry weight, respectively. EEP exhibited powerful cytotoxic effects against the five human cancer cell lines. The highest cytotoxic activity of Turkish EEP was demonstrated on PC-3 cell line (IC50 = 20.7±3.4 μg/mL).Conclusion: The results demonstrate that EEP is a good source of antioxidant and a natural antitumor agent capable  of reducing cancer cell proliferation.Keywords: Propolis, Polyphenols, Cytotoxic effect, Cancer cell lines, Antioxidant activity Tropical Journal of  Pharmaceutical Research is indexed by Science Citation Index (SciSearch)

An investigation of heuristic decomposition to tackle workforce scheduling and routing with time-dependent activities constraints

This paper presents an investigation into the application of heuristic decomposition and mixed-integer programming to tackle workforce scheduling and routing problems (WSRP) that involve timedependent activities constraints. These constraints refer to time-wise dependencies between activities. The decomposition method investigated here is called repeated decomposition with con ict repair (RDCR) and it consists of repeatedly applying a phase of problem decomposition and sub-problem solving, followed by a phase dedicated to con ict repair. In order to deal with the time-dependent activities constraints, the problem decomposition puts all activities associated to the same location and their dependent activities in the same sub-problem. This is to guarantee the satisfaction of time-dependent activities constraints as each sub-problem is solved exactly with an exact solver. Once the assignments are made, the time windows of dependent activities are fixed even if those activities are subject to the repair phase. The paper presents an experimental study to assess the performance of the decomposition method when compared to a tailored greedy heuristic. Results show that the proposed RDCR is an effective approach to harness the power of mixed integer programming solvers to tackle the diffcult and highly constrained WSRP in practical computational time. Also, an analysis is conducted in order to understand how the performance of the different solution methods (the decomposition, the tailored heuristic and the MIP solver) is accected by the size of the problem instances and other features of the problem. The paper concludes by making some recommendations on the type of method that could be more suitable for different problem sizes

Critical Oscillation Constant for Euler Type Half-Linear Differential Equation Having Multi-Different Periodic Coefficients

We compute explicitly the oscillation constant for Euler type half-linear second-order differential equation having multi-different periodic coefficients

Metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma to the mandible: Report of a case

Adenocarcinoma of the lung that metastasizes to the mandible is uncommon. There are only a few cases described in the English-language literature regarding metastasis to mandible from adenocarcinoma of the lung. This article shows a metastasis from adenocarcinoma of the lung affecting the mandible of a 55-year-old male patient where the metastatic lesion was detected before primary tumor. This article emphasizes the importance of detailed dentoalveolar examination and early diagnosis for finding the primary focus of metastatic lesions

Rate and causes of lost "gillnets and entangling nets" in the black sea coasts of turkey

In this study, we determined the numbers of gillnets and entangling nets used throughout the Black Sea coasts of Turkey. In addition the number of nets lost over a one year period and principal causes of loss were also calculated. Field studies were carried out at 158 fishing ports in 15 provinces between February 2015 and December 2016. All nets from 3372 fishing boats were counted to determine the total number of gillnets and entangling nets. In order to determine numbers of lost nets, we conducted personal interviews with the skippers of 315 randomly selected fishing boats. Gillnets and entangling nets in the region were divided into 5 categories (Turbot, Whiting, Bonito, Red mullet and Other sp. net) according to target species. Calculations revealed the total number of net panels as 107331 panels. The total number of Turbot, Whiting, Bonito, Red mullet nets and Other sp. net panels were found to be 47144 (43.92%), 22919 (21.35%), 17366 (16.18%), 10461 (9.75%) and 9441 (8.80%) respectively. The average amounts of nets lost per fishing boat were estimated as 2.22±0.74, 1.54±0.47, 0.83±0.43, 1.57±0.57 and 1.56±0.11 panels respectively. The total amount of panels lost throughout the Black Sea was determined as 1626.83 (1.52%) panels/year. © 2018, Central Fisheries Research Inst. All rights reserved.This study was funded by the General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies. The data were collected within the framework of TAGEM /HAYSUD/2015/A11/P-09/02?“Investigation?of?Gillnets? and Effects in Black Sea Fisheries" project. The authors are grateful to the anonymous referee for their valuable input on an earlier version of the article and to Alison Kideyş?for?her?linguistic?corrections. Also, we thank Serdar?Sakınan?for?his?contribution